Factors Affecting the Performance of Vietnamese Commercial Banks: Does Basel II Matter?

Duy Khang LE,Thi Minh Nhan TRAN,Van Diep NGUYEN 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.3

This paper examines the main factors affecting the bank performance under the Basel II implementation in Vietnam, a transitional economy in Asia. We pay special attention to the implementation duration of the Basel II convention and how it affects profitability. Thereby, we can evaluate the effectiveness of Basel II in the whole system according to the roadmap to 2020. We employ the panel data regression method to analyze a sample of 300 bank-year observations from 25 commercial banks during the 2008–2019 period. Our empirical findings show that the size of the bank, net interest margin, state ownership, and Basel II convention have positive effects on bank profitability. However, our empirical findings indicate that bank age and branch number negatively reduce bank performance. Finally, our results indicate that commercial banks earn extra profit from delaying the implementation of Basel II. However, commercial banks will encounter higher credit, and operational risks arising from delaying the implementation of Basel II standards. Therefore, our study contributes to the insights into the bank’s management to enhance profitability, especially after implementing Basel II in a transitional economy. Finally, our study also provides policy implications for bank managers and banking supervisory to maintain the sustainable development of the banking system.

Genetic diversity and herbicide resistance of 15 Echinochloa crus-galli populations to quinclorac in Mekong Delta of Vietnam and Arkansas of United States

Le, Duy,Nguyen, Chon M.,Mann, Richard K.,Yerkes, Carla N.,Kumar, Bobba V.N. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2017 식물생명공학회지 Vol.44 No.4

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is one of the worst weeds in rice (Oryza sativa), but there are few reports about the genetic diversity and herbicide resistance of barnyardgrass in Vietnam. In this study, we used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and greenhouse testing to study the genetic diversity and quinclorac resistance levels of 15 Echinochloa crus-galli populations in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and the state of Arkansas, U.S. The quinclorac resistance of Echinochloa crus-galli populations in Vietnam was confirmed; 9 populations were resistant to quinclorac with R/S ratios ranging from 1.9 to 6.3. Six oligonucleotide primers produced a total of 55 repeatable bands of which 46 were polymorphic (83.3% average) among the 15 populations. Genetic distance was calculated, and cluster analysis separated the 15 populations into 2 main clusters with the genetic distances within the clusters ranging from 0.09 to 0.39. The two main clusters were divided into 7 subclusters, and the quinclorac resistant and susceptible populations were located randomly within each subcluster. Six out of 13 weed populations from Vietnam belonged to one cluster and a single Echinochloa species. The remaining 7 populations were identified as potentially different species in the Echinochloa genus. Nine Echinochloa populations from Vietnam were tested and identified as quinclorac resistant. The connection between quinclorac resistance levels and weed groups defined by RAPD analysis in the study is unclear; the quinclorac resistance of each resistant population could have evolved individually, regardless of differences in genetic diversity and location of the sampled populations.

Scenarios of the China’s ADIZs above the South China Sea

Le Duy Tran (사) 이준국제법연구원 2016 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.9 No.1

Even though no international legal instrument explicitly provides the right for States to establish ADIZs, such zones have been unilaterally declared since the 1950s. China’s ADIZ above the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands - a disputed area in the East China Sea and her recent activities in disputed maritime features in the South China Sea have given rise to concerns about other ADIZs that Beijing may possibly establish above this area. In that context, this paper ventures to draw some potential ADIZs, which may be established by China above the South China Sea, and predicts diplomatic and legal reactions from other States.

Improving p-to-n transition and detection range of bimodal hydrogen-sensitive nanohybrids of hole-doped rGO and chemochromic Pd-decorated-MoO₃ nanoflakes

Duy, Le Thai,Lee, Gyuyeon,Kim, Jinseo,Ahn, Byungmin,Cho, In Sun,Yu, Hak Ki,Seo, Hyungtak Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.774 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Detection of hydrogen (H<SUB>2</SUB>) over a wide concentration range (from parts-per-million levels to 4%) is necessary for safety in using hydrogen-fuel cell systems. For this purpose, our development of H<SUB>2</SUB> sensitive nanohybrids of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and chemochromic palladium-decorated molybdenum trioxide (Pd:MoO<SUB>3</SUB>) nanoflakes is presented. Additionally, the nanohybrids were employed as the active channel in a thin film transistor platform to invest informative characteristics for understanding their electrical properties and sensing mechanism. Through sensing measurements, (i) phenomena relating to response saturation and reversed behavior of gas sensors towards high exposure doses (i.e., p-to-n transition) and (ii) doping effects on the p-to-n transition and detection range of the hybrid materials are clarified. With combining electrical and visual output signals, the bimodal devices using the hole-doped nanohybrids can detect H<SUB>2</SUB> over a wide concentration range (from 10 ppm to over 10%) at room temperature. Our results reveal opportunities for further development and improvement of hybrid nanomaterials and chemical sensors having a large sensing capability.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Our nanohybrids have two sensing capabilities towards hydrogen. </LI> <LI> Transistor sensors provide information for understanding phenomena and mechanism. </LI> <LI> Effect of hole-doping on the detection range is explored. </LI> <LI> The bimodal sensors can detect hydrogen from 10 ppm to over 10%. </LI> <LI> Transition from p-to n-type behavior of the nanohybrid can cause its response saturation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Efficacy of RinskorTM (florpyrauxifen-benzyl ester) on Herbicide Resistant Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in Rice Fields of Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Le Duy,Nguyen M. Chon,Richard K. Mann,Bobba V. N. Kumar,Mauricio A. Morell 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.1

