Elastic routing: a novel geographic routing for mobile sinks in wireless sensor networks

Yu, F,Park, S,Lee, E,Kim, S.-H IET 2010 IET COMMUNICATIONS Vol.4 No.6

<P>Geographic routing has been considered as an efficient, simple and scalable routing protocol for wireless sensor networks, since it exploits pure location information instead of global topology information to route data packets towards a static sink. Recently, a number of research works have shown that mobile sinks can achieve high energy efficiency and load balance than static ones. In order to receive data packets continuously, a mobile sink must update its location to the source frequently. However, frequent location updates of mobile sinks may lead to both rapid energy consumption of the sensor nodes and increased collisions in wireless transmissions. The authors propose a novel geographic routing for mobile sinks to address this issue. The proposed scheme takes advantage of wireless broadcast transmission nature of wireless sensor nodes. When a sink moves, the new location information is propagated along the reverse geographic routing path to the source during data delivery. Analysis and simulation results indicate that elastic routing is superior to other protocols in terms of control overhead, data delivery delay and energy consumption.</P>

Preparation and characterization of HTSC LuBa2Cu3O6+x single crystals

V.E.Fedorov,M.Yu.Kameneva,N.V.Podberezskaya,D.Yu.Naumov,N.F.Beizel,U-HyonPaeka,L.P.Kozeeva 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2002 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.3 No.3

For the first time large HTSC (high temperature superconductive) crystals of LuBa2Cu3O6+x (up to 5´5´0.2 mm3) were obtained from the Lu2O3-BaO-CuO system by a flux growth method. The crystals obtained were characterized by differential thermal analysis (DTA), chemical and X-ray diffraction analyses. The temperature of incongruent melting of the phase was defined more exactly (950±5oC). The composition of crystals corresponds to the formula LuBa2Cu3O6+x. The crystal structure of the tetragonal form was determined and x=0 was found for this case.

Effects of Amino Acid Supplementation on Growth Performance for Weanling, Growing and Finishing Pigs

Li, D.F.,Guan, W.T.,Yu, H.M.,Kim, J.H.,Han, In K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1998 Animal Bioscience Vol.11 No.1

Four feeding trials with 260 pigs were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing the diet with different amino acids on growth performance and blood metabolites for weanling, growing and finishing pigs. One hundred twenty weanling pigs (Exp. 1, BW 8 kg), eighty growing pigs (Exp. 2. BW 20 kg), thirty growing pigs (Exp. 3, BW 29 kg) and thirty finishing pigs (Exp. 4, BW 50 kg) were randomly allotted to different dietary treatments according to sex and body weight. Pigs weight and feed consumption were measured at initiation and termination of each trial with 4 weeks. At the end of trial, blood samples from three pigs selected in each pen (Exp. 1) and each pig (Exp. 2) were obtained to determine the level of blood urea nitrogen, glucose, insulin and cortisol in the serum. In Exp. 1, pigs fed diet supplemented both with lysine and methionine had the best feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05), but no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed in ADG and ADFI. Pigs receiving control diet obtained the obtained the optimal ADG (p < 0.05), ADFI (p < 0.05) and F/G for the whole period. No differences were detected in serum glucose, insulin and cortisol concentrations. In Exp. 2, pigs receiving the control diet exhibited the lowest serum urea nitrogen (p < 0.05), ADG, F/G and serum insulin concentration increased linearly (p < 0.05) with the inclusion of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan in diets. No significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected for glucose and cortisol content in pigs serum among dietary treatments. In Exp. 3 and 4, pigs growth rate increased linearly (p < 0.01), and feed conversion efficiency was also improves by addition of lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan. In conclusion, pigs fed diets supplemented with lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan together obtained optimal growth performance in growing and finishing periods.

