http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Lim, Saehee,Lee, Meehye,Czimczik, Claudia I.,Joo, Taekyu,Holden, Sandra,Mouteva, Gergana,Santos, Guaciara M.,Xu, Xiaomei,Walker, Jennifer,Kim, Saewung,Kim, Hyun Seok,Kim, Soyoung,Lee, Sanguk Elsevier 2019 Science of the Total Environment Vol.655 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Isotopes are essential tools to apportion major sources of aerosols. We measured the radiocarbon, stable carbon, and stable nitrogen isotopic composition of PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> at Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) near Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) during August–October 2014. PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, TC, and TN concentrations were 19.4 ± 10.1 μg m<SUP>−3</SUP>, 2.6 ± 0.8 μg C m<SUP>−3</SUP>, and 1.4 ± 1.4 μg N m<SUP>−3</SUP>, respectively. The δ<SUP>13</SUP>C of TC and the δ<SUP>15</SUP>N of TN were − 25.4 ± 0.7‰ and 14.6 ± 3.8‰, respectively. EC was dominated by fossil-fuel sources with F<SUB>ff</SUB> (EC) of 78 ± 7%. In contrast, contemporary sources were dominant for TC with F<SUB>c</SUB> (TC) of 76 ± 7%, revealing the significant contribution of contemporary sources to OC during the growing season. The isotopic signature carries more detailed information on sources depending on air mass trajectories. The urban influence was dominant under stagnant condition, which was in reasonable agreement with the estimated δ<SUP>15</SUP>N of NH<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP>. The low δ<SUP>15</SUP>N (7.0 ± 0.2‰) with high TN concentration was apparent in air masses from Shandong province, indicating fossil fuel combustion as major emission source. In contrast, the high δ<SUP>15</SUP>N (16.1 ± 3.2‰) with enhanced TC/TN ratio reveals the impact of biomass burning in the air transported from the far eastern border region of China and Russia. Our findings highlight that the multi-isotopic composition is a useful tool to identify emission sources and to trace regional sources of carbonaceous and nitrogen aerosols.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> For PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, the average δ<SUP>13</SUP>C of TC and δ<SUP>15</SUP>N of TN were −25.4 ± 0.7‰ and 14.6 ± 3.8‰respectively. </LI> <LI> EC and TC were dominated by fossil-fuel (78 ± 7%) and contemporary (76 ± 7%) sources, respectively. </LI> <LI> Low δ<SUP>15</SUP>N (7.0 ± 0.2‰) with high TN concentration was evident in air masses from Shandong province. </LI> <LI> Multi-isotopic composition is useful to trace regional sources of PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> aerosol. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>δ<SUP>13</SUP>C of TC versus f<SUB>M</SUB> (EC) for different levels of δ<SUP>15</SUP>N of TN observed at Taehwa Research Forest (TRF) and Gosan Climate Observatory (GCO). TRF samples were classified into groups according to air mass origin.</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
탄소와 질소 동위원소비를 기반으로 한 서울 PM<SUB>2.5</SUB> 암모늄과 전체탄소의 화석연료 기여도
임세희,이미혜,Joel Savarino,Claudia Czimczik 한국대기환경학회 2021 한국대기환경학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
서울의 PM2.5 중 탄소와 질소성 에어로졸의 질량 기여도는 매우 높다. 이들의 대기오염과 기후변화 측면에서의 큰 중요성에 비하여 배출원의 불확실성은 여전히 큰 편이다. 본 연구에서 2018년~2019년 서울에서 채취한 PM2.5 시료 중 전체탄소와 암모늄에 대하여 방사성 탄소동위원소비(<SUP>14</SUP>C/<SUP>12</SUP>C ratio, reported as ‘fraction modern’ (fM))와 탄소와 질소 안정동위원소비(δ<SUP>13</SUP>C, δ<SUP>15</SUP>N)를 분석하였다. 이를 기반으로 전체탄소와 암모늄의 화석연료 기여도를 정량화하였다. Warm season (4월~9월)과 cold season (11월~3월)의 δ<SUP>13</SUP>C는 -25.1±2.0‰와 -24.2±0.82‰, fM으로 산출한 화석연료 기여도는 각각 34±11%, 40±6%이었다. δ<SUP>15</SUP>N는 여름(6월~8월, 16.4±2.8‰)에 겨울(12월~3월, 4.0±6.1‰)보다 월등히 높았다. Isotope mixing model로 산출한 암모늄의 화석연료 기여도는 여름 60±26%와 겨울 66±22%이었다. 2019년 2월~3월의 PM2.5 고농도사례시 3가지 동위원소비 모두 자동차 이동오염원의 기여도 증가를 지시하였다.