Selection for Duration of Fertility and Mule Duck White Plumage Colour in a Synthetic Strain of Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

H.C. Liu,J.F. Huang,S.R. Lee,H.L. Liu,C.H. Hsieh,C.W. Huang,M.C. Huang,C. Tai,J.P. Poivey,R. Rouvier,Y.S. Cheng 아세아·태평양축산학회 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.5

A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie (h2 = 0.07±0.03) and M (h2 = 0.07±0.01), moderately low for Dm (h2 = 0.13±0.02), of medium values for H (h2 = 0.20±0.03) and F (h2 = 0.23±0.03). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm (rg = 0.93), between F and H (rg = 0.97) and between Dm and H (rg = 0.90). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings’ feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.

Selection for Duration of Fertility and Mule Duck White Plumage Colour in a Synthetic Strain of Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos)

Liu, H.C.,Huang, J.F.,Lee, S.R.,Liu, H.L.,Hsieh, C.H.,Huang, C.W.,Huang, M.C.,Tai, C.,Poivey, J.P.,Rouvier, R.,Cheng, Y.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.5

A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.03$) and M ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.01$), moderately low for Dm ($h^2=0.13{\pm}0.02$), of medium values for H ($h^2=0.20{\pm}0.03$) and F ($h^2=0.23{\pm}0.03$). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm ($r_g=0.93$), between F and H ($r_g=0.97$) and between Dm and H ($r_g=0.90$). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings' feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.

The Corrosion Behavior of Cold-Rolled 304 Stainless Steel In Salt Spray Environments

Chiang, M.F.,Young, M.C.,Huang, J.Y. Korean Radioactive Waste Society 2011 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.9 No.2

염분분위기에서의 부식은 사용후핵연료의 중간저장 기간동안 304 스테인레스 강재 건식저장용기의 주 열화기구들 중 하나다. 본 연구에서는 감소정도가 서로 다른 냉연 304 스테인레스 강 시편들에 0.5wt.%의 염화나트륨 연무를 분사시키면서 느린 변형속도시험(SSRT)과 중성염 분사시험(NSS)을 $85^{\circ}C$와 $200^{\circ}C$ 에서 수행하였다. $85^{\circ}C$에서 2000 시간 동안 시험한 NSS시편의 무게 변화는 $200^{\circ}C$에서 시험한 시편의 무게 변화와 크게 달랐다. NSS 시편의 $85^{\circ}C$에서 무게 감량은 미미하였지만, 냉연 감소율이 증가함에 따라서 무게 변화는 점진적으로 감소하였다. $85^{\circ}C$와 $200^{\circ}C$에서 그리고 염분분사 환경에서 가볍게 냉연 가공된 시편의 SSRT 시험으로부터 얻은 항복강도와 극한 인장응력의 값은 공기 중의 값보다 약간 낮았다. 그러나 염분 분위기에서 부식으로 인한 20% 감소 냉연시편의 강도는 더 이상 변화하지 않았다. 예비결과는 냉연 304 스테인레스 강의 질과 성능이 건식저장용기의 제작을 위한 조건에 맞는다는 것을 증명하였다. 그러나 냉연 스테인레스 강의 장기적인 성능을 더 잘 이해하기 위해서는 염분분위기에서 이 재질의 부식거동에 관한 더 많은 연구가 필요하다. Saline corrosion is one of the major degradation mechanisms for stainless steel type 304 (SS304) dry storage cask during the spent fuel interim storage period. Slow strain rate test (SSRT) and neutral salt spray test (NSS) were performed at $85^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$ with 0.5 wt% sodium chloride mist sprayed on the cold-rolled SS304 specimens of different degrees of reduction in this study. The weight changes of the NSS specimens tested at $85^{\circ}C$ for 2000 hours differed greatly from those at $200^{\circ}C$. The weight loss of NSS specimens was not significant at $85^{\circ}C$ but the weight gain decreased gradually with increasing the cold-rolled reduction. The yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile stress (UTS) values obtained from the SSRT tests for lightly cold-rolled specimens in the salt spray environment at $85^{\circ}C$ and $200^{\circ}C$ are slightly lower than in air. But for those with 20% reductions, the specimen strengths were no longer changed by the saline corrosion. The preliminary results demonstrated that the quality and performance of cold-rolled SS304 is acceptable for fabrication of dry storage casks. However, more work on the corrosion behavior of cold-rolled stainless steel in the saline atmosphere is needed to better understand its long-term performance.

