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Orden, E.A.,Serra, A.B.,Serra, S.D.,Aganon, C.P.,Cruz, E.M.,Cruz, L.C.,Fujihara, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1999 Animal Bioscience Vol.12 No.3
The mineral status of native goats and forage species, namely; Cynodon plectostachyus, Pennisetum purpureum. Eleusine indica, Cynodon dactylon, Calopogonium muconoides, Centrosema pubescens, Leucaena leococephala, and Mimosa pudica in lahar affected areas of Concepcion, Tarlac, Philippines were determined. Forage and blood samples were collected six times in 1996-97, and analyzed for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, copper, iron, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc. Forage calcium and sulfur are non-limiting. Most species had low phosphorus, copper and selenium, while some had magnesium and zinc levels lower than the critical limit because of low mineral content and high percolation rate of lahar deposits. Iron and molybdenum were in excess. The effect of seasonal variation was observed only in copper, sulfur and iron. Average blood mineral concentration of the animals was above critical limit, but there were no significant differences between seasons. All the animals had plasma phosphorus and magnesium above critical level; but 20 % had low copper, zinc and selenium especially in dry season possibly due to insufficient amount of these elements and excessive molybdenum and iron in most forage. Conversely, calcium in forage was high; but 40 % of the animals had low plasma calcium concentration. Although no clinical signs of mineral deficiencies were observed, supplemental feeding would be important since the condition of the pasture in lahar-laden areas is not expected to improve in the next five years. Intensified use of L. leucocephala with better mineral profile would be ideal.
Cíntia De Lorenzo,Caroline P. de Andrade,Verônica S. L. Machado,Matheus V. Bianchi,Veronica M. Rolim,Raquel A. S. Cruz,David Driemeier 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.1
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes diarrhea in pigs, referred to as colibacillosis. The aim of this study was to optimize multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses of paraffin-embedded material to detect pathogenic E. coli strains causing colibacillosis in pigs. Multiplex PCR was optimized for fimbriae (F18, F4, F6, F5, and F41) and toxins (types A and B heat-stable toxins [STaP and STb], heat-labile toxin [LT], and type 2 Shiga toxin [STx2e]), and IHC was optimized for an anti-E. coli polyclonal antibody. Samples (132) from pigs received between 2006 and 2014 with clinical and histopathological diagnoses of colibacillosis were analyzed. E. coli was detected by IHC in 78.7%, and at least one virulence factor gene was detected in 71.2%. Pathogenic strains of ETEC with at least one fimbria and one toxin were detected in 40% of the samples in multiplex PCR. The most frequent virulence types were F18-STaP (7.5%), F18-STaP-STb (5.7%), and F4-STaP (3.8%). A statistically significant association was noted between virulence factors F4, F18, STaP, and STb and positive immunostaining results. Colibacillosis diagnosis through multiplex PCR and IHC of paraffin-embedded tissues is a practical approach, as samples can be fixed and stored for long periods before analysis.
Physical Properties of the Sr4Al6O12SO4 Ceramic Compound
J.A. Rodríguez-García,E. Rocha-Rangel,J. López Hernández,C.A. Hernández Bocanegra,A.L. Leal Cruz,J.M. Almanza Robles,J. Torres Torres 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.11
The Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound was synthesized by a solid state reaction starting from stoichiometric mixtures of 3 : 3 : 1 molar ratio of reactive grade of SrCO3, Al2O3 and SrSO4, respectively. Cylindrical samples were confirmed by uniaxial pressing at 100 MPa and were heat treated at 1400 oC during 4 hrs. Subsequently, the samples were ground and re-conformed in cylindrical shape samples by uniaxial pressing at 300 MPa. The new samples were heat treated at 1400 oC during 24 hrs. This process was done in order to increase density of the samples. The Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound was characterized by the study of its physical properties such as: density, micro-hardness, thermal expansion and stability, enthalpy of formation, magnetic properties and electrical conductivity. Experimental results show that the maximum density obtained for the Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound was 2.913 grcm−3, with thermal expansion coefficient of 10.12E−06(oC−1); it also presents an enthalpy of 2.3 KJmol-1 and an excellent thermal stability at elevated temperatures in different atmospheres. In addition, the Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound is neither electrically conductive nor magnetic.
