재래한우의 보존을 위한 혈청 및 혈구단백질의 유전적 다형현상

한상기(S . K . Han),윤희섭(H . S . Yoon),정의룡(E . Y . Chung),신유철(Y . C . Shin),변희대(H . D . Byun) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Biochemical polymorphisms of five red cell and semen proteins, Hemoglobin(Hb), Transferrin(Tf), Post-transferrin 2(Ptf2), Post-albumin(Pa) and Albumin(Alb) as genetic markers in Korean cattle were analyzed by Starch and Polyacryamide gel electrophoresis and their phenotypes, genotypes and gene frequencies were estimated in order to analysis the genetic constitution of Korean native cattle population. In the Hemoglobin(Hb) locus four different phenotypes AA, AB, BB and CH were observed and assumed to be controlled by four different alleles designated Hb^A, Hb^B, Hb^C and Hb^H, and the Hb^H type was rare variant of Korean native cattle. The observed distribution of phenotypes were 73.37% for AA type, 23.37% for AB type. 2.72% for BB type and 0.54%r for CH type. Gene frequencies of Hb^A, Hb^B, Hb^C and Hb^H were 0.8505, 0.1440, 0.0027 and 0.0027. Semen Transfetrin(Tf) locus, 11 different phenotypes AA, AD₁, AD₂, AE, AH, D₁D₁, D₁D₂, D₁E, D₂H, D₂D₂, D₂E, EE and EH type were identified, which considered to be controlled by codominant alleles TF,^A Tf^D, Tf^D, Tf^E and Tf^H at a single locus. The frequencies of Tf genotypes AD₁, D₁E, D₁D₂, D₂E, AA, AE, D₁D₂, AD₂, D₁D₁, EE, AH, D₂H and EH were found to be 16.30, 13.33, 11.85, 10.37, 9.69, 8.15, 7.41, 9.63, 5.93, 4.44, 1.48, 0.74 and 0.01%, respectively. Gene frequencies of TF^A, Tf^(D1) Tf^(D2) and Tf^H were 0.2741, 0.2704, 0,2333, 0.2074 and 0.0148, respectively. And TfH gene were newly identified in Korean native cattle. Considering Post-transterrin 2 locus, three different phenotypess FF, FS and SS were identified, which considers to he controlled by two alleles Ptf^F and Ptf^S at a single autosomal locus. The frequencies of Rf genotypes FS, FF and SS were found to be 51.06. 36.88 and 12.06%n, respectively and gene frequencies of Ptf^F and Ptf^S were 0.6241 and 0.3759. In the Postalbumin(Pa) locus, three different phenotypes FF, FS and SS type were observed to be genetically controllled by Pa^F and Pa^S gene. And genotypes frequencies FS. FF amd SS type were 48.65, 36.(H and 1_5.32%, respectively. The gene frequencies of Pa^F and Pa^S were 0.6036 and 0.3964. The Albumin(Alb) locus were observed to lack any individual variation. Therefore, this locus were defined to be monomorphic. In comparison of genetic distance and dendogram calculated from the gene frequencies, close relationship was obtained between the Japanese cattle and the Korean cattle.

Enhanced H₂ fermentation of organic waste by CO₂ sparging

Kim, D.H.,Shin, H.S.,Kim, S.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.37 No.20

