경주마의 혈액형에 관한 연구 3 . 혈청 Prealbumin 의 유전적 다형

한상기,정의용,강희일 ( S . K . Han,E . Y . Chung,H . I . Kang ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.11

The purpose of the present paper was to report genetic constitution of genetic variants o1 serum prealbumin(Pr) locus in Korean racing horse populaltion by starch gel electrophoresis. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows: 1. The prealbumin locus was controlled by four codominant autosomal multiple alleles, designated Pr^F, Pr^I, Pr^L and Pr^S. 2. The prealbumins were classified into nine phenotypes, FF, FL, FS, II, IL, IS, LL, LS and SS. However, the heterozygous phenotype FI was not observed. In the distribution of phenotypes, Pr LL type was the most common allele(66.42%). Secondarily, Pr II type was 13.87%, and all the other types were less than 5 %. 3. The frequencies of the Pr^L, Pr^I, Pr^F and Pr^S alleles were 0.726. 0.157, 0.044 and 0.073. respectively. Therefore, gene frequency of Pr^L allele was highly predominant.

유단백질의 다형이 세균성 유방염에 미치는 영향

한상기,장경진,정의용 ( S . K . Han,K . J . Chang,E . Y . Chung ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Gene frequencies of milk protein from 185 Holstein-Friesian cattle (107 normal milk and 78 mastitis milk) in Korea were determined by means of starch gel electrophoresis for αs₁-casein, β-casein, K-casein, and β-lactoglobulin variants and relationships between these genetic variants and bacterial mastitis were investigated. Gene frequencies of the milk protein loci of Holstein-Friesian cattle in Korea are fairly similar to those of previous reports. In mastitis milk, however, frequency of β-lactoglobulin B (0.699) was exceptionally higher than that of β-lactoglobulin A (0.373). The other protein loci showed generally the same appearance between normal and mastitis milk. In the analysis of relationship between genetic polymorphisms and bacterial mastitis, the β-lactoglobulin system alone indicated significant appearance of phonotypes differences. Homozygous β-lactoglobulin BB in mastitis milk was approximately 16% higher than that of normal milk, However, homozygous β-lactoglobulin AA and heterosygous AB had lower percentage (approximately 8%) than those of normal milk. From these results, it may suggest that β-lactoglobulin A gene has a stronger resistance to the bacterial mastitis than β-lactoglobulin B gene and homozygous β-lactoglobulin BB pheonotype has low resistance in bacterial mastitis. No significant differences were found in the other protein loci analyzed.

한국꿩의 생화학적 다형현상에 관한 연구 2 . 혈청효소 및 단백질의 유전적 다형현상

한상기(S . K . Han),신유철(Y . C . Shin),박양수(Y . S . Park) 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.2

In these studies, the phenotypes and gene frequencies of serum enzymes(amylase and alkaline phosphatase) and serum proteins(transferrin, albumin and slow α₂-globulin) were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis from the data obtained for the identification of the genetic characteristics in Korean pheasants and their protection and prolilferation. In the amylase locus, three different phenotypes AA, AB and BB were identified and assumed to be controlled by two autosomal alleles designated AMY^A and AMY^B. The phenotype distributions were 171, 83 and 14 for AA, AB and BB types, respectively. The gene frequencies of AMY^A and AMY^B were 0.7929 and 0.2071, respectively. In the alkaline phosphatase locus, three different phenotypes FF, FS and SS were recognized. The observed distributions of phenotypes were 59, 151 and 69 for FF, FS and SS, respectively. The gene frequencies of ALP^F and ALP^S were 0.5179 and 0.44821, respectively. In the transferrin locus, 3 phenotypes were recognized and assumed to be controlled by two codominant alleles deginated Tf^A and Tf^B. The observed distribution of phenotypes were 5 for AA type, 113 and 198 for AB and BB types. The gene frequencies of Tf^A and Tf^B were 0.1946 and 0.8054, respectively. In the albumin locus, genetic variants were not observed. In the slow α₂-globulin locus, AB and BB types were recognized in wild populations but the AA type was not observed. The gene frequencies of Sα₂^A and Sα₂^B were 0.0047 and 0.9953, respectively.

