Insecticide susceptibility of Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) and two mosquito species, Anopheles sinensis and Culex pipiens in the Republic of Korea

Kyu-sik Chang,Chan Park,Hyun kyung Kim,E-Hyun Shin 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

Field-collected populations of mayflies, Ephemera orientalis were tested for susceptibility to 10 different insecticides using a direct-contact mortality bioassay. Ephemera orientalis subimagoes were susceptible to the insecticides chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and chlorfenapyr with LD50 values of 69.7, 78.8 and 81.9μg/♀, and adults had LD50 values of 71.9, 78.8 and 85.4μg/♀, respectively. Susceptibility ratios(SRs) of subimagoes and adults of E. orientalis to the 10 insecticides were 1.0 to1.2 folds. The mayflies showed higher susceptibility to organophosphates than to pyrethroids. The SRs of Anopheles sinensis to E. orientalis were 514 to 1,438 fold higher for organophosphates (LD50 values of 0.05 to 0.23μg/♀) and 62 to 1,155 fold higher forpyrethroids (LD50 values of 0.13 to 2.41μg/♀). The SRs of Culex pipiens to E. orientalis were 606 to 3,595 fold higher for organophosphates with LD50 values of 0.02-0.17μg/♀ and 81 to 1,365 fold higher for pyrethroids with LD50 values of 0.11- 1.83μg/♀. These results indicate that the use of ineffective insecticides will result in unsatisfactory control against field populations of the subimagoes and adults of E. orientalis. This work was supported by a research grant from the National Vector Control and Surveillance work performed by the Korean National Institute of Health.

Insecticide susceptibility of Ephemera orientalis (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae) and two mosquito species, Anopheles sinensis and Culex pipiens in the Republic of Korea

E-Hyun Shin,Chan PARK,김현경,이동규,Soon-Il Kim,Hyesook KANG,Kyu-Sik Chang 한국응용곤충학회 2011 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.14 No.3

Field-collected populations of mayflies, Ephemera orientalis were tested for susceptibility to 10 different insecticides using a direct-contact mortality bioassay. Ephemera orientalis subimagoes were susceptible to the insecticides chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion and chlorfenapyr with LD_50 values of 69.7, 78.8 and 81.9 μg/♀, and adults had LD_50 values of 71.9, 78.8 and 85.4 μg/♀, respectively. Susceptibility ratios (SRs) of subimagoes and adults of E. orientalis to the 10 insecticides were 1.0 to1.2 folds. The mayflies showed higher susceptibility to organophosphates than to pyrethroids. The SRs of Anopheles sinensis to E. orientalis were 514 to 1438 folds higher for organophosphates (LD_50 values of 0.05 to 0.23 μg/♀) and 62 to 1155 folds higher for pyrethroids (LD_50 values of 0.13 to 2.41 μg/♀). The SRs of Culex pipiens to E. orientalis were 606 to 3595 folds higher for organophosphates with LD_50 values of 0.02–0.17 μg/♀ and 81 to 1365 folds higher for pyrethroids with LD_50values of 0.11–1.83 μg/♀. These results indicate that the use of ineffective insecticides will result in unsatisfactory control against field populations of the subimagoes and adults of E. orientalis.

Sulfonated Poly(arylene sulfide sulfone nitrile) Multiblock Copolymers with Ordered Morphology for Proton Exchange Membranes

Shin, Dong Won,Lee, So Young,Lee, Chang Hyun,Lee, Kwan-Soo,Park, Chi Hoon,McGrath, James E.,Zhang, Mingqiang,Moore, Robert B.,Lingwood, Mark D.,Madsen, Louis A.,Kim, Young Taek,Hwang, Inchul,Lee, Youn American Chemical Society 2013 Macromolecules Vol.46 No.19