This study aimed to improve the productivity of dark fermentative hydrogen production from organic waste. An anaerobic sequencing batch reactor was used for hydrogen fermentation and it was fed with food waste (VS 4.4 +/- 0.2% containing 27 g carbohydrate-COD/L) at various CO<SUB>2</SUB> sparging rates (40-120 L/L/d), hydraulic retention times (HRTs; 18-42 h), and solid retention times (SRTs; 18-160 h). CO<SUB>2</SUB> sparging increased the H<SUB>2</SUB> productivity by 5-36% at all the examined conditions, confirming the benefit of the replacement of headspace gas by CO<SUB>2</SUB>. The maximum H<SUB>2</SUB> production was obtained by CO<SUB>2</SUB> sparging at 80 L/L/d, resulting in the H<SUB>2</SUB> productivity of 3.18 L H<SUB>2</SUB>/L/d and the H<SUB>2</SUB> yield of 97.3 mL H<SUB>2</SUB>/g VS<SUB>added</SUB>. Increase of n-butyrate and isopropanol yields were concurrent with the enhanced H<SUB>2</SUB> yield by CO<SUB>2</SUB> sparging. Acidogenic efficiency, the sum of H<SUB>2</SUB>, organic acid, and alcohol, in the CO<SUB>2</SUB>-sparged reactor ranged from 47.9 to 56.0%, which was comparable to conventional acidogenesis. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed that both CO<SUB>2</SUB> sparging and CO<SUB>2</SUB> removal were beneficial for H<SUB>2</SUB>-producing reactions, but CO<SUB>2</SUB> sparing has more profound effect than CO<SUB>2</SUB> removal on inhibiting H<SUB>2</SUB>-consuming reactions.

Urinary concentration of transforming growth factor-&bgr;-inducible gene-h3(&bgr;ig-h3) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Cha, D. R.,Kim, I. S.,Kang, Y. S.,Han, S. Y.,Han, K. H.,Shin, C.,Ji, Y. H.,Kim, N. H. Blackwell Science Ltd 2005 Diabetic medicine Vol.22 No.1

<P>Abstract</P><P>Aims </P><P>The expression of TGF&bgr;-inducible gene h3(&bgr;ig-h3) has been used to assess the biological activity of TGF&bgr; in the kidney. In this study, we investigated whether the urinary concentration of &bgr;ig-h3 is associated with diabetic nephropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We also evaluated the relationship between the urinary concentration of &bgr;ig-3 and proteinuria and microalbuminuria (AER) in a normal healthy population and in Type 2 diabetes patients.</P><P>Methods </P><P>Four hundred and seventy-nine Type 2 diabetic patients without non-diabetic kidney diseases and 528 healthy control subjects were enrolled. The study subjects were divided into five groups: a non-diabetic healthy control group with normal ACR (<I>n</I> = 443), a non-diabetic healthy control group with microalbuminuria (<I>n</I> = 85), a normoalbuminuric diabetic group (<I>n</I> = 198), a microalbuminuric diabetic group (<I>n</I> = 155) and an overt proteinuria group (<I>n</I> = 126). Urinary levels of &bgr;ig-h3 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</P><P>Results </P><P>(i) Urinary excretion of &bgr;ig-h3 was significantly higher in the diabetic groups than in the controls, even in the normoalbuminuric stage (25.02 ± 8.84 vs. 18.67 ± 6.56, <I>P</I> = 0.03). In diabetic patients, urinary &bgr;ig-h3 levels increased significantly as diabetic nephropathy advanced (25.02 ± 8.84 vs. 34.06 ± 24.55 vs. 169.63 ± 57.33, <I>P</I> < 0.001). (ii) Proteinuria was found to be significantly correlated with urinary &bgr;ig-h3 (healthy control; <I>r</I> = 0.137, <I>P</I> = 0.019, diabetic patients; <I>r</I> = 0.604, <I>P</I> < 0.001). ACR was also found to be significantly related with urinary &bgr;ig-h3 in diabetic patients (<I>r =</I> 0.383, <I>P</I> = 0.006). (iii) In diabetic patients, urinary &bgr;ig-h3 was significantly related with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (systolic blood pressure: <I>r</I> = 0.436, <I>P</I> = 0.024; diastolic blood pressure, <I>r</I> = 0.365, <I>P</I> = 0.042), total cholesterol and HbA<SUB>1c</SUB> (cholesterol: <I>r</I> = 0.169, <I>P</I> = 0.03, HbA<SUB>1c</SUB>; <I>r</I> = 0.387, <I>P</I> = 0.044). Logistic regression analyses showed that urinary &bgr;ig-h3 was associated with a significant increase in the risk of microalbuminuria and proteinuria in diabetic patients.</P><P>Conclusions </P><P>Longitudinal monitoring of urinary &bgr;ig-h3 may improve the likelihood of detecting diabetic nephropathy at an earlier stage and &bgr;ig-h3 could be a sensitive marker of diabetic kidney disease progression.</P>