A CMOS Frequency divider for 2.4/5GHz WLAN Applications with a Simplified Structure

Yu, Q.,Liu, Y.,Yu, X.P.,Lim, W.M.,Yang, F.,Zhang, X.L.,Peng, Y. The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2011 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.11 No.4

In this paper, a dual-band integer-N frequency divider is proposed for 2.4/5.2 GHz multi-standard wireless local area networks. It consists of a multi-modulus imbalance phase switching prescaler and two all-stage programmable counters. It is able to provide dual-band operation with high resolution while maintaining a low power consumption. This frequency divider is integrated with a 5 GHz VCO for multi-standard applications. Measurement results show that the VCO with frequency divider can work at 5.2 GHz with a total power consumption of 22 mW.

The Probiotic and Adherence Properties of Lactobacillus reuteri Pg4 Expressing the Rumen Microbial β-Glucanase

Yu, B.,Liu, J.R.,Hsiao, F.S.,Lee, T.T.,Chiou, P.W.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.9

This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of the transformed Lactobacillus reuteri Pg4 (T-Pg4) harboring the ${\beta}$-glucanase gene as a poultry probiotic. The probiotic properties of the T-Pg4 strain were evaluated in vitro by their adherence capability and acid and bile salt tolerance, and were evaluated in vivo by their survival and adhesion in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. The results showed that the T-Pg4 strain exhibited resistance to acidic conditions and contact with bile salt, and adhered efficiently to the crop and intestinal epithelial cells of chickens in vitro. The T-Pg4 strain also could survive and colonize the gastrointestinal epithelium of the experimental SPF chickens in vivo. In addition, radial enzyme diffusion was used to demonstrate that the Lactobacillus spp. randomly isolated from the GIT of the SPF chickens fed T-Pg4 possessed ${\beta}$-glucanase secretion capability. These findings have demonstrated that the transformed L. reuteri Pg4 survives transit through the stomach and intestine, and may secrete ${\beta}$-glucanase in the chicken GIT. Therefore, it is suggested that this organism could be used as a multifunctional poultry probiotic.

향상된 미생물 유전체 주석 처리를 위한 단백질 발현 유전자 및 위유전자 판별 알고리즘

유동수(Dong Su Yu),정해영(Haeyoung Jeong),김병권(Byung Kwon Kim),송주연(Ju Yeon Song),이대희(Dae-Hee Lee),공은배(Eun Bae Kong),김지현(Jihyun F. Kim) 한국정보과학회 2012 정보과학회논문지 : 소프트웨어 및 응용 Vol.39 No.2

차세대 염기서열 해독 기술에 의해 해독되는 미생물 유전체의 수가 급증하고 있는 가운데, 자동화된 주석 처리 시스템은 수많은 유전체 정보를 처리하는 점에서 더욱 더 주목되고 있다. 해독된 미생물 유전체를 주석 처리하는 과정에서 주석 처리 결과의 민감도(sensitivity) 향상을 위하여 두 개 이상의 유전자 예측 프로그램을 사용하는 것이 효과적이지만, 잘못 예측된 유전자의 수가 증가하여 낮은 특이도(specificity)와 정확도(accuracy)를 보이는 문제가 있다. 많은 주석 처리 시스템은 예측된 유전자로부터 단백질을 암호화하는 유전자(coding sequence)와 위유전자(pseudogene)를 구분하지 않기 때문에 주석 처리 결과의 질적 향상을 위해 전문가들이 수작업으로 주석 내용을 수정하고 있는 것이 현실이다. 본 논문에서는 두 개 이상의 프로그램에 의해 예측된 유전자들 중에서 정확한 유전자를 구분하고, 위유전자를 예측하여 미생물 유전체 주석 처리 결과의 질적인 향상에 기여할 수 있는 GeneCuraid 알고리즘을 소개한다. 대장균 K-12 MG1666 유전체 염기서열을 대상으로 GeneCuraid 알고리즘을 시험한 결과, 98.09% 민감도, 24.33% 특이도 그리고 91.90%의 정확도를 보임으로써, CRITICA, GLIMMER, GeneMarkS, 그리고 AutoFACT 프로그램으로 구성한 주석 시스템의 결과보다 더 높게 나타났다. 따라서 GeneCuraid 알고리즘은 정확한 단백질 발현 유전자를 구분하고 위유전자를 예측함으로써 해독된 유전체 주석의 질을 더욱 향상시키고, 정확한 단백질 발현 유전자 및 위유전자를 수작업으로 결정하는데 소비되는 많은 시간과 비용을 절감시킬 것으로 기대된다. As more and more microbial genomes are being sequenced by next-generation sequencing technologies, automated genome annotation systems have become more important to process a vast amount of genome sequence information. The usage of multiple gene prediction programs warrants higher sensitivity, but this approach is ineffective in terms of specificity and accuracy because of increasing false positives. Furthermore, since many automated genome annotation systems do not distinguish pseudogenes from functional genes, manual curation is necessary to ensure high-quality annotation which is time-consuming and not always feasible. We developed GeneCuraid that aids the high confidence curation of protein-coding sequences and pseudogenes from genes predicted by automatic annotation tools. When the genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1666 was used as a test data set, the algorithm improved specificity and accuracy of the annotation results were 24.33% and 91.90%, while maintaining sensitivity as high as 98.09%. Therefore, we expect that GeneCuraid algorithm would attain the high-quality genome annotation and help to reduce time and cost in manually determining correct protein-coding genes and pseudogenes.

