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( Alana Nevares ),( Jorge Morales ),( Nikhil Chadha ),( James Dorman ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술발표논문집 Vol.2014 No.1
Toxic Leukoencephalopathy refers to a spectrum of leukoencephalopathies caused by iatrogenic, drug, hypoxic or infectious insults to the white matter. “Chasing the Dragon” refers to the inhalation of heated heroin fumes. Case presentation: A 31 year old gentleman with no past medical history after loss of consciousness followed by unresponsiveness for 3 hours, after his fi rst time of having “chased the dragon”, was admitted to ICU with respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, recovered and returned to normal functioning within one week. Behavior was at his baseline for 2 weeks after discharge, followed by sudden onset odd behavior. On exam he was alert, but apathetic; he was mute with inappropriate smiling and following simple commands. He had functional urinary-fecal incontinence, symmetric hyperrefl exia in lower extremities and upgoing toes. HIV, syphilis, b12 defi ciency, high sedimentation rate were ruled out. Cerebrospinal fl uid showed elevated protein level. Electroencephalogram showed diffuse slowing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse bilateral cerebral periventricular and deep and subcortical white matter high T2/FLAIR signal intensities. At 5-weeks follow up, he was talkative and coherent, with adequate affect. Cognitive Linguistic Quick Test 8-weeks after discharge, demonstrated mild attention, moderate memory and severe executive functions impairment, normal language and moderate Clock Drawing Severity Rating. Discussion: Post-hypoxic and “Chasing the Dragon” leukoencephalopathies are among the unique causes of delayed-onset toxic leukoencephalopathies. Onset usually occurs 1-3 weeks after the insult as in this patient, who developed the akinetic-mutism form of DPHL and lacked the primarily cerebellar/ataxic syndrome typical of HL. MRI fi ndings were diffuse and lacked the predominantly posterior and cerebellar distribution of HL, supporting the diagnosis of DPHL. As in our patient, most people with DPHL will improve within 3 to 12 months, but impaired attention and executive functions usually persist.
Safety Culture: A Retrospective Analysis of Occupational Health and Safety Mining Reports
Tetzlaff, Emily J.,Goggins, Katie A.,Pegoraro, Ann L.,Dorman, Sandra C.,Pakalnis, Vic,Eger, Tammy R. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2021 Safety and health at work Vol.12 No.2
Background: In the mining industry, various methods of accident analysis have utilized official accident investigations to try and establish broader causation mechanisms. An emerging area of interest is identifying the extent to which cultural influences, such as safety culture, are acting as drivers in the reoccurrence of accidents. Thus, the overall objective of this study was to analyze occupational health and safety (OHS) reports in mining to investigate if/how safety culture has historically been framed in the mining industry, as it relates to accident causation. Methods: Using a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software, 34 definitions of safety culture were analyzed to highlight key terms. Based on word count and contextual relevance, 26 key terms were captured. Ten OHS reports were then analyzed via an inductive thematic analysis, using the key terms. This analysis provided a concept map representing the 50-year data set and facilitated the use of text framing to highlight safety culture in the selected OHS mining reports. Results: Overall, 954 references and six themes, safety culture, attitude, competence, belief, patterns, and norms, were identified in the data set. Of the 26 key terms originally identified, 24 of them were captured within the text. The results made evident two distinct frames in which to interpret the data: the role of the individual and the role of the organization, in safety culture. Conclusion: Unless efforts are made to understand and alter cultural drivers and share these findings within and across industries, the same accidents are likely to continue to occur.