RF 스위치 적용을 위한 박막 PZT 엑추에이터의 d<SUB>31</SUB> 구동과 d<SUB>33</SUB> 구동 특성 비교

신민재(M. J. Shin),서영호(Y. H. Seo),최두선(D-S. Choi),황경현(K-H. Hwang) 한국정밀공학회 2006 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.5월

In this work, we present the comparison between d<SUB>31</SUB> and d<SUB>33</SUB> mode characterization using the PZT micro-actuator for large displacement. The PZT micro-actuator consisted of Si, PZT, and Pt layer on SOI wafer. The electrode shapes were laminated and interdigitated for d<SUB>31</SUB> and d<SUB>33</SUB> mode, respectively. In order to characterize the actuation mode, we measured the displacement using laser interferometer. The maximum displacement of d<SUB>31</SUB> mode was 12.2㎛ at 10V, the actuation characterization of d<SUB>31</SUB> was better than that of d<SUB>33</SUB> mode. We estimated that displacement of d<SUB>33</SUB> mode would be larger than that of d<SUB>31</SUB> above 30V.

Peroxiredoxin II promotes hepatic tumorigenesis through cooperation with Ras/Forkhead box M1 signaling pathway

Park, Y-H,Kim, S-U,Kwon, T-H,Kim, J-M,Song, I-S,Shin, H-J,Lee, B-K,Bang, D-H,Lee, S-J,Lee, D-S,Chang, K-T,Kim, B-Y,Yu, D-Y Macmillan Publishers Limited 2016 Oncogene Vol.35 No.27

<P>The current study was carried out to define the involvement of Peroxiredoxin (Prx) II in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the underlying molecular mechanism(s). Expression and function of Prx II in HCC was determined using H-ras(G12V)-transformed HCC cells (H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells) and the tumor livers from H-ras(G12V)-transgenic (Tg) mice and HCC patients. Prx II was upregulated in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells and H-ras(G12V)-Tg mouse tumor livers, the expression pattern of which highly similar to that of forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1). Moreover, either knockdown of FoxM1 or site-directed mutagenesis of FoxM1-binding site of Prx II promoter significantly reduced Prx II levels in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells, indicating FoxM1 as a direct transcription factor of Prx II in HCC. Interestingly, the null mutation of Prx II markedly decreased the number and size of tumors in H-ras(G12V)-Tg livers. Consistent with this, knockdown of Prx II in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells reduced the expression of cyclin D1, cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and tumor formation in athymic nude mice, whereas overexpression of Prx II increased or aggravated the tumor phenotypes. Importantly, the expression of Prx II was correlated with that of FoxM1 in HCC patients. The activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway and the expression of FoxM1 and cyclin D1 were highly dependent on Prx II in H-ras(G12V)-HCC cells and H-ras(G12V)-Tg livers. Prx II is FoxM1-dependently- expressed antioxidant in HCC and function as an enhancer of Ras(G12V) oncogenic potential in hepatic tumorigenesis through activation of ERK/FoxM1/cyclin D1 cascade.</P>

Implication of intracellular ROS formation, caspase-3 activation and Egr-1 induction in platycodon D-induced apoptosis of U937 human leukemia cells

Shin, D.Y.,Kim, G.Y.,Li, W.,Choi, B.T.,Kim, N.D.,Kang, H.S.,Choi, Y.H. Masson Pub. USA, Inc 2009 BIOMEDICINE AND PHARMACOTHERAPY Vol.63 No.2

