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The Role of the Campus Outdoor Environment on University Student Mental Health
Mallory Koning(Mallory Koning ),김준현(Jun-Hyun Kim),Fatemeh Saeidi-Rizi(Fatemeh Saeidi-Rizi ),Noah Durst(Noah Durst ) 인간식물환경학회 2022 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.25 No.3
Background and objective: The mental health and wellness of university students has been a pressing concern in recentyears in the US and is becoming an even larger issue due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Numerous studies have supportedthe idea that the natural environment can have a positive impact on mental health, but only a few studies focus on the roleof university outdoor campus environments on student's mental health. The main purpose of this study is to investigatethe correlations between university student mental health and their campus's outdoor environment. Methods: An online survey was designed and distributed to students at Michigan State University, USA. Students wereasked questions about their overall mental well-being, as well as questions about their environmental perceptions, outdooractivity, views to nature through windows and safety concerns regarding their outdoor campus environment. Results: The major findings indicate a significant difference in mental health scores for windows in living quarters, wherestudents with living quarter windows had better mental health scores (MHS) than students without living quarter windows. This study also found a marginally significant difference in MHS for students with classroom windows. Other results of thisstudy include a significant difference in MHS for students' perception of safety on campus, outdoor work time, andperception of greenspace on campus. Conclusion: Future campus planner, landscape architects, university planners, and student counselors will use this studyto determine what kinds of outdoor spaces should be created and used to improve the well-being of students.
Brooke Shevela,김준현,Noah Durst 인간식물환경학회 2022 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.25 No.2
Background and objective: The industrial crisis in Michigan, USA calls for the redevelopment of abandoned industrial sitesinto functioning public spaces. Neglected spaces have negative impacts on the surrounding communities, promotingaesthetic, safety, economic, and environmental issues. The purpose of this study was to explore and discuss the possibleredevelopment of an underused site, with particular focus on its industrial site elements; quantitative measures were thenapplied to determine redevelopment's effects on the nearby community. Methods: The Michigan Central Station in Detroit, Michigan, USA was selected as a case study. Landscape performanceresearch methods were applied to quantitatively analyze the environmental, social, and economic benefits of reclaimingthis abandoned industrial site and its various elements. Results: The findings show that implementing the case study redesign would result in positive environmental impacts. These impacts include expanded areas of ecologically valuable land, a reduction in sulfur dioxide, and increases in carbonsequestration, retained stormwater, and the use of recycled contents. The case study redevelopment project would impactthe surrounding economic context through savings on water treatment costs obtained from the use of retainedstormwater, increased property values, and job creation. Furthermore, the redesign would also impact social aspects byincreasing the available gathering spaces and public open areas and enhancing safety by adding sidewalks and bike lanes. Conclusion: The findings of this study will help designers and planners recognize the value of reusing existing industrialsites instead of undertaking harmful demolition processes, eventually leading to more sustainable community designs.
Applying Ecological Principles of Design for Restoring Brownfields: A Case Study in River Rouge, MI
Andreea Bodea,김준현,Wonmin Sohn,Noah Durst 인간식물환경학회 2023 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.26 No.5
Background and objective: Failing industrial cities have left behind a legacy of social, economic, and environmental decline. The aftermath includes cities that have experienced departing residents, decaying infrastructure, and urban blight. Althoughthere are many contributing factors to degradation, for cities such as Detroit, MI, much of its infrastructure has become vacant,and due to previous heavy industrial use, some of the lots have turned into brownfields. This research aims to create adesign guideline for revitalizing industrial vacant lands or brownfields through the application of ecological design principles. Methods: By adopting a case study approach, this research focuses on safely reconstructing the economic, social, andenvironmental health of communities by creating an ecological design matrix based on the landscape ecology principles ofdesign; and applying those elements to the 80" Hot Mill company, located in River Rouge, MI, United States. Additionally,a landscape performance assessment was conducted to evaluate the benefits of the proposed planning and outcomesregarding environmental, social, and economic aspects. Results: Following the creation of a master plan, the post-design metrics show positive environmental outputs such as thereduction of carbon sequestration, air pollution elements, waste from the site, and an increase in the retention ofstormwater. The social impacts measured showed favorable outcomes which included visual quality, safety features, theaddition of recreational and gathering spaces, as well as bike lanes and pedestrian walking paths. Economically,improvements have been seen in stormwater maintenance costs and energy savings. Conclusion: The findings from this research aim to help future designers and planners in implementing ecological designprinciples in order to optimize the restoration processes of brownfields and vacant lands.