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) seed samples were collected in rice fields in different locations at Mekong delta in Vietnam for herbicide resistance tests. The ALS-resistant and synthetic auxin-resistant E. crus-galli were confirmed at several locations in the Mekong Delta. The average LD90 value of bispyribac, penoxsulam and quinclorac for assessed weed populations was 33.1, 15.1 and 550.2 g a.i.ha-1 respectively. There were cross resistant barnyardgrass populations to bispyribac and penoxsulam, the LD90 value of the two ALS inhibitors for E. crus-galli was positively correlated at R2=0.39, the cross resistant population was 33.3% of total sample. The correlation analysis was not useful to evaluate the multiple resistance between quinclorac and the two ALS inhibitors, the R2 value was lower than 0.05, however, the percentage of multiple resistance weed was 36.2% of population. There was no cross resistance or multiple resistance among the 3 tested herbicides and the new synthetic auxin herbicide RinskorTM. All tested weed samples, including quinclorac-resistant populations, were effectively controlled by RinskorTM. There was no difference between control from RinskorTM in the different herbicide resistant populations. Average LD90 value of RinskorTM in all tested barnyardgrass was 17.1 g a.i ha-1.

Bioinspired pH- and Temperature-Responsive Injectable Adhesive Hydrogels with Polyplexes Promotes Skin Wound Healing

Le, Thai Minh Duy,Duong, Huu Thuy Trang,Thambi, Thavasyappan,Giang Phan, V.H.,Jeong, Ji Hoon,Lee, Doo Sung American Chemical Society 2018 Biomacromolecules Vol.19 No.8

<P>Despite great potential, the delivery of genetic materials into cells or tissues of interest remains challenging owing to their susceptibility to nuclease degradation, lack of permeability to the cell membrane, and short in vivo half-life, which severely restrict their widespread use in therapeutics. To surmount these shortcomings, we developed a bioinspired in situ-forming pH- and temperature-sensitive injectable hydrogel depot that could control the delivery of DNA-bearing polyplexes for versatile biomedical applications. A series of multiblock copolymer, comprised of water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and pH- and temperature-responsive poly(sulfamethazine ester urethane) (PSMEU), has been synthesized as in situ-forming injectable hydrogelators. The free-flowing PEG-PSMEU copolymer sols at high pH and room temperature (pH 8.5, 23 °C) were transformed to stable gel at the body condition (pH 7.4, 37 °C). Physical and mechanical properties of hydrogels, including their degradation rate and viscosity, are elegantly controlled by varying the composition of urethane ester units. Subcutaneous administration of free-flowing PEG-PSMEU copolymer sols to the dorsal region of Sprague-Dawley rats instantly formed hydrogel depot. The degradation of the hydrogel depot was slow at the beginning and found to be bioresorbable after two months. Cationic protein or DNA-bearing polyplex-loaded PEG-PSMEU copolymer sols formed stable gel and controlled its release over 10 days in vivo. Owing to the presence of urethane linkages, the PEG-PSMEU possesses excellent adhesion strength to wide range of surfaces including glass, plastic, and fresh organs. More importantly, the hydrogels effectively adhered on human skin and peeled easily without eliciting an inflammatory response. Subcutaneous implantation of PEG-PSMEU copolymer sols effectively sealed the ruptured skin, which accelerated the wound healing process as observed by the skin appendage morphogenesis. The bioinspired in situ-forming pH- and temperature-sensitive injectable adhesive hydrogel may provide a promising platform for myriad biomedical applications as controlled delivery vehicle, adhesive, and tissue regeneration.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

A generation step using piezoelectric ceramics materials to harvest energy from human walking

Le Duy Khoa,Jong Il Yoon,Cheon Kim,Kyoung Kwan AHN 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