Platycodon D is a major constituent of triterpene saponins found in the root of Platycodon grandiflorum, Platycodi Radix, which is widely used in traditional Oriental medicine for the treatment of many chronic inflammatory diseases. The results of previous studies have shown that this compound has in vitro growth-inhibitory activity in human cancer cells, however, the mechanism by which this action occurs is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of platycodon D on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and evaluated the association of these effects with apoptotic tumor cell death using a human leukemic U937 cell line. The results of this study demonstrate that platycodon D mediates ROS production, and that this mediation is followed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨ<SUB>m</SUB>), activation of caspase-3, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Both the cytotoxic effects and apoptotic characteristics induced by platycodon D treatment were significantly inhibited by z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 inhibitor, which demonstrates the important role that caspase-3 plays in the observed cytotoxic effect. Additionally, the transcription factor early growth response-1 (Egr-1) gene was transcriptionally activated and the levels of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) protein were elevated in platycodon D-treated U937 cells. However, the quenching of ROS generation in response to treatment with a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, reversed the platycodon D-induced apoptosis effects via inhibition of Egr-1 activation, ROS production, MMP collapse, and the subsequent activation of caspase-3. Although further studies are needed to demonstrate that increased expression of Egr-1 by platycodon D leads directly to NAG-1 induction and subsequent apoptosis, our observations clearly indicate that ROS induced through Egr-1 activation are involved in the early molecular events involved in the platycodon D-induced apoptotic pathway.

Follow-Up Study on CDX1 and CDX2 mRNA Expression in Noncancerous Gastric Mucosae After Helicobacter pylori Eradication

Shin, C. M.,Kim, N.,Chang, H.,Kim, J. S.,Lee, D. H.,Jung, H. C. Plenum Pub. Corp 2016 Digestive diseases and sciences Vol.61 No.4

<P>Changes in CDX1/CDX2 in gastric mucosae following Helicobacter pylori eradication have not been clarified yet. To evaluate the changes in CDX1/CDX2 expression after H. pylori eradication, in relation to the reversibility of intestinal metaplasia (IM). Time course of CDX1/CDX2 expressions was investigated in 176 subjects with various gastroduodenal disorders. Among them, 132 patients were H. pylori positives; H. pylori were eradicated in 107 of them; 13 failed to eradicate; and 12 did not receive H. pylori eradication therapy. Forty-four subjects were H. pylori negatives. Expression levels in CDX1 and CDX2 from noncancerous gastric mucosae of the corpus, as well as the histologic findings of gastric mucosae, were evaluated during the follow-up. Average follow-up duration was 33.7 months (range 2-97 months). Expression levels in both CDX1 and CDX2 mRNAs were correlated with IM grade in the corpus (rho = 0.633 and 0.554, respectively, all P < 0.001). Changes in CDX1/CDX2 mRNA expressions following H. pylori eradication showed only insignificant results; IM grade at the antrum and corpus showed a tendency to decrease after H. pylori eradication without statistical significance (P > 0.05). However, histologic improvement of IM at the corpus was associated with a decrease in CDX2 mRNA expression during the follow-up (linear mixed model, P for slope = 0.015). In this study, eradication of H. pylori did not show any beneficial effects on aberrant CDX1/CDX2 expressions or IM. Reversibility of IM may be associated with a decrease in CDX2 mRNA expression.</P>

Display of membrane proteins on the heterologous caveolae carved by caveolin-1 in the Escherichia coli cytoplasm

Shin, J.,Jung, Y.H.,Cho, D.H.,Park, M.,Lee, K.E.,Yang, Y.,Jeong, C.,Sung, B.H.,Sohn, J.H.,Park, J.B.,Kweon, D.H. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2015 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.79 No.-

