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Problematic effects of antibiotics on anaerobic treatment of swine wastewater
Cheng, D.L.,Ngo, H.H.,Guo, W.S.,Chang, S.W.,Nguyen, D.D.,Kumar, S. Mathava,Du, B.,Wei, Q.,Wei, D. Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.263 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Swine wastewaters with high levels of organic pollutants and antibiotics have become serious environmental concerns. Anaerobic technology is a feasible option for swine wastewater treatment due to its advantage in low costs and bioenergy production. However, antibiotics in swine wastewater have problematic effects on micro-organisms, and the stability and performance of anaerobic processes. Thus, this paper critically reviews impacts of antibiotics on pH, COD removal efficiencies, biogas and methane productions as well as the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the anaerobic processes. Meanwhile, impacts on the structure of bacteria and methanogens in anaerobic processes are also discussed comprehensively. Furthermore, to better understand the effect of antibiotics on anaerobic processes, detailed information about antimicrobial mechanisms of antibiotics and microbial functions in anaerobic processes is also summarized. Future research on deeper knowledge of the effect of antibiotics on anaerobic processes are suggested to reduce their adverse environmental impacts.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Antibiotic impacts on performance/microbes of anaerobic processes were reviewed. </LI> <LI> Higher dose and combined antibiotics had more inhibition on anaerobic processes. </LI> <LI> Antibiotics inhibited the VFAs degrading bacteria and acetoclastic methanogens. </LI> <LI> Acetoclastic methanogens shifted to hydrogenotrophic methanogens due to antibiotics. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Spectral tomographic analysis of Bremsstrahlung X-rays generated in a laser-produced plasma
Rhee, Y.J.,Nam, S.M.,Peebles, J.,Sawada, H.,Wei, M.,Vaisseau, X.,Sasaki, T.,Giuffrida, L.,Hulin, S.,Vauzour, B.,Santos, J.J.,Batani, D.,McLean, H.S.,Patel, P.K.,Li, Y.T.,Yuan, D.W.,Zhang, K.,Zhong, J. Cambridge University Press 2016 Laser and particle beams Vol.34 No.4
<B>Abstract</B><P>A new approach is proposed to analyze Bremsstrahlung X-rays that are emitted from laser-produced plasmas (LPP) and are measured by a stack type spectrometer. This new method is based on a spectral tomographic reconstruction concept with the variational principle for optimization, without referring to the electron energy distribution of a plasma. This approach is applied to the analysis of some experimental data obtained at a few major laser facilities to demonstrate the applicability of the method. Slope temperatures of X-rays from LPP are determined with a two-temperature model, showing different spectral characteristics of X-rays depending on laser properties used in the experiments.</P>
Fabrication of p-Type Nitrogen-Doped MgZnO by Depressing N-Related Donors
B. Yao,Z. P. Wei,Y. F. Li,D. Z. Shen,Y. M. Lu,Z. Z. Zhang,B. H. Li,C. J. Zheng,X. H. Wang,J. Y. Zhang,D. X. Zhao,X. W. Fan,Z. K. Tang 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.5
Wurtzite nitrogen-doped MgZnO (MgZnO:N) films were grown on c-plane sapphire by using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy with radical NO as the oxygen source and nitrogen dopant. P-type conduction of MgZnO:N was obtained by decreasing the donor defects ((N2)O, VO, etc.) through annealing, revealing a hole concentration of 6.1 × 1017 cm−3 and a mobility of 6.42 cm2/Vs. Furthermore, as-grown p-type films with a hole concentration of 1 × 1017 cm−3 and a mobility of 3 cm2/Vs were obtained by decreasing the (N2)O double donor defect through control of the plasma conditions. ZnMgO:N/ZnO p-n junctions were obtained by using these p-type films. ode-like, rectifying I-V characteristics with a threshold voltage of about 5 V and a different reverse leakage current were observed at room temperature.
오위(AO WEI),신백균(P.-K. SHIN),송창호,박구범(G.-B. Park),유도현(D.-H. Yu),이선우(Sunwoo Lee),이붕주(B.-J. Lee),이덕출(D.-C. LEE) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.7
Recently poly styrene (PPS) and poly vinyl acetate (PVA) are being investigated as a gate insulator for organic thin film transistors(OTFTs), because their dielectric constant for PVA and PPS is high enough to be used for gate insulator in the OTFT device. We report characteristics of single layer dielectric constant for PPS and PVA, and double layer of PPS/PVA prepared by different plasma power. Composition and electrical properties of the plasma polymerized insulating layer were investigated by FT-IR, I-V, and C-V measurements. Influence of the preparation condition on the resulting plasma polymerized thin films were discussed.