NEW PROGRESS IN TiN-BASED PROTECTIVE COATINGS DEPOSITED BY ARC ION PLATING

R. F. Huang,L. S. Wen 한국표면공학회 1999 한국표면공학회지 Vol.32 No.3

THE FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTION OF THE SPACE-TIME FRACTIONAL ADVECTION-DISPERSION EQUATION

HUANG, F.,LIU, F. 한국전산응용수학회 2005 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.18 No.1

A space-time fractional advection-dispersion equation (ADE) is a generalization of the classical ADE in which the first-order time derivative is replaced with Caputo derivative of order $\alpha{\in}(0,1]$, and the second-order space derivative is replaced with a Riesz-Feller derivative of order $\beta{\in}0,2]$. We derive the solution of its Cauchy problem in terms of the Green functions and the representations of the Green function by applying its Fourier-Laplace transforms. The Green function also can be interpreted as a spatial probability density function (pdf) evolving in time. We do the same on another kind of space-time fractional advection-dispersion equation whose space and time derivatives both replacing with Caputo derivatives.

THE SPACE-TIME FRACTIONAL DIFFUSION EQUATION WITH CAPUTO DERIVATIVES

HUANG, F.,LIU, F. 한국전산응용수학회 2005 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.19 No.1

We deal with the Cauchy problem for the space-time fractional diffusion equation, which is obtained from standard diffusion equation by replacing the second-order space derivative with a Caputo (or Riemann-Liouville) derivative of order ${\beta}{\in}$ (0, 2] and the first-order time derivative with Caputo derivative of order ${\beta}{\in}$ (0, 1]. The fundamental solution (Green function) for the Cauchy problem is investigated with respect to its scaling and similarity properties, starting from its Fourier-Laplace representation. We derive explicit expression of the Green function. The Green function also can be interpreted as a spatial probability density function evolving in time. We further explain the similarity property by discussing the scale-invariance of the space-time fractional diffusion equation.

HERITABILITIES AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS OF EGG QUALITY TRAITS IN TAIWANS'S LOCAL CHICKEN

Chen, C.F.,Lee, Y.P.,Lee, Z.H.,Huang, S.Y.,Huang, H.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.3

Means and standard errors of 285 Taiwan's local chicken and 429 Single Comb White Leghorn pullets at 35 wk of age were: egg weight (g) $48.3{\pm}0.3$, $54.6{\pm}0.3$, shell index $73.39{\pm}0.26$, $73.20{\pm}0.18$, shell color $15.23{\pm}0.40$, $0.88{\pm}0.27$, shell whiteness $72.61{\pm}0.57$, $90.00{\pm}0.35$, shell strength ($kg/cm^2$) $3.77{\pm}0.07$, $3.35{\pm}0.05$, shell thickness (mm) $0.38{\pm}0.003$, $0.38{\pm}0.002$, Haugh units $85.26{\pm}0.50$, $91.81{\pm}0.38$ and yolk percent (%) $30.17{\pm}0.18$, $27.32{\pm}0.16$ respectively. Theestimated heritabiliities of Taiwan's local chicken based on sire and dam components of variance were as follows: egg weight 0.20, shell index 0.1, shell color 0.87, shell whiteness 0.79, shell strength 0.37, shell thickness 0.14, Haugh units 0.24 and yolk percent 0.16. Genetic correlations based on sire and dam components of variance and covariance were also estimated. Generically, the shell index was positively correlated with egg weight, shell strength and yolk percent, and egg weight was negatively correlated with shell thickness, Haugh unit and yolk percent.

Effects of Inclusion Levels of Wheat Bran and Body Weight on Ileal and Fecal Digestibility in Growing Pigs

Huang, Q.,Su, Y.B.,Li, D.F.,Liu, L.,Huang, C.F.,Zhu, Z.P.,Lai, C.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2015 Animal Bioscience Vol.28 No.6

