A Case of Pentastomiasis at the Left Maxilla Bone in a Patient with Thyroid Cancer

Eunae Sandra Cho,Seung Wook Jung,Hwi-Dong Jung,In Yong Lee,Tai-Soon Yong,Su Jin Jeong,Hyun Sil Kim 대한기생충학열대의학회 2017 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.55 No.4

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway as a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy

Cho, Eunae Sandra,Cha, Yong Hoon,Kim, Hyun Sil,Kim, Nam Hee,Yook, Jong In The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.1

During cancer progression, cancer cells are repeatedly exposed to metabolic stress conditions in a resource-limited environment which they must escape. Increasing evidence indicates the importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) homeostasis in the survival of cancer cells under metabolic stress conditions, such as metabolic resource limitation and therapeutic intervention. NADPH is essential for scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly derived from oxidative phosphorylation required for ATP generation. Thus, metabolic reprogramming of NADPH homeostasis is an important step in cancer progression as well as in combinational therapeutic approaches. In mammalian, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and one-carbon metabolism are major sources of NADPH production. In this review, we focus on the importance of glucose flux control towards PPP regulated by oncogenic pathways and the potential therein for metabolic targeting as a cancer therapy. We also summarize the role of Snail (Snai1), an important regulator of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), in controlling glucose flux towards PPP and thus potentiating cancer cell survival under oxidative and metabolic stress.

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway as a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy

( Eunae Sandra Cho ),( Yong Hoon Cha ),( Hyun Sil Kim ),( Nam Hee Kim ),( Jong In Yook ) 한국응용약물학회 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.1

During cancer progression, cancer cells are repeatedly exposed to metabolic stress conditions in a resource-limited environment which they must escape. Increasing evidence indicates the importance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) homeostasis in the survival of cancer cells under metabolic stress conditions, such as metabolic resource limitation and therapeu-tic intervention. NADPH is essential for scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly derived from oxidative phosphoryla-tion required for ATP generation. Thus, metabolic reprogramming of NADPH homeostasis is an important step in cancer progres-sion as well as in combinational therapeutic approaches. In mammalian, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and one-carbon metabolism are major sources of NADPH production. In this review, we focus on the importance of glucose flux control towards PPP regulated by oncogenic pathways and the potential therein for metabolic targeting as a cancer therapy. We also summarize the role of Snail (Snai1), an important regulator of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), in controlling glucose flux towards PPP and thus potentiating cancer cell survival under oxidative and metabolic stress.

Therapeutic implications of cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)

Eunae Sandra Cho,Hee Eun Kang,Nam Hee Kim,Jong In Yook 대한약학회 2019 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.42 No.1

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)comprises an essential biological process involving cancer progression as well as initiation. While the EMT has been regarded as a phenotypic conversion from epithelial to mesenchymal cells, recent evidence indicates that it plays a critical role in stemness, metabolic reprogramming, immune evasion and therapeutic resistance of cancer cells. Interestingly, several transcriptional repressors including Snail (SNAI1), Slug (SNAI2) and the ZEB family constitute key players for EMT in cancer as well as in the developmental process. Note that the dynamic conversion between EMT and epithelial reversion (mesenchymal-epithelial transition, MET) occurs through variable intermediate-hybrid states rather than being a binary process. Given the close connection between oncogenic signaling and EMT repressors, the EMT has emerged as a therapeutic target or goal (in terms of MET reversion) in cancer therapy. Here we review the critical role of EMT in therapeutic resistance and the importance of EMT as a therapeutic target for human cancer.

Deep benign fibrous histiocytoma in the oral cavity: a case report

Eun Jo,Eunae Sandra Cho,Hyun Sil Kim,Woong Nam 대한구강악안면외과학회 2015 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Benign fibrous histiocytoma (FH) is a benign tumor composed of fibroblasts and histiocytes in varying proportions. This tumor is usually found in adult extremities but rarely occurs in deep soft tissues of the oral cavity. As it is difficult to diagnose with physical and radiologic exams, deep benign FH can only be diagnosed by histopathology. We report a case of a 36-year-old female patient who came to our department with painless swelling in the right buccal mucosa. This case report reviews the clinical, radiological, and histological aspects of this tumor.

Frequent oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation in odontogenic keratocyst

Cha, Yong Hoon,Cho, Eunae Sandra,Kang, Hee Eun,Ko, Jaemin,Nam, Woong,Kim, Hyung Jun,Kim, Nam Hee,Kim, Hyun Sil,Cha, In-Ho,Yook, Jong In Elsevier 2017 Oral oncology Vol.74 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), also known as keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), has clinical significance due to its high incidence as well as high recurrence rate after surgical enucleation. Current clinical management for OCK is entirely dependent on surgical approach. While various genetic alterations, such as PTCH1 mutation and loss of heterozygosity in tumor suppressor genes, have been reported, the molecular background of OKC is not well-understood. Although recent identification of BRAF V600E mutation and subsequent activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in ameloblastoma and odontogenic tumors provide additional options with targeted therapeutics, the molecular background of OKC is not well understood.</P> <P><B>Materials and methods</B></P> <P>In this study, we examined BRAF V600E mutation from paraffin embedded OKC samples by tumor cell enriched microdissection and TA cloning of amplified DNA. We further examined the relationship between BRAF V600E mutation and clinical parameters.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We found frequent BRAF V600E mutation in OKC (24 of 38 samples, 63.2%). However, BRAF V600E mutational status is not related with clinical indexes such as size, location, and recurrence. In orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst, there is one case of BRAF 600E mutation from 11 samples (9.1%).</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>These results indicate that BRAF V600E mutation occurs in OKCs at a high rate and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OKCs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> BRAF V600E mutation is prevalent in odontogenic keratocyst. </LI> <LI> Presence of the low frequency mutation in orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst. </LI> <LI> BRAF V600E mutation status and clinical manifetations in not tightly related. </LI> </UL> </P>