경주마의 혈액형에 관한 연구 1 . 혈청 Transferrin 의 유전적 다형

한상기,정의용,강희일 ( S . K . Han,E . Y . Chung,H . I . Kang ) 한국축산학회 1986 한국축산학회지 Vol.28 No.7

This experiment was carried out to estimate phenotypes and gene frequencies in genetic variant of transferrin(tf) system in serum proteins from total 137 individuals racing horses reared in Korea by means of starch gel electrophoresis, and thus to get fundamental data for the improvement of racing horses by pedigree registry using blood type. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. At the present time, serum Tf types in horses are controlled by 11 alleles, named Tf^A(Tf^D), Tf^B(Tf^(F1), Tf^(F2) and Tf^(F3)), Tf^G, Tf^C(Tf^(H1) and Tf^(H2)), Tf^J, Tf^M, Tf^D(Tf^O), and Tf^E(Tf^R). In Korean racing horse population, however, Tf types were shown to be controlled by five codominant autosomal alleles, Tf^A, Tf^B Tf^C, Tf^D and Tf^E, and alleles Tf^(F3), Tf^G, Tf^J and Tf^M were not recognized. 2. In the Tf system 13 phenotypes(5 homozygote and 8 heterozygote), AA, BB, CC, DD, EE, AB, AD, AE, BC, BE, CD, CE and DE were classified. However, heterozygous Tf phenotype AC was not found. The distribution of Tf phenotypes was Tf BB type 33.58%. Tf AB type 28.47% and Tf AA type 10.95%. All the other phenotypes were lower than 10%. The expected numbers of phenotypes were in good agreement with the observed numbers 3. The frequencies of the five alleles Tf^A, Tf^B, Tf^C, Tf^D and Tf^E were 0.296, 0.544, 0.029, 0.073 and 0.058, respectively. Therefore, gene frequencies indicate that Tf^B was the most common allele and, secondarily, Tf^A gene. The Tf^C, Tf^D and Tf^E showed low gene frequency. These results were stikingly similar to the data reported in Thoroughbred and Anglo-Arab breeds.

한우의 Albumin ( Alb ) 형 및 Post - albumin ( Pa ) 형에 관한 연구

한상기,이기만 ( S . K . Han,K . M . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Albumin and post albumin types in korean cattle were investigated by means of starch gel electrophoresis. 1) The distribution of Alb phenotypes in 108 korean cattle was Alb-AA type 105 and Alb-AB type 3. The Alb BB type has not yet been reconiged in korean cattle. The gene frequencies were Alb^A=0.986 and AIb^B=0.014. The gene Alb^C and Alb^B, which have not been reconiged in european cattle, were found at relatively high frequencies in formosan yellow cattle, at low frequencies in korean cattle, and very rare in a Japanese breed. According to these results it is supposed that Japanese native cattle originated from korean cattle, and these two breeds might have been somehow influenced by yellow cattle. 2) The distribution of Pa phenotypes in 107 korean cattle was Pa-AA type 9, Pa-AB type 49 and Pa-BB type 49. The gene frequencies were Pa^A=0.313 and Pa^B=0.687.

한우 및 Holstein 의 Hemoglobin 형에 관한 연구

한상기,이기만 ( S . K . Han,K . M . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Hemoglobin samples of 108 Korean cattle and 60 holstein were studied by starch gel electrophoresis. Genetic polymorphism of hemoglobins was established in korean cattle and holstein. 1) Hemoglobin types from 108 korean cattle and 60 holstein were as follows: 86 of Hb-AA, 18 of Hb-AB, 3 of Hb-AC, 1 of Hb-BB in korean cattle and 60 of Hb-AA in holstein. 2) These figures correspond to the frequencies: Korean cattle was Hb^A=0.895, Hb^B=0.071, Hb^C=0.014 and holstein was Hb^A=1.000. Phenotypes Hb-AA and Hb-AB had the highest frequencies in korean cattle, whereas Hb-BBand Hb-Ac occur very rarely and the homozygote HbCC and Hb-BC were not recognized.

PCR - RFLP 기법을 이용한 젖소 유전적 개량을 위한 선발도구로서 β- lactoglobulin 좌위의 유전자형 분석

정의룡(E . R . Chung),김우태(W . T . Kim),한상기(S . K . Han) 한국축산학회 1994 한국축산학회지 Vol.36 No.6

Genotypes of the β-lactoglobulin(β-LG) locus as a generic marker linked to quantitative trait loci affecting traits of economic importance in dairy cattle were determined by the PCR-RFLP or AFLP method. Genomic DNA was prepared from blood of Holstein cows. The PCR was used to amplify a 262 by region between nucleotides 367 and 629 from exon IV to intron N of the bovine β-LG gene using forward primer(GTCCTTGTGCTGACACCGACTACA-3`) and reverse primer(CAGGACACCGGCTCCTGGTATATGA-3`). After amplification, PCR products were digested with Hae III restriction enzyme, and the fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis for RFLP or AFLP analysis of β-LG locu s. RFLP specific for the β-LG A and B alleles were identified with the Hae III restriction enzyme. The β-LG AA genotypes produced two fragments of 109 and 153bp and the BB genotypes three fragments of 109, 79 and 74bp. The AB genotypes showed the intermediate pattern. Thus, PCR amplification and RFLP analysis was shown to be a rapid and sensitive method for the discrimination of β-LG genotypes directly at the DNA level in dairy cattle of any age or sex. Consequently, the PCR-RFLP or AFLP method presented in this study can be used as a valuable tool for early selection of A1 bulls and calves with the desirable β-LG gene or BB genotype affecting superior milk production traits for genetic improvement of dairy cattle.

