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Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Engineered Herbicide-Tolerant <i>Zoysia japonica</i>
Bae, T. W.,Vanjildorj, E.,Song, S. Y.,Nishiguchi, S.,Yang, S. S.,Song, I. J.,Chandrasekhar, T.,Kang, T. W.,Kim, J. I.,Koh, Y. J.,Park, S. Y.,Lee, J.,Lee, Y.-E.,Ryu, K. H.,Riu, K. Z.,Song, P.-S.,Lee, H Wiley (John WileySons) 2008 Journal of environmental quality Vol.37 No.1
<P>Herbicide-tolerant Zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) has been generated previously through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The genetically modified (GM) Zoysia grass survived Basta spraying and grew to maturity normally while the wild-type (WT) grass stopped growing and died. GM Zoysia grass will permit more efficient weed control for various turf grass plantings such as home lawns, golf courses, and parks. We examined the environmental/biodiversity risks of herbicide-tolerant GM Zoysia before applying to regulatory agencies for approval for commercial release. The GM and WT Zoysia grass' substantial trait equivalence, ability to cross-pollinate, and gene flow in confined and unconfined test fields were selectively analyzed for environmental/biodiversity effects. No difference between GM and WT Zoysia grass in substantial traits was found. To assess the potential for cross-pollination and gene flow, a non-selective herbicide, Basta, was used. Results showed that unintended cross-pollination with and gene flow from GM Zoysia grass were not detected in neighboring weed species examined, but were observed in WT Zoysia grass (on average, 6% at proximity, 1.2% at a distance of 0.5 m and 0.12% at a radius of 3 m, and 0% at distances over 3 m). On the basis of these initial studies, we conclude that the GM Zoysia grass generated in our laboratory and tested in the Nam Jeju County field does not appear to pose a significant risk when cultivated outside of test fields.</P>
Shon, Z.-H.,Madronich, S.,Song, S.-K.,Flocke, F. M.,Knapp, D. J.,Anderson, R. S.,Shetter, R. E.,Cantrell, C. A.,Hall, S. R.,Tie, X. Copernicus GmbH 2008 Atmospheric chemistry and physics Vol.8 No.23
<P>Abstract. The NO-NO2 system was analyzed in different chemical regimes/air masses based on observations of reactive nitrogen species and peroxy radicals made during the intensive field campaign MIRAGE-Mex (4 to 29 March 2006). The air masses were categorized into 5 groups based on combinations of macroscopic observations, geographical location, meteorological parameters, models, and observations of trace gases: boundary layer (labeled as 'BL'), biomass burning ('BB'), free troposphere (continental, 'FTCO' and marine, 'FTMA'), and Tula industrial complex ('TIC'). In general, NO2/NO ratios in different air masses are near photostationary state. Analysis of this ratio can be useful for testing current understanding of tropospheric chemistry. The ozone production efficiency (OPE) for the 5 air mass categories ranged from 4.5 (TIC) to 8.5 (FTMA), consistent with photochemical aging of air masses exiting the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. </P>
박창식,Z. H. Li,N. D. Sung,D. I. Jin,P. Q. Cong,E. S. Kim,E. S. Song,이영주 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2005 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.29 No.4
This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of washing medium, breed and washing temperature of fresh and frozen-thawed boar sperm on mitochondrial activity and membrane integrity by flow cytometry. More than 80% of fresh sperm washed with mTLP-PVA medium at 20℃ exhibited an intact membrane and a functional mitochondrion. With frozen-thawed samples, a large number of sperm showed both damaged membrane (36.4~46.9%) and nonfunctional mitochondrion (55.1~71.1%) in the mTLP-PVA and BTS washing media at 20℃. There were no breed effects of fresh and frozen-thawed sperm on mitochondrial activity and membrane integrity. The percentages of damaged membrane of fresh and frozen sperm, respectively, were higher at 4℃ washing temperature than at 20℃ washing temperature in the mTLP-PVA medium. We found that washing medium and washing temperature of fresh and frozen-thawed boar sperm were important for the analyses of mitochondrial activity and membrane integrity by flow cytometry.
CXCL10 and autoimmune diseases
Lee, E.Y.,Lee, Z.H.,Song, Y.W. Elsevier 2009 AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS Vol.8 No.5
CXCL10 is a 10 kDa protein, which is categorized functionally as a Th1-chemokine. It binds to the receptor CXCR3 and regulates immune responses through the activation and recruitment of leukocytes, such as, T cells, eosinophils, and monocytes. Recent reports have shown that serum and/or tissue expressions of CXCL10 are increased in various autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus rythematosus (SLE), Sjogren syndrome (SS), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). Moreover, CXCL10 and CXCR3 may have important roles in leukocyte homing to inflamed tissues and in the perpetuation of inflammation, and therefore, tissue damage. Our recent study shows that CXCL10 also has a pathogenic role in bone destruction via receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) induction in inflamed synovial tissue of RA. In addition to its chemotactic effect, CXCL10 may have pleiotropic functions. Further research on the function of this chemokine and interactions between CXCL10 and other cytokines and chemokines may provide therapeutic targets in various autoimmune diseases.
