離騷의 性格

金學主 서울대학교 동아문화연구소 1979 東亞文化 Vol.16 No.-

Since Ssu-ma Ch'ien eulogized Ch'u¨ Yu¨an as a great patriotic poet and his Li-Sao (Encountering Sorrow) as a song of"loyalty to his king and love to the people," from Wang Yi (Ch'u Tz'uˇ Chang Chu¨楚辭章句) to modern Chinese scholars (Ch'u Tz'uˇYen Chiu Lun Wen Chi 楚辭硏究論文集), most of the scholars have interpreted Li-Sao as a patriotic poem. But lately some scholars, such as Liao P'ing(Ch'u Tz'uˇ Chiang Yi 楚辭講義), Ho T'ian Hsing (Ch'u T'zu¨ Tzo Yu¨ Han Tai K'ao 楚辭作於漢代考), and Chu Tung Jun (Ch'u Ko and Ch'u Tz'uˇ 楚歌與楚辭, Writer of Li-Sao 離騷的作者, etc.), denying the existence of Ch'u¨ Yu¨an, contended that Li-Sao is a song of "fairy excursion."In this paper, I have examined the above mentioned two directions of interpretation of Li-Sao, and analogized it's character through the analysis of the text. For the convenience of quotation of the text, I gave numbers from 1 to 188 to every line (two phrase for one line) of Li-Sao. (2) In the text of Li-Sao, lines 17-20, 40-41, 44 and 188 directly express the poet's loyalty to his king or love to the people (or the country). But most of the general purport arrives at the despair and resentment to this world. Besides, on the lines 13-16, 19, 38-39, 53, 72-87, and 145-149, we can find a description of the conduct of great sages and tyrants. These also show that Li-Sao is a patriotic poem. On the other hand, in most of the text of Li-Sao the poet describes his visionary excursion to the fairyland and heaven. On lines 54-64, we find his desire of the long journey, and on lines 72-185, we find his three-time fairy excursions. Consequently, we can say that Li-Sao is a song of fairy excursion. (3) Of course there are far more lines which support Li-Sao as a patriotic poem or song of fairy excursion. But both of these two interpretations have a good many negative expressions in themselves. We find in them defects not sufficient to assert the character of the poem as such. So I analyzed the text various ways to obtain the clear character of it. As a result, I draw a deduction that this originated from an early shaman of Ch'u. In concluding the character of Li-Sao, most important factor is an interpretation of P'eng Hsien, which is stated in the last paragraph: "Since none is worthwhile to work with in making good government, I will go and join P'eng Hsien in the place where he abides.(旣莫足與爲美政兮, 吾將從彭咸之所居)" Wang Yi commented on P'eng Hsien as a "sage of Shang dynasty, who drowned himself because his king disregarded his advice," and the last line of Li-Sao has been taken as the poet's statement of his intention to drown himself. But it is clear that his explanation has no basis. As Ho T'ien-Hsing (at Ch'u Tz'uˇ Tzo Yi Han Tai K'ao) pointed out, it is very reasonable to explain P'eng Hsien as ancient shamans, Wu P'eng and Wu Hsien, shown in: Shang Hai Ching, and "to join P'eng Hsien" means rather the poet's, intention to devote himself to occult training as a shaman. At the beginning of Li-Sao, the poet described his family lineage because early shamans were handed down from father to son as a profession. And he introduced his name(字) as Ling Chun(靈均). When we think of Wang Yi's commentary "靈, 巫也" and other shaman's name Ling Hsiu, Ling Fen, and Ling Pao of the Ch'u Tz'uˇ, the name Ling Chu¨n bespeaks itself a name of a shaman. Before his first visionary excursion, the poet paid a visit to the spirit of Emperor Shun to get his advice, which means that Shun was one of the spirit enshrined by the poet shaman. This fact also, explains why Li-Sao has so many descriptions of loyalty to the Kingand love of the country. And most of the works of Ch'u Tz'uˇ, which recorded under the, name of Ch'u¨ Yu¨an and his student Sung Yu¨, such as Chiu-Ko, T`ian-Wen, Yuan-You, P'u-Chu¨, Chiu-Pian, Chao-Hun, and Ta-Chao preserve more obvious tinges of shaman than Li-Sao. Consequently, it might be maintained that Li-Sao is a early song of shaman, neither a patriotic poem nor a song of fairy excursion.