제주재래마의 보존을 위한 혈청 단백질 및 효소의 유전적 다형현상

한상기(S . K . Han),정의룡(E . Y . Chung),신유철(Y . C . Shin),변희대(H . D . Byun) 한국축산학회 1995 한국축산학회지 Vol.37 No.1

Biochamical polymoiphisms of four serum proteins (Albumin(Alb), Vitamin D binding protein(Gc). Postalbumin(Pa) and Esterase(Es)) in Cheju native. horse were analyzed as genetic markers by electrophoresis and their phenotype, genotype and gene frequencies were estimated in order to determine the genetic structure of Cheju native horses. In the Albumin(Alb) locus, three different phenotypes FF, SS and FS were recognized and assumed to be controlled by two autosomal codominant alleles designated AIb^F and Alb^S. The observed distribution of phenotypes were 59.32% for FS type, 25.42% for SS type and 15.25% for FF type. Gene frequencies of Alb^F and Alb^S were 0.4491 and 0.5509, respectively. In the Vitamin D-binding protein(Gc) locus, two different phenotypes, FF and FS, were obsened and assumed to be controlled by two autosomal codominant alleles designated Gc^F and Gc^S whereas the SS type was not recognized. The frequencies of genotype FF, and SS, were found to be 92.19 and 7.81%, respectively and gene frequencies of Gc^F and Gc^S were 0.9609 and 0.0391. In the Post-albumin(Pa) locus, two different phenotypes, FF and FS, were identified, which were considered to be controlled by means of two codominant alleles and at a single autosomal locus, but the SS type was not recognized. The distribution of phenotypes were 98.44% for FF type, 1.04% for FS, and gene frequencies of Pa^F and Pa^S were 0.9948 and 0.00.52, respectivety. In the Esterase(Es) locus, four different phenotypes were identified and assumed to be controlled by alleles designated Es^F, Es^I, Es^S and Es^O. The observed distribution of phenotypes FI, II, IS, FS, FF, SS and 00 were 41.78, 30.18, 26.00, 18.00, 14.46, 5.60 and 1.43, respectively. Gene frequencies of Es^I, Es^F, Es^S and Es^Owre 0.4643, 0.3214, 0.2000 and 0.0143 respectively. In comparison of genetic distance and dendogram calculated from the gene frequencies, the most close relationship was obtained between the Cheju and Kiso horses and the lowest genetic similarity was obtained between the Cheju and Arabian horses.

한우개량을 위한 유단백질의 유전적 다형현상에 관한 연구

한상기(S . K . Han),정의용(E . Y . Chung),양교석(K . S . Yang),신유철(Y . C . Shin) 한국축산학회 1991 한국축산학회지 Vol.33 No.2

Genetic polymorphisms of milk proteins, αs₁-casein (αs₁-CN) β-casein (β-CN), k-casein (k- CN) and β-lactoglobulin (β- LG), in milk samples from 175 Korean native cattle were analyzed by using starch gel elec-trophoresis. Their genotype and gene frequencies were estimated and their genetic relationships with other breeds were compared by using genetic distance and dendogram. The results obtained were summarized as fallows ; 1. Three genetic variants each were identified at αs₁-CN (BB, BC, and CC), k-CN (AA. AB and BB) and β-LG (AA, BB and BB) and nine genetic variants (A¹A¹, A²A², A¹A², A¹A⁴, A²A⁴, BA¹, BA², BA⁴ and BB) existed at β-CN. 2. Genotype distributions of the milk protein loci were as fallows: αs₁-CN BB 76% BC 21.1%, CC 2.9% β-CN A²A²40%, A¹A²38.3%, BA²11.4%, A¹A¹3.4%,, A²A⁴2.9%, BA¹1.7%, A¹A⁴1.1%, BA⁴0.6%, BB 0.6%, k-CN AB 52%, AA 37.1%, BB 10.9%, β-LG BB 76%, AB 23.4%, AA 0.6%. The distributions of genotypes in each milk protein locus were corresponded closely to expectations of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. 3. Gene frequencies of the milk protein loci were: αs₁-CN^B 0.866, αs₁-CN^C 0.134; β-CN^A2 0.660, β-CN^A1 0.235, β-CN^B 0.080, β-CN^A4 0.025: k-CN^A 0.631. k-CN^B 0.369; β-LG^A 0.877, β-LG^B 0.123. 4. From the analysis of` the genetic distance values and the dendogram drawn from the genetic distances matrix, the results indicate that there was a close relationship between Korean native cattle and Japanese native cattle, especially Japanese Brown. Consequently, it is supposed that Japanese native cattle originated from Korean native cattle.