Choi, In-Chul,Lee, Dong-Hyun,Ahn, Byungmin,Durst, Karsten,Kawasaki, Megumi,Langdon, Terence G.,Jang, Jae-il Elsevier 2015 Scripta materialia Vol.94 No.-
<P>A Mg–Zn–Zr alloy was processed by high-pressure torsion for up to 2 turns at room temperature to produce significant grain refinement together with enhanced plasticity and strength. Measurements were performed to determine the strain-rate sensitivity, shear yield strength and activation volume as a function of the processing conditions. The results suggest there is a significant contribution from grain boundary sliding to the flow process and the onset of plasticity is associated with heterogeneous dislocation nucleation.</P>
Jordan R. Conger,Avery J. Evans,Dale Ding,Daniel M. Raper,Robert M. Starke,Christopher R. Durst,Kenneth C. Liu,Mary E. Jensen 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2016 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.18 No.2
Objective:Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is commonly performed prior to surgical resection in order to reduce intraoperative bleeding and improve the safety of resection. Although most modern embolization procedures utilize permanent embolic agents, silk suture and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles may offer unique advantages for preoperative devascularization. The aims of this retrospective cohort study are to describe the technical considerations and determine the outcomes for preoperative silk suture and PVA particle embolization (SPE) of AVMs. Materials and Methods:We performed a retrospective review of our AVM embolization database. AVM patients who underwent preoperative SPE and subsequent surgical resection were included for analysis. Baseline patient demographics, AVM characteristics, embolization and operative records, and post-treatment outcomes were reviewed. Results:A total of 11 patients who underwent 12 preoperative SPE procedures were included for analysis. Five AVMs were ruptured (45%), and the median nidus volume was 3.0 cm3 (range: 1.3-42.9 cm3). The Spetzler-Martin grade was I-II in seven patients (64%) and III-IV in four patients (36%). The degree of nidal obliteration was less than 25% in two procedures (17%), 25-50% in one procedure (8%), 50-75% in eight procedures (67%), and greater than 75% in one procedure (8%). The rates of post-embolization AVM hemorrhage and mortality were 8% and 0%, respectively. The postoperative angiographic obliteration rate was 100%, and the modified Rankin Scale score improved or stable in 91% of patients (median follow-up duration 2 months). Conclusion:Preoperative AVM SPE affords a reasonable risk to benefit profile for appropriately selected patients.
Kim, Ho Bang,Schaller, Hubert,Goh, Chang-Hyo,Kwon, Mi,Choe, Sunghwa,An, Chung Sun,Durst, Francis,Feldmann, Kenneth A,Feyereisen, Ren? American Society of Plant Physiologists 2005 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - Vol.138 No.4
<P>CYP51 exists in all organisms that synthesize sterols de novo. Plant CYP51 encodes an obtusifoliol 14alpha-demethylase involved in the postsqualene sterol biosynthetic pathway. According to the current gene annotation, the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains two putative CYP51 genes, CYP51A1 and CYP51A2. Our studies revealed that CYP51A1 should be considered an expressed pseudogene. To study the functional importance of the CYP51A2 gene in plant growth and development, we isolated T-DNA knockout alleles for CYP51A2. Loss-of-function mutants for CYP51A2 showed multiple defects, such as stunted hypocotyls, short roots, reduced cell elongation, and seedling lethality. In contrast to other sterol mutants, such as fk/hydra2 and hydra1, the cyp51A2 mutant has only minor defects in early embryogenesis. Measurements of endogenous sterol levels in the cyp51A2 mutant revealed that it accumulates obtusifoliol, the substrate of CYP51, and a high proportion of 14alpha-methyl-delta8-sterols, at the expense of campesterol and sitosterol. The cyp51A2 mutants have defects in membrane integrity and hypocotyl elongation. The defect in hypocotyl elongation was not rescued by the exogenous application of brassinolide, although the brassinosteroid-signaling cascade is apparently not affected in the mutants. Developmental defects in the cyp51A2 mutant were completely rescued by the ectopic expression of CYP51A2. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the Arabidopsis CYP51A2 gene encodes a functional obtusifoliol 14alpha-demethylase enzyme and plays an essential role in controlling plant growth and development by a sterol-specific pathway.</P>