Exploring the Effect of Comprehensibility in K-content Titles on Behavioral Intention: A Need for Cognition Perspective

Chu,Kyounghee(Kyounghee Chu),Kim,Ji Yoon(Ji Yoon Kim) 한국상품학회 2024 商品學硏究 Vol.42 No.1

This study empirically explores the impact of the comprehensibility of K-content titles on consumer evaluation. The specific objective of the research is as follows: to analyze the influence of the comprehensibility level of K-content titles on behavioral intentions (intention to watch). More specifically, this study aims to verify whether the patterns of influence of comprehensibility levels of K-content titles on consumer evaluations differ based on need for cognition(NFC) levels. The experimental results revealed differences in intention to watch K-movies depending on cognitive needs levels. In other words, viewers with lower need for cognition have higher viewing intentions towards movies with titles that are more comprehensible compared to those with less comprehensible titles. On the other hand, viewers with higher need for cognition have higher viewing intentions towards movies with less comprehensible titles compared to those with more comprehensible titles. Prior research has primarily focused on consumer responses to the comprehensibility of key messages or information within the field of communication. In this regard, by applying the concept of comprehensibility to the titles of K-Contents, this research strengthens the theoretical foundation concerning the effectiveness of message delivery and consumer response, while also deepening the understanding of global marketing strategies for K-Contents. In terms of practical implications, it emphasizes to K-Content creators and marketers that the comprehensibility of titles significantly influences consumer interest and viewing intentions. This offers critical guidance in the selection of titles and formulation of marketing strategies for K-Contents. Furthermore, optimizing content titles for a global audience with diverse cognitive needs can contribute to the successful international spread of K-Contents. Therefore, by comprehensively understanding the impact of K-Content titles on consumer evaluations, this study is expected to make significant contributions both academically and practically.

龜玆樂 關聯의 개存 硏究成果 檢討 : A Critical Review

홍주희 한국음악사학회 2002 한국음악사학보 Vol.29 No.-

In order to make a systematic approach to the study of Kuei-tzu˘ music 龜玆樂, this paper is intended to investigate the outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Korean and Chinese scholars from the 1950s to the present. Most outcomes have been studied by Chinese musicologists including P'an Huai-su 播?素, Ch'ang Jen-hsia 常任俠, Chou Chi 周吉, Ho Ch'ang-lin 何昌林, Ch'iu Ch'iung-lin 丘璟蓀, Li Ping 呂氷 and so on. Also included are such Korean scholars as An Hwak 安廓, Lee Hye-ku [Yi Hye-gu] 李惠求, Song Bang-song [Song Pang-song] 宋芳松, Cho˘n In-p'yo˘ng 全仁平 and Hong Chu-hu˘i 洪周希, and also such Japanese musicologists as Kishibe Shigeo 岸邊成雄 and Hayashi Kenzo― 林謙三. The outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music can be divided into two groups in a broad sence : the first group is the outcomes related directly with Kuei-tzu˘ music, while the other group, the outcomes related indirectly with Kuei-tzu˘ music. This paper consists of three parts : Ⅰ. Introduction, Ⅱ. The Main Issue : 1. Studies on Kuei-tzu˘ Music : 1) Studies on Kuei-tzu˘ Music in Ancient Period; Modal Theory Called We-tan-ch'i-sheng 五旦七聲 by Su Chih-p'o 蘇祗婆, Historical Change of Musical Scale, Musical Instruments, and General Approach to Kuei-tzu˘ Music, 2) Relation between Ancient Kuei-tzu˘ Music and Current Makam, 2. Studies of Indirectly Related with Kuie-tzu˘ Music : 1) Outcomes by Cultural Approach, 2) Outcomes by Iconographic Materials, 3) General Survey, Ⅲ. Conclusion. In conclusion it is pointed out that the outcomes of existing studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Korean scholars are very poor in comparison with those by Japanese and Chinese scholars. Translations of studies on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Kishibe Shigeo and Hayashi Kenzo― made a contribution to the study of Kuei-tzu˘ Music in Korea. The author, therefore, emphasizes that it is necessary to translate works on Kuei-tzu˘ music by Chinese scholars into Korean.

