Seasonal Influence on Phenolic-mediated Antihyperglycemic Properties of Canadian Sugar and Red Maple Leaves Using in vitro Assay Models

Emmanouil Apostolidis,liyali,bouhee kang,chong m. lee,navindrapseeram 한국식품과학회 2012 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.21 No.3

Red and sugar maple leaves collected in the summer and fall from Canada, were evaluated for phenolic content, antioxidant, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibitory activities variation. The phenolic contents of summer red maple leaves (RML-S) and summer sugar maple leaves (SML-S) were higher than red and sugar maple leaves collected in fall (RML-F and SML-F, respectively). HPLC analyses showed differences in phenolic compounds present in the SML samples compared to the RML samples. The extracts were assayed for yeast and rat α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Both results showed that SML-S extracts had the highest inhibitory activity which could possibly be attributed to the unique phenolics present therein. Milder effects were observed in terms of α-amylase inhibitory activity, with RML-F having the highest inhibitory activity. These results suggest that maple tree leaf extracts may have potential for phenolic-mediated α-glucosidase inhibition, relevant to type 2 diabetes management, with SML-S extract having the highest bioactivity.

Development of Novel Ingredients for Metabolic Syndrome Management and Microbial Modulations

Emmanouil Apostolidis 한국식품영양과학회 2021 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2021 No.10

Development and commercialization of ingredients for disease prevention is an interesting “discovery journey”. You never know how this “discovery journey” will start, how it will progress and how it will end. Currently my team is involved in the development and commercialization of two novel ingredients, one for the management of metabolic syndrome and one for microbial modulations. In this presentation we will discuss about a possible method that can instigate the initiation of the “discovery journey”, namely the evaluation, understanding and re-translation of previous scientific reports. We will discuss how during the “discovery journey” and progression of the research, specific aims can be adjusted to improve the potential commercial value of the under-development ingredient Also, we will discuss regulatory barriers that need to be overcome for the commercialization of the findings, even though the ingredients and the active compounds have been scientifically evaluated for many decades.

Commercialization-Focused Research for Ingredient Development Tailored for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

Emmanouil Apostolidis 한국식품영양과학회 2017 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2016 No.10

Evaluation of Indigenous Grains from the Peruvian Andean Region for Antidiabetes and Antihypertension Potential Using In Vitro Methods

Ranilla, Lena Galvez,Apostolidis, Emmanouil,Genovese, Maria Ines,Lajolo, Franco Maria,Shetty, Kalidas The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.4

The health-relevant functionality of 10 thermally processed Peruvian Andean grains (five cereals, three pseudocereals, and two legumes) was evaluated for potential type 2 diabetes-relevant antihyperglycemia and antihypertension activity using in vitro enzyme assays. Inhibition of enzymes relevant for managing early stages of type 2 diabetes such as hyperglycemia-relevant $\alpha$-glucosidase and a-amylase and hypertension-relevant angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were assayed along with the total phenolic content, phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activity based on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical assay. Purple corn (Zea mays L.) (cereal) exhibited high free radical scavenging-linked antioxidant activity (77%) and had the highest total phenolic content ($8\;{\pm}\;1\;mg$ of gallic acid equivalents/g of sample weight) and a-glucosidase inhibitory activity (51% at 5mg of sample weight). The major phenolic compound in this cereal was protocatechuic acid ($287\;{\pm}\;15\;{\mu}g/g$ of sample weight). Pseudocereals such as Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and Kan.iwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) were rich in quercetin derivatives ($1,131\;{\pm}\;56$ and $943\;{\pm}\;35\;{\mu}g$ [expressed as quercetin aglycone]/g of sample weight, respectively) and had the highest antioxidant activity (86% and 75%, respectively). Andean legumes (Lupinus mutabilis cultivars SLP-1 and H-6) inhibited significantly the hypertension-relevant ACE (52% at 5mg of sample weight). No a-amylase inhibitory activity was found in any of the evaluated Andean grains. This in vitro study indicates the potential of combination of Andean whole grain cereals, pseudocereals, and legumes to develop effective dietary strategies for managing type 2 diabetes and associated hypertension and provides the rationale for animal and clinical studies.