Raúl C. Cruz-Gómez,Julio Salcedo-Castro 한국해양과학기술원 2022 Ocean science journal Vol.57 No.4
The quasi-periodic formation of eddies during retroflection of an initially steady surface current is addressed by experimental modeling and observations. The retroflection process was simulated for various conditions, corresponding to different combinations of a cape angle and surface current speed. The simulations were conducted on a stratified domain under rotation. Results indicate that eddy size and shape, and detaching frequency depend on cape angle, not on upstream speed. Eddies detach at a higher rate for 40∘ and 80∘ cape angles. Other configurations did not show either a regular eddy formation nor detaching. Eddy size was related to the internal Rossby radius of deformation (Rd) as predicted by theory. Current displacement toward the rotation axis in our experiments prior to eddy detachment was from 3.1 to 3.5Rd. Retroflection angle was proportional to detachment T for each cape angle: 6T for 80∘, and 3T for 40∘, where T is the rotation period of the turn table. We conclude that eddy detachment is a result of eddy angular momentum increase from the momentum flux of the steady current. Similarity was analyzed with retroflection present in the North Brazil Current. Eddy vorticity profile and dimensionless quantities related to moving speed and eddy size in the oceanic flow agree with our results.
Rheology and gel point of the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea in the presence of urease
R. Serrato-Millán,L. Medina-Torres,F. Calderas,B.L. España-Sánchez,M. Estevez,A.R. Hernandez-Martínez,M. Cruz-Soto,I.C. Sánchez,R. Gómez-García,I. Sánchez-Betancourt,M.C. Velasquillo-Martínez,G. Luna- 한국유변학회 2017 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.29 No.1
This study reports on the rheology of the gelation kinetics of raw chitosan (CTS) solutions (2% w/v) produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of urea at different urea concentrations (40, 50, 60, 80, and 100 mM) in the presence of urease at 1 U/mL. Viscoelastic parameters and pH values were evaluated during gelation process and the rheological properties of CTS hydrogels produced were monitored after 24 h at 37°C to simulate human body temperatures. pH measurements suggest that above some critical urea concentration (50 mM) the time required (tgel) to reach the critical pH gelation shows no dependence on urea concentration (tgel was ca. 70 minutes). Above 50 mM of urea concentration, CTS hydrogels exhibit an elastic modulus G' higher than the viscous modulus G'' with no frequency dependence characteristic of a gel behavior. Gelation kinetics analyzed by rheology suggest that the G' (i.e., structure) development depends on urea concentration during solution neutralization.
Hayashida, M.,Orden, E.A.,Cruz, E.M.,Cruz, L.C.,Fujihara, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.2
Soluble glass bolus with selenium (Se), copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) was administered intraruminally to Philippine grazing does fed under backyard farming conditions to determine its effect on blood mineral status. Forty-five does were dosed with SGB intraruminally every 6 months, whereas 15 were without SGB during this experimental period of 10 months. Blood of does in both treatment groups were collected every other month and blood Se, plasma Cu, Ca, P and Mg were determined in this study. All does did not show clinical Se, Cu, Ca, P or Mg deficiency during this experimental period. Selenium concentration of treated does increased (p<0.01) after beginning of this experiment, whereas the level of control does decreased slowly (p<0.01). Two months after SGB administration, all treated does had higher blood Se than the lower limit of $20{\mu}g/l$ suggested by NRC (1981), whereas some control does had lower blood Se concentration than the lower limit of $20{\mu}g/l$. On the other hand, plasma Cu concentration of treated does started to increase more remarkably than control does 4 months after this experiment had started although the difference was insignificant. There were no significant differences between plasma Ca, P or Mg concentration of does in both treatment groups. Soluble glass bolus had no harmful effects on plasma macro mineral concentrations of grazing does. This study showed that SGB was available as mineral supplement to improve imbalances of selected mineral of grazing goats in the traditional backyard conditions in Luzon Island, Philippines.