Caveolae are membrane-budding structures that exist in many vertebrate cells. One of the important functions of caveolae is to form membrane curvature and endocytic vesicles. Recently, it was shown that caveolae-like structures were formed in Escherichia coli through the expression of caveolin-1. This interesting structure seems to be versatile for a variety of biotechnological applications. Targeting of heterologous proteins in the caveolae-like structure should be the first question to be addressed for this purpose. Here we show that membrane proteins co-expressed with caveolin-1 are embedded into the heterologous caveolae (h-caveolae), the cavaolae-like structures formed inside the cell. Two transmembrane SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins, Syntaxin 1a and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), were displayed on the h-caveolae surface. The size of the h-caveolae harboring the transmembrane proteins was ~100nm in diameter. The proteins were functional and faced outward on the h-caveolae. Multi-spanning transmembrane proteins FtsH and FeoB could be included in the h-caveolae, too. Furthermore, the recombinant E. coli cells were shown to endocytose substrate supplemented in the medium. These results provide a basis for exploiting the h-caveolae formed inside E. coli cells for future biotechnological applications.

Tat-PRAS40 prevent hippocampal HT-22 cell death and oxidative stress induced animal brain ischemic insults

Shin, M.J.,Kim, D.W.,Jo, H.S.,Cho, S.B.,Park, J.H.,Lee, C.H.,Yeo, E.J.,Choi, Y.J.,Kim, J.A.,Hwang, J.S.,Sohn, E.J.,Jeong, J.H.,Kim, D.S.,Kwon, H.Y.,Cho, Y.J.,Lee, K.,Han, K.H.,Park, J.,Eum, W.S.,Choi, Pergamon ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE Vol.97 No.-

Proline rich Akt substrate (PRAS40) is a component of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and is known to play an important role against reactive oxygen species-induced cell death. However, the precise function of PRAS40 in ischemia remains unclear. Thus, we investigated whether Tat-PRAS40, a cell-permeable fusion protein, has a protective function against oxidative stress-induced hippocampal neuronal (HT-22) cell death in an animal model of ischemia. We showed that Tat-PRAS40 transduced into HT-22 cells, and significantly protected against cell death by reducing the levels of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> and derived reactive species, and DNA fragmentation as well as via the regulation of Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase 3 expression levels in H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> treated cells. Also, we showed that transduced Tat-PARS40 protein markedly increased phosphorylated RRAS40 expression levels and 14-3-3σ complex via the Akt signaling pathway. In an animal ischemia model, Tat-PRAS40 effectively transduced into the hippocampus in animal brain and significantly protected against neuronal cell death in the CA1 region. We showed that Tat-PRAS40 protein effectively transduced into hippocampal neuronal cells and markedly protected against neuronal cell damage. Therefore, we suggest that Tat-PRAS40 protein may be used as a therapeutic protein for ischemia and oxidative stress-induced brain disorders.

Vitamin D Is Required for IFN- -Mediated Antimicrobial Activity of Human Macrophages

Fabri, M.,Stenger, S.,Shin, D.-M.,Yuk, J.-M.,Liu, P. T.,Realegeno, S.,Lee, H.-M.,Krutzik, S. R.,Schenk, M.,Sieling, P. A.,Teles, R.,Montoya, D.,Iyer, S. S.,Bruns, H.,Lewinsohn, D. M.,Hollis, B. W.,Hew American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2011 Science translational medicine Vol.3 No.104

<P>Control of tuberculosis worldwide depends on our understanding of human immune mechanisms, which combat the infection. Acquired T cell responses are critical for host defense against microbial pathogens, yet the mechanisms by which they act in humans remain unclear. We report that T cells, by the release of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), induce autophagy, phagosomal maturation, the production of antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidin, and antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in human macrophages via a vitamin D-dependent pathway. IFN-γ induced the antimicrobial pathway in human macrophages cultured in vitamin D-sufficient sera, but not in sera from African-Americans that have lower amounts of vitamin D and who are more susceptible to tuberculosis. In vitro supplementation of vitamin D-deficient serum with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 restored IFN-γ-induced antimicrobial peptide expression, autophagy, phagosome-lysosome fusion, and antimicrobial activity. These results suggest a mechanism in which vitamin D is required for acquired immunity to overcome the ability of intracellular pathogens to evade macrophage-mediated antimicrobial responses. The present findings underscore the importance of adequate amounts of vitamin D in all human populations for sustaining both innate and acquired immunity against infection.</P>