Physciosporin suppresses the proliferation, motility and tumourigenesis of colorectal cancer cells

Taf,, İ,sa,Han, Jin,Park, So-Yeon,Yang, Yi,Zhou, Rui,Gamage, Chathurika D.B.,Van Nguyen, Tru,Lee, Ji-Yoon,Choi, Yong Jae,Yu, Young Hyun,Moon, Kyung-Sub,Kim, Kyung Keun,Ha, Hyung-Ho,Kim, Sang Elsevier 2019 Phytomedicine Vol.56 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Lichens, which represent symbiotic associations of fungi and algae, are potential sources of numerous natural products. Physciosporin (PHY) is a potent secondary metabolite found in lichens and was recently reported to inhibit the motility of lung cancer cells via novel mechanisms.</P> <P><B>Purpose</B></P> <P>The present study investigated the anticancer potential of PHY on colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>PHY was isolated from lichen extract by preparative TLC. The effect of PHY on cell viability, motility and tumourigenicity was elucidated by MTT assay, hoechst staining, flow cytometric analysis, transwell invasion and migration assay, soft agar colony formation assay, Western blotting, qRT-PCR and PCR array <I>in vitro</I> as well as tumorigenicity study <I>in vivo</I>.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>PHY decreased the viability of various CRC cell lines (Caco2, CT26, DLD1, HCT116 and SW620). Moreover, PHY elicited cytotoxic effects by inducing apoptosis at toxic concentrations. At non-toxic concentrations, PHY dose-dependently suppressed the invasion, migration and colony formation of CRC cells. PHY inhibited the motility of CRC cells by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and downregulating actin-based motility markers. In addition, PHY downregulated β-catenin and its downstream target genes cyclin-D1 and c-Myc. Moreover, PHY modulated KAI1 C-terminal-interacting tetraspanin and KAI1 expression, and downregulated the downstream transcription factors c-jun and c-fos. Finally, PHY administration showed considerable bioavailability and effectively decreased the growth of CRC xenografts in mice without causing toxicity.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>PHY suppresses the growth and motility of CRC cells via novel mechanisms.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

<i>DLEC1</i> is a functional 3p22.3 tumour suppressor silenced by promoter CpG methylation in colon and gastric cancers

Ying, J,Poon, F F,Yu, J,Geng, H,Wong, A H Y,Qiu, G-H,Goh, H K,Rha, S Y,Tian, L,Chan, A T C,Sung, J J Y,Tao, Q Nature Publishing Group 2009 The British journal of cancer Vol.100 No.4