Evaluation of Indigenous Grains from the Peruvian Andean Region for Antidiabetes and Antihypertension Potential Using In Vitro Methods

Lena Galvez Ranilla,Emmanouil Apostolidis,Franco Maria Lajolo,Kalidas Shetty,Maria Ines Genovese 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.4

The health-relevant functionality of 10 thermally processed Peruvian Andean grains (five cereals, three pseudocereals, and two legumes) was evaluated for potential type 2 diabetes-relevant antihyperglycemia and antihypertension activity using in vitro enzyme assays. Inhibition of enzymes relevant for managing early stages of type 2 diabetes such as hyperglycemia-relevant α-glucosidase and α-amylase and hypertension-relevant angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) were assayed along with the total phenolic content, phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activity based on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical assay. Purple corn (Zea mays L.) (cereal) exhibited high free radical scavenging-linked antioxidant activity (77%) and had the highest total phenolic content (8±1mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of sample weight) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (51% at 5mg of sample weight). The major phenolic compound in this cereal was protocatechuic acid (287±15μg/g of sample weight). Pseudocereals such as Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) and Kañiwa (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) were rich in quercetin derivatives (1,131±56 and 943±35μg [expressed as quercetin aglycone]/g of sample weight, respectively) and had the highest antioxidant activity (86% and 75%, respectively). Andean legumes (Lupinus mutabilis cultivars SLP-1 and H-6) inhibited significantly the hypertension-relevant ACE (52% at 5mg of sample weight). No α-amylase inhibitory activity was found in any of the evaluated Andean grains. This in vitro study indicates the potential of combination of Andean whole grain cereals, pseudocereals, and legumes to develop effective dietary strategies for managing type 2 diabetes and associated hypertension and provides the rationale for animal and clinical studies.

Comparison of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Selected Wheat Varieties

최은지,가은혜,조차영,조성훈,Emmanouil Apostolidis,이미숙,장해동,권영인 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of wheatseed ethyl acetate extracts for Jokyoung (JK), Dark northernspring (DNS), Keumkang (KK), Woori (WR), and Winterwheat (WW) were investigated. Antibacterial activitieswere evaluated in vitro against the common food andcosmetic industry contaminants Escherichia coli, Salmonellatyphimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus using welldiffusion assays. WW had the highest inhibitory activityagainst all tested strains, with S. aureus being the mostsensitive strain. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) values of WW and WR against S. aureus were 0.50and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. The 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ) content was measured using HPLC. The antibacterial activities of wheat seed extracts werecorrelated with the total phenolic contents (Pearson’scorrelation coefficient=0.994), with the ABTS radicalscavenging activity (0.978), and with the DMBQ content(0.968). WW and WR have potential for use as naturalantimicrobials for prevention of food and cosmetics spoilage.

Evaluation of Antihyperglycemia and Antihypertension Potential of Native Peruvian Fruits Using In Vitro Models

Pinto, Marcia Da Silva,Ranilla, Lena Galvez,Apostolidis, Emmanouil,Lajolo, Franco Maria,Genovese, Maria Ines,Shetty, Kalidas The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

Local food diversity and traditional crops are essential for cost-effective management of the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes and associated complications of hypertension. Water and 12% ethanol extracts of native Peruvian fruits such as Lucuma (Pouteria lucuma), Pacae (Inga feuille), Papayita arequipe$\tilde{n}$a (Carica pubescens), Capuli (Prunus capuli), Aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana), and Algarrobo (Prosopis pallida) were evaluated for total phenolics, antioxidant activity based on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, and functionality such as in vitro inhibition of $\alpha$-amylase, $\alpha$-glucosidase, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) relevant for potential management of hyperglycemia and hypertension linked to type 2 diabetes. The total phenolic content ranged from 3.2 (Aguaymanto) to 11.4 (Lucuma fruit) mg/g of sample dry weight. A significant positive correlation was found between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for the ethanolic extracts. No phenolic compound was detected in Lucuma (fruit and powder) and Pacae. Aqueous extracts from Lucuma and Algarrobo had the highest $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Papayita arequipe$\tilde{n}$a and Algarrobo had significant ACE inhibitory activities reflecting antihypertensive potential. These in vitro results point to the excellent potential of Peruvian fruits for food-based strategies for complementing effective antidiabetes and antihypertension solutions based on further animal and clinical studies.