Fujihara, T.,Matsui, T.,Hayashi, S.,Robles, A.Y.,Serra, A.B.,Cruz, L.C.,Shimizu, H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.2
Nutritional status of trace minerals (Se, Cu and Zn) in goats grazed on the native pasture was investigated during 2 years in Luzon Island, Republic of the Philippines. Three regions (South, Central and North) were objected to collect the samples of blood of goats and forages on the pasture. Se content of major species forages in the pasture was $24.7{\mu}g/kg$ DM, and was clearly lower than the value ($200{\mu}g/kg$ DM) required commonly for ruminant feed. The Cu and Zn contents of all forage samples ranged from 7.6 to 24.3 and 11.4 to 50.6 mg/kg DM, respectively, and these values almost exceeded the dietary level required for sheep. The blood Se levels in about 55% of goats grazed alone were under the normal range ($20{\mu}g/l$), but it in goats fed some concentrates as a supplement were almost within a normal ranges ($20-200{\mu}g/l$), though the Cu content of forages almost exceeded the dietary level required commonly. The 4-13% of plasma samples of goats without supplement showed the Zn level below the lower limit (0.6 mg/l) of normal range. The Zn deficiency was mostly improved by the addition of a small amount of concentrates. From these results, it will be necessary to study about unstable Cu status of grazed goats in Luzon Island regarding an interaction of Cu and other elements known to relate to the malabsorption of dietary Cu.
C. G. Garay-Reyes,S. E. Hernández-Martínez,J. L. Hernández-Rivera,J. J. Cruz-Rivera,E. J. Gutiérrez-Castañeda,H. J. Dorantes-Rosales,J. Aguilar-Santillan,R. Martínez-Sánchez 대한금속·재료학회 2017 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.23 No.2
According to Lifshitz, Slyozov, and Wagner (LSW) and Trans-Interface Diffusion-Controlled (TICD) theoreticalmodels, this paper reports the microstructure and its coarsening behavior of γ' metastable-coherentprecipitates in concentration gradient of Ni-13.75Ti (at%)/Ni generated by diffusion couple. The coarseningof precipitates was evaluated in two different Ti contents (R1-11.4Ti (at%) and R2-13Ti (at%)) generated alongthe concentration gradient and includes average size, size distributions and growth rate. The solvus andmetastable-coherent bimodal lines as determined at 850 °C of 9.16 (at%) and 9.92Ti (at%) respectively byscanning electron microscopy. This paper suggests that elastic strains produced by the matrix/precipitate latticemismatch caused significant deviations between the experimental results and those predicted by the LSW or TIDCtheories. Activation energies for TIDC (Qi) and LSW (Qr) are Qr: 219.69 and 172.61 kJ mol-1for R1 and R2regions, respectively, and Qi: 218.46 and 164.56 kJmol-1for R1 and R2 regions, respectively. A concentration gradientallows the study of various alloys with different concentration and volume-fraction in a single sample.
Pedigree Indexing of Imported American Brahman Breeder Cattle in the Philippines
Bondac, O.L.,Mercado, C.M.,Vera Cruz, N.C.,Palou, R.N.,Jr, J.S.Server Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.6
Pedigree data were used to predict the performance of 1,166 imported Americas Brahman breeder cattle, composed of 104 bulls and 1,062 heifers with an average age of 24.4 months (range of 17 to 40 months). A total of 13 full sib, 10 maternal half sib, and 228 paternal half sib groups were identified, each with average group size of 2.08, 2.00, and 4.49, respectively. Only 758 (64.9% of total) imported cattle were found to have at least one ancestor with expected progeny differences (EPDs) reported in the Spring 1995 Brahman Sire Summary. Moderate average accuracy values of .71, .69, .52, and .52 for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and maternal milk, respectively, were noted for EPDs of the ancestors. Prediction equations were derived by multiple regression analysis of available EPDs of sire, paternal grand sire, and maternal grand sire. Based on pedigree indexes that involve various combinations of available ancestral information, the average predicted EPDs (lbs) for imported cattle were $1.76{\pm}0.54$, $14.93{\pm}4.86$, $25.10{\pm}9.50$, and $5.86{\pm}2.08$ for birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and maternal milk, respectively. Significant correlations (p < .05) were also found between sire and son EPDs (+.27) for yearling weight; and between sire and paternal grand sire EPDs for birth weight (+.34), weaning weight (+.51), yearling weight (+.49), and maternal milk (+.55).