<P>Ordered morphologies in disulfonated poly(arylene sulfide sulfone nitrile) (SPSN) copolymers were generated via thermal annealing followed by multiblock copolymer synthesis. While SPSN random copolymers (R-SPSN) showed featureless morphologies, the SPSN multiblock copolymers (B-SPSN) exhibited cocontinuous lamellar morphologies with a center-to-center interdomain size of up to 40 nm. In spite of the well-ordered, interconnected hydrophilic domains, the water self-diffusion coefficient (e.g., <I>D</I> = (0.7–2.0) × 10<SUP>–10</SUP> m<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP>) and proton conductivity (e.g., σ = 0.16–0.20 S cm<SUP>–1</SUP> in deionized water at 30 °C) through B-SPSN were lower than those of the corresponding R-SPSN (e.g., <I>D</I> = (3.5–3.9) × 10<SUP>–10</SUP> m<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>–1</SUP> and σ = 0.21 S cm<SUP>–1</SUP>) due to the relatively lower water uptake of the B-SPSN after thermal annealing. The reduced water uptake of B-SPSN was beneficial to reduction of peroxide degradation rate. Thermal annealing produced significant gains in morphological ordering and finer control over desired membrane properties for proton conduction applications.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2013/mamobx.2013.46.issue-19/ma400889t/production/images/medium/ma-2013-00889t_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma400889t'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Genetic Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia Species in Haemaphysalis longicornis Collected from Jeju Island, Korea

Oh, Jae-Young,Moon, Bong-Chun,Bae, Bo-Kyoung,Shin, E-Hyun,Ko, Young-Hwan,Kim, Young-Joo,Park, Yong-Ho,Chae, Joon-Seok The Korean Society for Microbiology 2009 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.39 No.4

A total of 1,395 Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks collected from Jeju Island of Korea were examined by 16S rRNA gene-based nested PCR for the presence of infection with Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species. Template DNAs to detect the tick-borne pathogens were prepared from a total 506 tick pools. Eight genera of Anaplasma and six Ehrlichia by 16S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing analysis were identified. A. phagocytophilum was the most prevalent (27 [1.9%]) by nested PCR, followed by A. bovis (5 [0.4%]), E. chaffeensis (4 [0.2%]), and A. centrale (1 [0.1%]). In the phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequences, eight genera of Anaplasma group (> 99.4% homology) and six Ehrlichia group (> 99.5% homology) were close to deposited A. marginale strains (AF309867, AF414874, and FJ226454) and Ehrlichia sp. (DQ324547), respectively. Three Anaplasma species groups A. phagocytophilum (group A), A. bovis (group B), and A. centrale (group C) and one Ehrlichia species E. chaffeensis (group D) were determined by comparing with Anaplasma and Ehrlichia related sequences. First, twenty-eight A. phagocytophilum clones belonging to group A were divided into 7 genotypes. The sequence similarity among genotypes A1 to A4 was very high (> 99.6%). Genotype B2 was close to A. bovis from Korea (99.7%). Genotype D1 was close to known E. chaffeensis strains (M73222, AF147752, and AY350424) and their similarity value was 99.7%. In conclusion, the genera of Anaplasma/Ehrlichia, A. phagocytophilum, and E. chaffeensis identified in predominant H. longicornis ticks were ubiquitous throughout the Jeju Island. The various native groups have been found through sequence identities and phylogenetic analysis.

Involvement of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β in Palmitate-Induced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell Apoptosis

Choi, Sung-E.,Kang, Yup,Jang, Hyun-Ju,Shin, Ha-Chul,Kim, Hyo-Eun,Kim, Hyo-Soo,Kim, Hae Jin,Kim, Dae Jung,Lee, Kwan-Woo S. Karger 2007 Journal of vascular research Vol.44 No.5