The Reduction Effect of Low Molecular Weight Chitosan Oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) on Postprandial Blood Glucose Levels in Healthy Individuals

조성훈,하경수,이종욱,Young-Cheul Kim,Emmanouil Apostolidis,권영인 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

The effects of chitosan-oligosaccharide (GO2KA1)on postprandial blood glucose levels in adults with normalblood glucose levels were investigated. Postprandial bloodglucose levels were measured at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minafter sucrose administration with and without 500 mg ofGO2KA1. GO2KA1 administration reduced the area underthe blood glucose-time curve (AUC) and the blood glucosepeak (Cmax) values while the time of peak plasma concentrationof blood glucose (Tmax) value was significantly (p<0.05)increased, compared to controls. GO2KA1 reducedpostprandial blood glucose level increases via slowerabsorption of glucose in the small intestine based oncarbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme inhibition.

Blueberry extract inhibits carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes and these inhibitory activities are not proanthocyanidin dependent

강부희,Kenneth Racicot,Sarah J. Pilkenton,권영인,Emmanouil Apostolidis 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.1

This study investigates the carbohydratehydrolyzinginhibitory potential of blueberry extract oncarbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes and evaluates if theinhibitory activity is proanthocyanidin (PAC) or lowermolecular weight phenolic dependent. Freeze-dried blueberrypowder was extracted using acetone and subjected toC18 extraction (BAE). Low-molecular weight phenolics(BAE-LMW) and PACs (BAE-PAC) were separated fromBAE with gel filtration chromatography using LH-20 column. Total phenolic content, PAC content, and phenolicprofiles using HPLC, as well as rat a-glucosidase, sucrase,and maltase inhibitory activities, were determined for allsamples. The rat alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity ofBAE (IC50 0.390 mg/mL TP basis) was enhanced in BAELMW(IC50 0.242 mg/mL TP basis) and reduced in BAEPAC(IC50 0.915 mg/mL TP basis). Similar trends wereobserved with maltase and sucrase inhibitory activities. Our findings suggest that blueberry acetone extract hasinhibitory activity on carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymesand this effect is dependent on LMWs rather than PAC.

Evaluation of Antihyperglycemia and Antihypertension Potential of Native Peruvian Fruits Using In Vitro Models

Marcia Da Silva Pinto,Lena Galvez Ranilla,Emmanouil Apostolidis,Franco Maria Lajolo,Maria Inés Genovese,Kalidas Shetty 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.2

Local food diversity and traditional crops are essential for cost-effective management of the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes and associated complications of hypertension. Water and 12% ethanol extracts of native Peruvian fruits such as Lucuma (Pouteria lucuma), Pacae (Inga feuille), Papayita arequipeña (Carica pubescens), Capuli (Prunus capuli), Aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana), and Algarrobo (Prosopis pallida) were evaluated for total phenolics, antioxidant activity based on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay, and functionality such as in vitro inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) relevant for potential management of hyperglycemia and hypertension linked to type 2 diabetes. The total phenolic content ranged from 3.2 (Aguaymanto) to 11.4 (Lucuma fruit) mg/g of sample dry weight. A significant positive correlation was found between total phenolic content and antioxidant activity for the ethanolic extracts. No phenolic compound was detected in Lucuma (fruit and powder) and Pacae. Aqueous extracts from Lucuma and Algarrobo had the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Papayita arequipeña and Algarrobo had significant ACE inhibitory activities reflecting antihypertensive potential. These in vitro results point to the excellent potential of Peruvian fruits for food-based strategies for complementing effective antidiabetes and antihypertension solutions based on further animal and clinical studies.