Zhao, W.,Shan, C.,Elias, A.L.,Rajukumar, L.P.,O'Brien, D.J.,Terrones, M.,Wei, B.,Suhr, J.,Lu, X.L. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 Carbon Vol.95 No.-
To expand the applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at macroscale, a heteroatom doping technique has been employed to fabricate isotropic 3-D CNT architectures by inducing elbow-like covalent junctions into multiwalled CNTs. As the junctions modify the topology of each CNT by favoring the stable bends in CNTs, junction stiffness and the consequence of junction-related morphology changes in sponge's hyperelasticity remain largely elusive. In this study, two types of 3-D multiwalled CNT sponges were fabricated by inducing boron-doped or nitrogen-doped covalent junctions into CNTs. Hyperelastic properties of the sponges were experimentally quantified as the functions of CNT morphology. A novel microstructure informed continuum constitutive law was developed specifically for such isotropic CNT sponges with junctions. Analyzing the experimental data with the new theory demonstrated that, for the first time, the effective modulus of boron-doped junctions (~100 GPa) is higher than that of nitrogen-doped junctions (~20 GPa), and the junction stiffness is a key factor in regulating the hyperelastic compressive modulus of the material. Theoretical analysis further revealed that increased number of junctions and shorter segments on each individual CNT chain would result in stronger hyperelastic 3-D CNT networks. This study has established a fundamental knowledge base to provide guidance for the future design and fabrication of 3-D CNT macrostructures.
Development of the 3.7 GHz LHCD System on HL-2A
B. Lu,M. Huang,H. Zeng,X. Y. Bai,X. H. Mao,Z. H. Lu,J. Liang,Z. H. Kang,M. W. Wang,K. Feng,H. Wang,C. Wang,J. Q. Wang,S. Wei,T. Yao,Y. N. Bu,J. Feng,G. Y. Cheng,S. D. Song,D. H. Xia,J. Rao 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.8
A 2 MW-3.7 GHz lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system is under development for physicsexperiments on the HL-2A device. The RF Power is generated by four TH2103A klystron amplifiersand propagates in the TE10 mode through WR284 waveguides. The transmission lines with a lengthof 20 m to 30 m are pressurized with 2 bars of nitrogen to decrease the possibility of arcing. Thelauncher, based on the passive-active multi-junction (PAM) concept, has been developed and iscurrently being realized. It was designed for a power spectrum peaked at Nk = 2.75 with goodcoupling properties over a wide range of plasma parameters. The four klystrons are fed by ahigh-voltage power supply (HVPS) based on the pulse step modulation (PSM) concept with a fastswitch-off time of less than ten μs. This system is expected to be in operation within 1 years and willexplore many international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) related LH experiments inthe following years.
Gradual electroforming and memristive switching in Pt/CuO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/Si/Pt systems
Wei, L L,Shang, D S,Sun, J R,Lee, S B,Sun, Z G,Shen, B G IOP Pub 2013 Nanotechnology Vol.24 No.32
<P>We report a memristive switching effect in Pt/CuO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>/Si/Pt devices prepared by the rf sputtering technique at room temperature. Differently from other Cu-based metal filament switching systems, a gradual electroforming process, marked by a gradual increase of the device resistance and a gradual decrease of the device capacitance, was observed in the current–voltage and capacitance characteristics. After the gradual electroforming, the devices show a uniform memristive switching behavior. By Auger electron spectroscopy analysis, a model based on the thickness change of the SiO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB> layer at the CuO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>/Si interface and Cu ion migration is proposed for the gradual electroforming and uniform memristive switching, respectively. This work should be meaningful for the preparation of forming-free and homogeneous memristive devices.</P>
Wei, H.P.,Han, B.,Youn, B.D.,Shin, H.,Kim, I.,Moon, H. Pergamon Press 2017 Microelectronics reliability Vol.78 No.-
<P>An advanced approximate integration scheme called eigenvector dimension reduction (EDR) method is implemented to predict the assembly yield of a plastically encapsulated package. A total of 12 manufacturing input variables are considered during the yield prediction, which is based on the JEDEC reflow flatness requirements. The method calculates the statistical moments of a system response (i.e., warpage) first through dimensional reduction and eigenvector sampling, and a probability density function (PDF) of random responses is constructed subsequently from the statistical moments by a probability estimation method. Only 25 modeling runs are needed to produce an accurate PDF for 12 input variables. The results prove that the EDR provides the numerical efficiency required for the tail-end probability prediction of manufacturing problems with a large number of input variables, while maintaining high accuracy. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
MAPPING STUDY OF MASSIVE CLOUD CORES
WEI Y,WU Y,WANG Y,Xu D,Ju B The Korean Astronomical Society 2005 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.38 No.2
Using 13.7 m telescope of Qinghai station of NAO, PMO at Delin Ha, 43 IRAS sources were mapped with $^{13}CO\;J=1-0\;C^{18}O\;J=1-0$ and CO J=1-0. Each source has one or more cores. The distances of these cores range from 1 pc to several pc, and the masses from $10^2\;M_{\bigodot}$ to $10^5\;M_{\bigodot}$. High velocity outflows were detected. The mass, momentum and energy of these massive cores are larger than those of the low mass ones. With radio, IRAS, MSX data, stellar source distribution were investigated, and sourceless cores that deviate from infrared sources were identified. They are potential high mass star formation sites.