<P>Promoter CpG methylation of tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) is an epigenetic biomarker for TSG identification and molecular diagnosis. We screened genome wide for novel methylated genes through methylation subtraction of a genetic demethylation model of colon cancer (double knockout of <I>DNMT1</I> and <I>DNMT3B</I> in HCT116) and identified <I>DLEC1</I> (Deleted in lung and oesophageal cancer 1), a major 3p22.3 TSG, as one of the methylated targets. We further found that <I>DLEC1</I> was downregulated or silenced in most colorectal and gastric cell lines due to promoter methylation, whereas broadly expressed in normal tissues including colon and stomach, and unmethylated in expressing cell lines and immortalised normal colon epithelial cells. <I>DLEC1</I> expression was reactivated through pharmacologic or genetic demethylation, indicating a DNMT1/DNMT3B-mediated methylation silencing. Aberrant methylation was further detected in primary colorectal (10 out of 34, 29%) and gastric tumours (30 out of 89, 34%), but seldom in paired normal colon (0 out of 17) and gastric (1 out of 20, 5%) samples. No correlation between <I>DLEC1</I> methylation and clinical parameters of gastric cancers was found. Ectopic expression of <I>DLEC1</I> in silenced HCT116 and MKN45 cells strongly inhibited their clonogenicity. Thus, <I>DLEC1</I> is a functional tumour suppressor, being frequently silenced by epigenetic mechanism in gastrointestinal tumours.</P>

Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanotubes and Their Sensitivity for Toluene Gas

Yue, H.Y.,Huang, S.,Guo, E.J.,Wang, L.P.,Kang, F.W.,Yu, Z.M.,Guo, Y.K.,Sun, F.L. The Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute 2011 한국분말재료학회지 (KPMI) Vol.18 No.1

$TiO_2$ nanopowders with anatase structure were firstly prepared by controlling the pH value of a precursor solution without any heat-treatment at room temperature. The prepared $TiO_2$ nanopowders were hydrothermally treated in 10M NaOH solution at $170^{\circ}C$. Then, the samples were washed in DI water or 0.1M HCl. The $TiO_2$ nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The gas sensitivity of $TiO_2$ nanotubes for toluene gas was also investigated. The results show that $TiO_2$ nanotubes can be prepared by hydrothermal treatment. The morphology of $TiO_2$ nanotubes prepared by 0.1M HCl washing is destroyed to some extent. $TiO_2$ nanotubes with DI water washing show better sensitivity than that with 0.1M HCl washing.

Effect of a microbial phytase on growth performance, plasma parameters and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility in Youxian Sheldrake fed a low-phosphorus corn-soybean diet

He, Shaoping,Medrano, R.F.,Yu, Qifang,Cai, Yixin,Dai, Qiuzhong,He, Jianhua Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.10

Objective: This study investigated the effect of microbial phytase supplementation on growth performance, tibia ash, plasma parameters, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acid (AA) and apparent digestibility of nutrients in Youxian Sheldrakes fed with low-phosphorus (P) cornsoybean diets. Methods: A total of 350 Youxian Sheldrakes (7d old) were randomly divided into 5 treatment groups: positive control (PC) group has adequate available P diet (0.42% and 0.38%, starter and grower), negative control (NC) group were deficient in available P (0.32% and 0.28%, starter and grower) and NC diet was supplemented with 3 levels of microbial phytase (500, 750, and 1,000 U/kg). Results: Dietary supplementation of phytase in NC diet improved the average daily gain, increased the levels of serum calcium (Ca), tibia Ca and P, AID of AA and apparent digestibility of energy and Ca in starter stage (p<0.05). There was an increased (p<0.001) in the utilization of P from 17.3% to 23.9%. Phytase supplementation (1,000 U/kg) has shown that the AID of His, Thr, Val, indispensable AA, Glu, Pro, and dispensable AA was higher (p<0.05) than that of NC. Moreover, phytase supplementation improved (p<0.05) serum and tibia Ca and P, AID of AA and apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, energy, P and Ca, and reduced (p<0.05) feed to gain ratio (F/G) and the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase in grower stage. Likewise, an increase (p<0.001) in the utilization of P was noticed from 12.6% to 17.2%. Supplement phytase at 750 U/kg improved the AID of His, Thr, Asp, Cys, Pro, and Ser (p<0.05). Conclusion: The microbial phytase supplement could improve growth performance, AID of some AA and apparent utilization of other nutrients in Youxian Sheldrakes, and reduce excreta P load to environment.