( Eun Sun Son ),( Jiim Lee ),( Derek T. Armstrong ),( Sangnae Cho ),( Laura E. Via ),( Clifton E. Barry ),( Susan E. Dorman ),( Moses L. Joloba ),( Jong Seok Lee ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.116 No.-
For Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), phenotypic methods for drug susceptibility testing (DST) to second-line drugs are poorly standardized and technically challenging. The Sensititreⓡ MYCOTB MIC plate (``MYCOTB``) is a microtitre plate containing lyophilized antibiotics and configured for determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations to first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. To evaluate performance of MYCOTB for Mtb DST using the Middlebrook 7H10 agar proportion method (APM) as the comparator. We conducted a two-site study using archived Mtb isolates from Uganda and the Republic of Korea. Thawed isolates were subcultured and dilutions were inoculated into MYCOTB wells and onto 7H10 agar. MYCOTB results were read at days 7, 10, 14, 21; APM results were read at 21 days. 222 isolates provided results on both platforms. Agreement between MYCOTB and APM with respect to ``susceptible`` or ``resistant`` was ≥92% for 7 of 12 drugs when a strict definition was used, and ≥96% for 10 of 12 drugs when agreement was defined allowing for a ± one-well dilution around the APM critical concentration. For ethambutol, agreement was 80-81%. For moxifloxacin, agreement was 83-85%; incorporating existing DNA sequencing information for discrepant analysis raised agreement to 91-96%. For MYCOTB, median time to plate interpretation was 10 days and inter-reader agreement was ≥95% for all drugs. MYCOTB provided reliable results for Mtb DST to first- and second- line drugs except ethambutol, and results were available faster than for APM. For Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), phenotypic methods for drug susceptibility testing (DST) to second-line drugs are poorly standardized and technically challenging. The Sensititreⓡ MYCOTB MIC plate (``MYCOTB``) is a microtitre plate containing lyophilized antibiotics and configured for determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations to first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. To evaluate performance of MYCOTB for Mtb DST using the Middlebrook 7H10 agar proportion method (APM) as the comparator. We conducted a two-site study using archived Mtb isolates from Uganda and the Republic of Korea. Thawed isolates were subcultured and dilutions were inoculated into MYCOTB wells and onto 7H10 agar. MYCOTB results were read at days 7, 10, 14, 21; APM results were read at 21 days. 222 isolates provided results on both platforms. Agreement between MYCOTB and APM with respect to ``susceptible`` or ``resistant`` was ≥92% for 7 of 12 drugs when a strict definition was used, and ≥96% for 10 of 12 drugs when agreement was defined allowing for a ± one-well dilution around the APM critical concentration. For ethambutol, agreement was 80-81%. For moxifloxacin, agreement was 83-85%; incorporating existing DNA sequencing information for discrepant analysis raised agreement to 91-96%. For MYCOTB, median time to plate interpretation was 10 days and inter-reader agreement was ≥95% for all drugs. MYCOTB provided reliable results for Mtb DST to first- and second- line drugs except ethambutol, and results were available faster than for APM.
Uniform Large-Area Free-Standing Silver Nanowire Arrays on Transparent Conducting Substrates
Feng, Yuyi,Kim, Kwang-Dae,Nemitz, Clayton A.,Kim, Paul,Pfadler, Thomas,Gerigk, Melanie,Polarz, Sebastian,Dorman, James A.,Weickert, Jonas,Schmidt-Mende, Lukas The Electrochemical Society 2016 Journal of the Electrochemical Society Vol.163 No.8
<P>Arrays of silver nanowires have received increasing attention in a variety of applications such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), plasmonic biosensing and electrode for photoelectric devices. However, until now, large scale fabrication of device-suitable silver nanowire arrays on supporting substrates has seen very limited success. Here we show the synthesis of free-standing silver nanowire arrays on indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated glass by pulsed electrodeposition into anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. We use an in situ oxygen plasma cleaning process and a sputtered Ti layer to enhance the adhesion between the template and ITO glass. An ultrathin gold layer (2 nm) is deposited as a nucleation layer for the electrodeposition of silver. An unprecedented high level of uniformity and control of the nanowire diameter, spacing and length has been achieved. The absorption measurements show that the free-standing silver nanowire arrays possess tunable plasmonic resonances.</P>
ON THE POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF TWO GROUND-LEVEL ENHANCEMENT EVENTS
Firoz, Kazi A.,Moon, Y.-J.,Park, S.-H.,Kudela, K.,Islam, Jamal N.,Dorman, Lev I. IOP Publishing 2011 The Astrophysical journal Vol.743 No.2
<P>We have carried out a case study on the possible mechanism of ground-level enhancement (GLE) occurrence. For this, we have considered two GLE events (GLE69 and GLE70) and scrutinized their relationships with simultaneous soft/hard X-rays as well as solar energetic particle (SEP) fluxes of different energy bands. Although most of the energy bands of the flares maintain strong correlations (r >= 0.8) with the GLEs, depending only on this evidence we could not precisely imply that GLEs can be caused by solar flares. So, we have attempted to understand possible relativistic energies of the GLEs, which have been determined by availing the relativistic traversing time and velocities of the particles along the nominal path of Archimedean spiral magnetic field lines. Results suggest that the energy released from accelerated particles in high-energy (gamma-ray) solar flares might sometimes cause the GLE. We found that during hard X-ray flares <= 7MeV, the relativistic energy (<= 0.23 GeV) of GLE69 was much less than 1 GeV whereas during SEP flares >30 MeV the possible relativistic energy of GLE69 amounts to similar to 2.78 GeV, and this makes us believe that GLE69 might be caused by the energy released from particle accelerations in high-energy solar flares. On the contrary, during hard X-ray (<= 7 MeV) as well as gamma-ray solar flares (>30 MeV) the relativistic energy of GLE70 amounts to <=similar to 0.35 GeV, indicating that the GLE70 was presumably not caused by the released energy from accelerated particles in the solar flare. Alternatively, the released energy from particle accelerations in solar radio emission type II burst concomitant coronal-mass-ejection-driven shocks seems to have been responsible for causing the GLE70.</P>