Piezoelectric generators work based on a piezoelectric effect which is understood as the electromechanical interaction between the mechanical and electrical states in crystalline materials with inversion asymmetry. The aim of this paper is to explore energy harvesting characteristics of lead free piezo-ceramics during human walking. First, piezoelectric responses of a ceramic transducer were examined using a controllable pneumatic actuator, which was fabricated to generate mechanical forces desired. According to a predesigned mode, generated power was determined by characterizing the relationship between the output voltage and applied force. Second, based on the observed data, a nonlinear black box model (NBBM) representing for the piezo ceramic material was constructed by applying a mathematical model called nonlinear autoregressive exogressive model (NARX). Next, the results of the above steps were used for a study of energy harvesting from human walking. In human walking process, ground reaction force is the main motive source which pushes people forward. Due to the unique characteristic, piezo-ceramic sheets are suggested to be attached below the footwear to absorb the reaction force for energy generating purpose. In this study, human locomotion was modeled as an inverted pendulum and the ground reaction force is considered as the input for the designed piezo ceramic model, by then total power scavenging can be estimated. The simulation results show that an electric power from 25 mW to 40 mW could be generated from human motion when the footwear is equipped with piezo ceramic sheets.

Distributed Interference Management in Two-Tier CDMA Femtocell Networks

Duy Trong Ngo,Long Bao Le,Le-Ngoc, T.,Hossain, E.,Dong In Kim IEEE 2012 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vol.11 No.3

<P>This paper proposes distributed joint power and admission control algorithms for the management of interference in two-tier femtocell networks, where the newly-deployed femtocell users (FUEs) share the same frequency band with the existing macrocell users (MUEs) using code-division multiple access (CDMA). As the owner of the licensed radio spectrum, the MUEs possess strictly higher access priority over the FUEs; thus, their quality-of-service (QoS) performance, expressed in terms of the prescribed minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), must be maintained at all times. For the lower-tier FUEs, we explicitly consider two different design objectives, namely, throughput-power tradeoff optimization and soft QoS provisioning. With an effective dynamic pricing scheme combined with admission control to indirectly manage the cross-tier interference, the proposed schemes lend themselves to distributed algorithms that mainly require local information to offer maximized net utility of individual users. The approach employed in this work is particularly attractive, especially in view of practical implementation under the limited backhaul network capacity available for femtocells. It is shown that the proposed algorithms robustly support all the prioritized MUEs with guaranteed QoS requirements whenever feasible, while allowing the FUEs to optimally exploit the remaining network capacity. The convergence of the developed solutions is rigorously analyzed, and extensive numerical results are presented to illustrate their potential advantages.</P>

What Influences Decision on Seasoned Equity Offerings of Listed Vietnamese Companies?

LE, Long Hau,NGUYEN, Thi Binh Nhi,PHAM, Xuan Quynh,VUONG, Quoc Duy,LE, Tan Nghiem Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.5

This paper investigates the determinants on decision to conduct seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) of listed companies on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange in Vietnam. Seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) are defined as the issue of more stocks by a firm to raise more capital after a primary issue. Using panel data collected from audited financial statements of 99 listed companies on the Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange during 2014-2018, the study employs a logit regression model by fixed effects method to examine factors that affect the decision to implement seasoned equity offerings of those companies. The findings of this study show that profit, revenue growth and company's size have a positively significant impact on the decision, while dividend pay-out ratio negatively significantly influences the equity issuing decision. Furthermore, these results are robust after controlling for the forms of equity offerings, i.e. bonus stocks, stock dividends and rights to buy shares. These findings are consistent with economic theories such as agency theory, pecking order theory, and growth opportunity theory, and also could be explained by the real situations of the Vietnamese stock exchange. This study has important implications for corporate managers, policy makers and investors.

Design of characteristic parameters for controlling tungsten tip profile during electrochemical etching

Duy-Cuong Le,DUONGTHANH HUNG,김현철 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.5

Micro/nano-scale tungsten tips fabricated by electrochemical etching have many diverse industrial applications. The characteristic parametersof the tungsten tip profile include apex radius, taper angle, and aspect ratio. These parameters are governed by many factorsincluding applied voltage, concentration of the electrolyte (potassium hydroxide) solution, and diameter of the inner gold ring. However,a systematic investigation with the aim of determining the best conditions for fabricating micro/nano-scale tips with desired profiles hasnot been carried out yet. This study is aimed at obtaining controllable tungsten tip profiles—particularly with respect to the radius ofcurvature and aspect ratio of tips (taper angle)—by altering the experimental conditions. A series of experiments were executed and theresults were aggregated and analyzed using response surface methodology in order to identify the relationships between the tungsten tipcharacteristics and input parameters. The method proposed herein would prove to be suitable for a variety of applications in industriesthat require tungsten tips with a specific profile.