<P><I>Background/Aims:</I> The death of endothelial cells may play a critical role in the development of various vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. While free fatty acids (FFAs) may stimulate endothelial apoptosis, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this effect have not been studied intensively. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in FFA-induced endothelial cell apoptosis, we investigated the effect of different pharmacological inhibitors on palmitate-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Interestingly, lithium, a glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor, showed a strong protective effect. <I>Methods and Results:</I> To examine the involvement of GSK-3β in palmitate-induced HUVEC apoptosis, its dephosphorylation at Ser<SUP>9</SUP> and enzymatic activation in response to palmitate treatment were monitored by immunoblotting and in vitro kinase assays, respectively. GSK-3β was dephosphorylated and its enzymatic activity increased in palmitate-treated HUVECs. In addition, pretreatment with other GSK-3β inhibitors, e.g. SB216763 or TDZD-8, as well as adenoviral transduction with a catalytically inactive GSK-3β had significant protective effects against palmitate-induced HUVEC apoptosis. <I>Conclusion:</I> These results demonstrate that the GSK-3β signalling pathway is involved in palmitate-induced HUVEC apoptosis.</P><P>Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

Fast Cyclic Square-Wave Voltammetry To Enhance Neurotransmitter Selectivity and Sensitivity

Park, Cheonho,Oh, Yoonbae,Shin, Hojin,Kim, Jaekyung,Kang, Yumin,Sim, Jeongeun,Cho, Hyun U.,Lee, Han Kyu,Jung, Sung Jun,Blaha, Charles D.,Bennet, Kevin E.,Heien, Michael L.,Lee, Kendall H.,Kim, In Youn American Chemical Society 2018 ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY - Vol.90 No.22

<P>Although fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) has been widely used for in vivo neurochemical detection, the sensitivity and selectivity of the technique can be further improved. In this study, we develop fast cyclic square-wave voltammetry (FCSWV) as a novel voltammetric technique that combines large-amplitude cyclic square-wave voltammetry (CSWV) with background subtraction. A large-amplitude, square-shaped potential was applied to induce cycling through multiple redox reactions within a square pulse to increase sensitivity and selectivity when combined with a two-dimensional voltammogram. As a result, FCSWV was significantly more sensitive than FSCV (<I>n</I> = 5 electrodes, two-way ANOVA, <I>p</I> = 0.0002). In addition, FCSWV could differentiate dopamine from other catecholamines (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine) and serotonin better than conventional FSCV. With the confirmation that FCSWV did not influence local neuronal activity, despite the large amplitude of the square waveform, it could monitor electrically induced phasic changes in dopamine release in rat striatum before and after injecting nomifensine, a dopamine reuptake inhibitor.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Obesity phenotype and cardiovascular changes

Park, Juri,Kim, Seong H.,Cho, Goo-Yeong,Baik, Inkyung,Kim, Nan H.,Lim, Hong E.,Kim, Eung J.,Park, Chang G.,Lim, Sang Y.,Kim, Yong H.,Kim, Hyun,Lee, Seung K.,Shin, Chol Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2011 Journal of Hypertension Vol.29 No.9

OBJECTIVE: Healthy obese phenotype with favorable metabolic profiles is proposed. However, whether healthy obesity leads to target organ changes is controversial. We investigated the impact of a healthy obesity on cardiovascular structure and function. METHODS: A total of 2540 participants without known cardiovascular disease were enrolled. According to BMI and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) component, the participants were divided into six groups: healthy (none of five MetS components) normal weight (BMI <23 kg/m), unhealthy (one or more of five MetS components) normal weight, healthy overweight (BMI 23–24.9 kg/m), unhealthy overweight, healthy obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m), and unhealthy obesity. The cardiovascular changes were assessed by echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), carotid ultrasonography, and pulse wave velocity (PWV). RESULTS: In a multivariate analysis after adjusting for age, sex, heart rate, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and medication for hypertension and diabetes mellitus, the unhealthy overweight and obese groups showed statistically significant changes in the left ventricular mass index, mitral E/A ratio, E/Ea ratio, TDI Ea velocity, common carotid artery intima–media thickness (CCA-IMT), and brachial-ankle PWV (P < 0.001), compared with the healthy normal weight individuals. In the healthy overweight and obese groups, CCA-IMT and brachial-ankle PWV values were similar, but left-ventricular mass index and TDI Ea velocity were significantly different (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Healthy obesity was associated with subtle changes in left ventricular structure and function. These data provide evidence that metabolically healthy phenotypes with excess weight may not be a benign condition.