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of graded inclusions of wheat bran (0%, 9.65%, 48.25% wheat bran) and two growth stages (from 32.5 to 47.2 kg and 59.4 to 78.7 kg, respectively) on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and hindgut fermentation of nutrients and energy in growing pigs. Six light pigs (initial body weight [BW] $32.5{\pm}2.1kg$) and six heavy pigs (initial BW $59.4{\pm}3.2kg$) were surgically prepared with a T-cannula in the distal ileum. A difference method was used to calculate the nutrient and energy digestibility of wheat bran by means of comparison with a basal diet consisting of corn-soybean meal (0% wheat bran). Two additional diets were formulated by replacing 9.65% and 48.25% wheat bran by the basal diet, respectively. Each group of pigs was allotted to a $6{\times}3$ Youden square design, and pigs were fed to three experimental diets during three 11-d periods. Hindgut fermentation values were calculated as the differences between ATTD and AID values. For the wheat bran diets, the AID and ATTD of dry matter (DM), ash, organic matter (OM), carbohydrates (CHO), gross energy (GE), and digestible energy (DE) decreased with increasing inclusion levels of wheat bran (p<0.05). While only AID of CHO and ATTD of DM, ash, OM, CHO, GE, and DE content differed (p<0.05) when considering the BW effect. For the wheat bran ingredient, there was a wider variation effect (p<0.01) on the nutrient and energy digestibility of wheat bran in 9.65% inclusion level due to the coefficient of variation (CV) of the nutrient and energy digestibility being higher at 9.65% compared to 48.25% inclusion level of wheat bran. Digestible energy content of wheat bran at 48.25% inclusion level (4.8 and 6.7 MJ/kg of DM, respectively) fermented by hindgut was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in 9.65% wheat bran inclusion level (2.56 and 2.12 MJ/kg of DM, respectively), which was also affected (p<0.05) by two growth stages. This increase in hindgut fermentation caused the difference in ileal DE (p<0.05) to disappear at total tract level. All in all, increasing wheat bran levels in diets negatively influences the digestibility of some nutrients in pigs, while it positively affects the DE fermentation in the hindgut.

Probing two-dimensional metallic-like and localization effects at low magnetic fields

Huang, T.Y.,Liang, C.T.,Kim, G.H.,Huang, C.F.,Huang, C.P.,Ritchie, D.A. North-Holland 2010 Physica E, Low-dimensional systems & nanostructure Vol.42 No.4

The metallic-like regime characterized by Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations is investigated between localization-induced weak insulator and quantum Hall liquid in a gated two-dimensional GaAs electron system containing InAs dots. Multiple SdH crossing points are observed in the longitudinal resistivity before the appearance of the critical point of a plateau transition with increasing perpendicular magnetic field. In conductivities, however, there is no corresponding crossing in the metallic-like regime because of the T-dependent Hall slope under electron-electron interaction, which provides an explicit way to distinguish SdH crossing points from the critical point in our study.

Novel MAPK-dependent and -independent tubulogenes identified via microarray analysis of 3D-cultured Madin-Darby canine kidney cells

Chacon-Heszele, Maria F.,Zuo, Xiaofeng,Hellman, Nathan E.,McKenna, Sarah,Choi, Soo Young,Huang, Liwei,Tobias, John W.,Park, Kwon Moo,Lipschutz, Joshua H. American Physiological Society 2014 American Journal of Physiology Vol.306 No.9

<P>Cystogenesis and tubulogenesis are basic building blocks for many epithelial organs, including the kidney. Most researchers have used two-dimensional (2D) cell culture to investigate signaling pathways downstream of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). We hypothesize that three-dimensional (3D) collagen-grown Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, which form cysts and then tubulate in response to HGF, are a much more in vivo-like system for the identification of novel tubulogenes. With the use of a canine microarray containing over 20,000 genes, 2,417 genes were identified as potential tubulogenes that were differentially regulated, exclusively in 3D-grown MDCK cells. Among these, 840 were dependent on MAPK signaling. Importantly, this work shows that many putative tubulogenes, previously identified via microarray analysis of 2D cultures, including by us, do not change in 3D culture and vice versa. The use of a 3D-culture system allowed for the identification of novel MAPK-dependent and -independent genes that regulate early renal tubulogenesis in vitro, e.g., matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). Knockdown of MMP1 led to defects in cystogenesis and tubulogenesis in 3D-grown MDCK cells, most likely due to problems establishing normal polarity. We suggest that data obtained from 2D cultures, even those using MDCK cells treated with HGF, should not be automatically extrapolated to factors important for cystogenesis and tubulogenesis. Instead, 3D culture, which more closely replicates the biological environment and is therefore a more accurate model for identifying tubulogenes, is preferred. Results from the present analysis will be used to build a more accurate model of the signaling pathways that control cystogenesis and tubulogenesis.</P>