The Effect of Dilution with 10% Dextrose Solution on the Potency of Botulinum Toxin A

Ham, Jong Wook,Kwon, Jeong-Seung,Cho, Eunae Sandra,Choi, Jong Hoon Korean Academy of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine 2019 Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain Vol.44 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the potency-stabilizing effects of two different diluents of botulinum toxin A (10% dextrose solution and 0.9% saline). Methods: A mouse lethality bioassay was undertaken. Ninety mice were divided into experimental and control groups which received varying dosages in subgroups of 10. The experimental group was injected with botulinum toxin A diluted with 10% dextrose solution and the control group was injected with botulinum toxin A diluted with 0.9% saline. A 72 hours after intraperitoneal injection, the number of dead mice was counted to confirm median lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) of each group. Results: The value of $LD_{50}$ in the experimental group was approximately 0.131 mL (1.31 U) and the value of $LD_{50}$ in the control group was approximately 0.107 mL (1.07 U). The potency preservation rate of the experimental group was estimated to be 93.5% and that of the control group was estimated to be 76.3%. Conclusions: Dilution with 10% dextrose solution displayed less potency loss than 0.9% saline.

Temporomandibular joint synovial chondromatosis extending to the temporal bone : a report of two cases

Dae Hoon Kim,Eun Hee Lee,Eunae Sandra Cho,Jae Young Kim,Kug Jin Jeon,Jin Kim,Jong Ki Huh 대한구강악안면외과학회 2017 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.43 No.5

Synovial chondromatosis is a rare benign lesion originating from the synovial membrane. It presents as adhesive or non-adhesive intra-articular cartilaginous loose bodies. Although the causes of synovial chondromatosis have not been fully elucidated, inflammation, external injury, or excessive use of joints have been suggested as possible causes. Synovial chondromatosis has been reported to occur most frequently at large joints that bear weights, with a rare occurrence at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). When synovial chondromatosis develops at TMJ, clinical symptoms, including pain, joint sounds, and mouth opening may common. Moreover, synovial chondromatosis rarely spreads to the mandibular condyle, glenoid cavity, or articular eminence of TMJ. The goal of this study was to discuss the methods of surgery and other possible considerations by reviewing cases of patients who underwent surgery for synovial chondromatosis that extended to the temporal bone.

Analysis of the Difference in the Importance of Instructors and Clinical Dental Hygienists for Oral Pathology Learning Objectives

Sun-Mi Lee,Jung–Hwa Lee,Eunae Sandra Cho 한국치위생과학회 2022 치위생과학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in the importance of oral pathology learning objectives for instructors and clinical dental hygienists and provide basic data that can guide learning objectives for acquiring practically necessary basic knowledge in the clinical field.Methods: Through the first-stage expert meeting, 27 items with less than four points out of 129 learning objectives in 15 detailed areas were deleted, 12 additional opinions were reflected, 114 learning objectives were set, and a survey was conducted with 253 people.Results: There were statistically significant differences in 92 items after examining the difference between professors and clinical dental hygienists. Among the areas of inflammation and repair, “Can explain the five symptoms of inflammation” had the highest with a score at 4.76 in the case of the professors. Among the areas of tooth damage, “Can explain abrasion” had the highest with a score at 4.61 in the case of the clinical dental hygienists.Conclusion: I would like to propose the existing 15 detail areas and 129 learning objectives as 14 detail areas and 98 learning objectives and strengthen the job competency of dental hygienists in the future. First, you need to develop competencies that are highly relevant to your work. Second, it is necessary to develop related textbooks and educational materials based on revised learning objectives and competencies. Third, based on revised learning objectives, the dental hygienist national examination should be improved. Through these changes in education, the education of oral and maxillofacial disease subjects should strengthen job competencies among dental hygienists with learning objectives that can be applied to actual clinical practice based on basic knowledge rather than knowledge orientation. In addition, it is possible to improve the quality of dental hygiene studies.

Oral Papillomatosis in Immunocompromised Patients: A Case Series of Kidney Transplant Recipients and Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Kwak, Eun-Jung,Choi, Yun Hee,Park, Wonse,Cho, Eunae Sandra Elsevier 2018 Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery Vol.76 No.1

<P>Solitary papilloma is a human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced benign indolent epithelial tumor with limited growth, whereas papillomatosis is an entirely different entity. Papillomatosis requires attention because of its aggressive and recurrent clinical progress with risks of dysplastic and malignant transformation. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) has a high prevalence of dysplasia and reports of transformation to carcinoma-ex-papillomatosis, especially when associated with low-risk HPV type 11. Although papillomatosis seldom occurs in the oral cavity, this report describes 3 cases of oral papillomatosis in immunocompromised patients, with 1 case identified as having HPV type 11. Two cases were kidney transplant recipients and the other case had a history of myelodysplastic syndrome followed by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and graft-versus-host disease. Oral papillomatosis might be problematic, as in RRP, and periodic oral examination for persistent recurrences and malignant transformation can be beneficial to immunocompromised patients.</P>