육우의 유전적 표식로서 유단백질의 다형현상에 관한 연구

정의용(E . R . Chung),류충현(C . H . Yu),정호영(H . Y . Chung),김지은(J . E . Kim),전기준(K . J . Chun),한상기(S . K . Han),신유철(Y . C . Shin) 한국축산학회 1993 한국축산학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Milk protein polymorphisms of as,-casein (αS₁-CN), β-casein (β-CN), κ-casein (κ-CN) and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) loci as genetic markers for three imported beef cattle breeds (86 Angus, 92 Hereford and 32 Charolais) in Korea were analyzed by electrophoresis. On the basis of the marker genotype and gene frequencies at these polymorphic loci, the genetic structure of each breed population was analyzed, and the genetic variability within population was quantified, then the genetic relationships among breeds were determined. As for the marker gene and genotypes of each milk protein polymorphic locus, three genotypes, BB, BC and CC, controlled by two alleles (αS₁-CN^B and αS₁-CN^C) at αS₁-CN locus, tcn genotypes, A¹A¹, A¹A², A²A², A¹B, A²B, BB, A¹C, A²C. BC and CC, controlled by four alleles (β-CN^(A1), β-CN^(A2), β-CN^B and β-CN^C at β-CN locus, three genotypes. AA, AB and BB, controlled by two alleles (κ-CN^A and κ-CN^B) at κ-CN locus and three genotypes. AA, AB and BB. controlled by two alleles (β-LG^A and β-LG^B) at β-LG locus were identified among breeds. For the αS₁-CN locus the BB was the most common type (over 80%) in all three breeds. In the β-CN locus the prevalent genotypes were A²A²(65.8%) for Angus, A¹A²(35.6%) and A¹A¹(32.2%) for Hereford and A²A²(19. 3%), A¹B(19.3%), A²B(16.1%) and A²C(12.9%) for Charolais. At the κ-CN locus the highest frequency of the AA genotype(61.7 and 78.0% resp.) was observed in Angus and Hereford, whereas the BB genotype was extremely low. However, in Charolais the AB(38.7%) and BB(38.7%) genotypes were much more frequent than the AA genotype(22.6%). The most frequent genotypes at the β-LG locus were BB(63.9%) in Angus, AB(38.3%) and BB(35.1%) in Hereford and AA(50.0%) in Charolais. The most common casein(αS₁-, β- and κ-CN) genotype combinations(haplotype) in Angus, Hereford and Charolais were BB A²A² AA(33.0%), BB A¹A² AA (29.1%) and BB BA¹ AA(16.1%), respectively. In all breeds the frequency of the αS₁-CN^B gene ranging from 0.891 to 0.967 was overwhelmingly higher than that of the αS₁-CN^C gene. The highest gene frequency of β-CN locus was β-CN^(A2)(0.766) in Angus, β-CN^(A1)(0.511) in Hereford and β-CN^(A2)(0.371) and β-CN^B(0.306) in Charolais. Of the two genes in κ-CN locus the κ-CN^A gene(0.759 and 0.879 resp.) dominated in Angus and Hereford, while the κ-CN^B gene(0.581) was the most common in Charolais. In the β-LG locus the β-LG^B (0.797) and β-LG^A(0.641) genes were predominant in Angus and Charolais, respectively, whereas Hereford had an approximately equal distribution of β-LG^A(0.475) and β-LG^B(0.543). Significant differences between breeds were found at the gene frequencies of the β-CN, κ-CN and β-LG loci except for αS₁-CN locus. From the comparison of the data by measuring the average heterozygosity, effective numbers of alleles and gene homogeneity, the genetic variability within breed population was greatest for the Charolais, followed by the Hereford and Angus. In comparison of genetic identity, genetic distance and dendrogram calculated from the marker gene frequencies of milk protein polymorphic loci, the most close relationship was obtained between the Angus and Hereford and the lowest genetic similarity was obtained between the Angus and Charolais. And the Korean native cattle had close relationship with the Angus.