Time, Dose, and Volume Responses in a Mouse Pulmonary Injury Model Following Ablative Irradiation
Hong, Z. Y.,Lee, C. G.,Shim, H. S.,Lee, E. J.,Song, K. H.,Choi, B. W.,Cho, J.,Story, M. D. SPRINGER VERLAG KG 2016 Lung Vol.194 No.1
<P>Purpose We aimed to determine the time, dose, and volume responses in a mouse pulmonary injury model following ablative dose focal irradiation (ADFIR) in order to better understand normal lung injury. Methods and MaterialsADFIR was administered to the left lung of mice using a small animal micro-irradiator. Histopathological evaluation and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analyses were performed at 1, 2, 6, and 12 weeks after irradiation. Dose responses were tested at doses of 0-90 Gy in C57BL/6 and C3H/HeJCr mice at 6 weeks after irradiation. The volume effect was evaluated with 1-, 3-, and 5-mm diameter collimators at 1-4 weeks after 90-Gy irradiation. ResultsADFIR caused gross local lung injury of the inflated lung in just 1 week, with extensive hyaline material visible in the irradiated area. The fibrosing process was initiated as early as 2 weeks after irradiation. C3H and C57 mice did not show significant differences in dose response. Six weeks after irradiation, the radiation dose-response curve had a sigmoidal shape, where the lag, log, and stationary phases occurred at < 40, 50-70, and > 80 Gy, respectively. ADFIR induced substantial volume-dependent structural and functional damage to the lungs, and the volume changes of lung consolidation on micro-CT correlated inversely with lung fibrosis over time. ConclusionsWe determined the time, dose, and volume responses in our established small animal model, and found that lung injury was substantially accelerated and phenotypically different from that of prior studies using non-ablative hemi-thorax and complete thorax irradiation schemes.</P>
( Do Seon Song ),( Dong Joon Kim ),( Ji Dong Jia ),( Ashok Kumar Choudhury ),( Mamun Al Mahtab ),( Harshad Devarbhavi ),( Z Duan ),( Chen Yu ),( C E Eapen ),( Ashish Goel ),( Q Ning ),( Ke Ma ),( Y K 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1
Aims: To compare the existing various prognostic scoring models and newly proposed scores for acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and evaluate usefulness of stratification for the prediction of short-term morality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis (AH). Methods: A total of 705 clinical AH patients, enrolled in the APASL-ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) with 90-day follow-up, were analyzed. AARC-ACLF score, Maddrey discrimination function (DF) score, age, bilirubin, international normalized ratio and creatinine score (ABIC), Glasgow Alcoholic Hepatitis Score (GAHS), Child-Turcott-Pugh (CTP) score, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD), and MELD-Sodium (Na) scores were used to compare the performance for predicting 30-day and 90-day mortality. AARC-ACLF scores were categorized into three grades (Gr I: 5-7; II: 8-10; and III: 11-15 points) and survival curves by the Kaplan-Meier method were created and compared using log-rank test. Results: Of 708 patients, 286 (40.4%) and 363 (51.3%) patients died within 30 days and 90 days, respectively. The area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of AARC-ACLF, DF, ABIC, GAHS, CTP, MELD, and MELD-Na was 0.752 (0.705-0.799), 0.630 (0.575-0.685), 0.658 (0.604-0.711), 0.577 (0.523-0.631), 0.641 (0.589-0.694), 0.705 (0.653-0.756), 0.703 (0.651-0.755), respectively, for 30-day mortality. The AUC of various prognostic scores for the prediction of 90-day mortality is similar. The performance of AARC-ACLF was superior to that of DF, ABIC, GAHS, CTP, while comparable to that of MELD and MELD-Na in predicting short-term mortality. According to AARC-ACLF grades, short-term cumulative survivals was statistically different (30-day, 82.4, 70.4, and 35.3%, P<0.001; 90- day, 76.9, 56.0, and 26.4%, P<0.001). Conclusions: Compared to the previous AH prognostic scores, AARC-ACLF score and grades are simple and useful for predicting the short-term mortality in patients with AH. Further studies are needed to confirm these implications.