Repellency of cassia bark, eucalyptus, and star anise oils and their major constituents to Leptotrombidium pallidum (Acari: Trombiculidae).

Shin, E-Hyun,Song, Bong Gu,Lee, Il Hee,Park, Mi Yeoun,Ahn, Young-Joon,Chang, Kyu-Sik Entomology Dept., B.P. Bishop Museum 2013 Journal of medical entomology Vol.50 No.3

<P>Leptotrombidium pallidum (Nagoya, Miyagawa, Mitamura & Tamiya) is a primary vector of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Hyashi), the causative agent of scrub typhus. An assessment is made of the repellency to L. pallidum larvae (chiggers) of cassia bark, eucalyptus, and star anise oils and major constituents (E)-cinnamaldehyde, 1,8-cineole, and (E)-anethole of the corresponding oils. Results were compared with those of conventional repellents DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), IR3535 [(ethyl 3-[acetyl(butyl)amino]propanoate)], and permethrin. Based on the median repellent concentration (RC50) values, (E)-cinnamaldehyde, (E)-anethole, cassia bark oil, and star anise oil (RC50, 0.95-1.52 mg/cm2) exhibited significantly more potent repellency than DEET (3.85 mg/cm2). (E)-cinnamaldehyde, (E)-anethole, cassiabark oil, 1,8-cineole, and star anise oil were approximately 43, 16, 11, 8, and 4 times more effective than IR3535 (CC5, 6.51%) as judged by the median climbing distance-disturbing concentration (CC50) values. The median residual duration time of repellency (RT50) was significantly more pronounced in DEET (RT50, 323 min) than in all essential oils and constituents (108-167 min). In the light of global efforts to reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic repellents, the three essential oils and their major constituents described merit further study as potential biorepellents for the control of L. pallidum populations.</P>

Resistance of field-collected populations of Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae) to insecticides in the Republic of Korea

E-Hyun SHIN,Nam-Jin Kim,김현경,Chan Park,이동규,안용준,Kyu-Sik Chang 한국응용곤충학회 2012 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.15 No.1

Toxicities of 10 insecticides were examined against late third instars of Culex pipiens pallens, the northern house mosquito, using a direct-contact mortality bioassay. Several strains of mosquitoes were tested (insecticide-susceptible KS-CP strain and five geospatially distant field-collected strains (DG-CP, US-CP, BSCP,GS-CP, and SG-CP)) and identified by polymerase chain reaction. Marked regional variations of insecticide susceptibility were observed. Extremely high to low levels of resistance were measured: bifenthrin, resistance ratio (RR)=1–521; β-cyfluthrin, RR=16–397; α-cypermethrin, RR=9–343; deltamethrin, RR=1–40;etofenprox, RR=2–42; permethrin, RR=3–46; chlorpyrifos, RR=2–675; fenitrothion, RR=0.5–364; and fenthion, RR=2–360. All strains were susceptible to one or more of the insecticides examined. These results indicate that careful selection and rotational use of these insecticides may result in continued satisfactory control against field populations of northern house mosquitoes.

A New Synonym of Anopheles (Anopheles) pullus Yamada, 1937 -A. (A.) yatsushiroensis Miyazaki, 1951

Shin, E-Hyun,Hong, Han-Kee 한국곤충학회 2001 Entomological Research Vol.31 No.1

According to the extensive morphological observations of eggs and adult progenies of Anopheles pullus and A. yatsushiroensis, we identified A. yatsushiroensis as a synonym of A. pullus. Morphological characters of eggs hatched from wild caught females of A. pullus and A. yatsushiroensis were identical. The female progenies of each species showed the same characteristics at palpus and the typical wing types of contraspecies and intermediate wing types. A. pullus produced four types of wing varieties in their progenies, such as, without pale fringe spot on 5.2 vein and spical wing fringe, with pale fringe spot on 5.2 vein only, with apical pale fringe spot only, and with pale spots on both 5.2 vein and apical wing fringe.