元曲 特質 小考

李桂柱 단국대학교 중어중문학과 1974 中國文學報 Vol.- No.1

이동로봇의 여유자유도 최적화에 관한 이론적 고찰

주백석(B. Chu1),성영휘(W.H. Sung) 한국생산제조학회 2013 한국생산제조시스템학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.8

ADGO: analysis of differentially expressed gene sets using composite GO annotation

Nam, Dougu,Kim, Sang-Bae,Kim, Seon-Kyu,Yang, Sungjin,Kim, Seon-Young,Chu, In-Sun Oxford University Press 2006 Bioinformatics Vol.22 No.18

<P><B>Motivation:</B> Genes are typically expressed in modular manners in biological processes. Recent studies reflect such features in analyzing gene expression patterns by directly scoring gene sets. Gene annotations have been used to define the gene sets, which have served to reveal specific biological themes from expression data. However, current annotations have limited analytical power, because they are classified by single categories providing only unary information for the gene sets.</P><P><B>Results:</B> Here we propose a method for discovering composite biological themes from expression data. We intersected two annotated gene sets from different categories of Gene Ontology (GO). We then scored the expression changes of all the single and intersected sets. In this way, we were able to uncover, for example, a gene set with the molecular function <I>F</I> and the cellular component <I>C</I> that showed significant expression change, while the changes in individual gene sets were not significant. We provided an exemplary analysis for HIV-1 immune response. In addition, we tested the method on 20 public datasets where we found many ‘filtered’ composite terms the number of which reached ∼34% (a strong criterion, 5% significance) of the number of significant unary terms on average. By using composite annotation, we can derive new and improved information about disease and biological processes from expression data.</P><P><B>Availability:</B> We provide a web application (ADGO: http://array.kobic.re.kr/ADGO) for the analysis of differentially expressed gene sets with composite GO annotations. The user can analyze Affymetrix and dual channel array (spotted cDNA and spotted oligo microarray) data for four species: human, mouse, rat and yeast.</P><P><B>Contact:</B> chu@kribb.re.kr</P><P><B>Supplementary information:</B> http://array.kobic.re.kr/ADGO</P>

復合 肥料의 穗肥水準이 水稻의 發熟 및 收量에 미치는 影響

崔周浩,金鎭雨 진주산업대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

本硏究는 晉州農林傳門大學 學生實習團場에서 1992년 4월부터 同年 10月 까지 東律벼 (Dong Jlin)을 供試品種으로 하여, 18-0-18 複合穗料의 穗肥 水準을 窒素, 0.39㎏, 1.39㎏區 2.39㎏, 3.3㎏, 4.3㎏과 標準區 3㎏區로하여 水準 差異에 따라 收量을 調査하였던 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 稈長 및 穗長은 4.3㎏區에서 가장 길었다. 2. 出穗 및 成熟期는 穗肥水準에 따라 差異가 없었다. 3. 登熟率은 施服水準이 높을수록 낮았으며 粒數는 穗肥水準이 높을수록 많은 傾向이었다. 4. 枇重 및 層米重은 穗肥水準이 높을수록 많았으며 有意性이 認定되었다. 5. 正玄比率은 0.39㎏區에서 가장 높았다. 6. 正租收量은 4.39㎏區에서 가장 많았다. The purpose of this study is to examine the growth process and yield of the new rice variety Dongjin by a fertilizing experimentation. The levels of supplementary nitrogen were 0.391㎏, 1.391㎏, 2.391㎏, 4.391㎏ and in the control plot 3㎏ per 10a respectively. The results of experiment are as follows ; 1. The culm length and the panicle length were longest in the 4.3㎏ subplot respectively. 2. The Heading date and the Ripening period were independent of the fertilizing level. 3. The percentage of ripeness was lower and the number of grains per spikelet was larger in the higher fertilizing level. 4. The Empty grains and the Rice screenings increased respectively as the fertilizing level increased. 5. The percentage of hulled and unhulled rice and the Winnowed were highest in the 0.39㎏ and 439㎏ sub-plot respectively.

남녀 고등학생들의 성장에 따른 체격조사에 관한 연구

서추연 동아대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.8 No.-

This study was to analyze high school students'(boys and girls) body growth rate during their high school period by looking into their three years' health record. This study bald attention to the body growth status especially when the growth rate of height turns to stagnate. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as a basic data for the apparel sizing system for high school students. The results of this study are as follows. 1. According to high school students' health records, there was a significant difference in all measurement items between boys and girls. The result shows that boy's growth rate was significantly bigger than that of girls on the average. 2. According to the height growth distribution chart, 63.9% of boys fall into the category of below 2cm growth between 16 years old and 17 years old. In case of girls, most of them(98.1%) shows below 2cm height growth during the same age period. Also, 90.4% of girls grow below 2cm during the period of 17 years old to 18 years old. 3, By comparing the average growth rate of each measurement item, it was found that there are significant differences in all measurement items for boys only except sitting height. It means that boys tend to grow steadily in terms of the height, weight and bust girth. In case of girls, the differences are apparent in the height and bust girth measurements. 4. After Spearman's correlation analysis, the order of correlation based on height was sitting height > weight > bust girth. It was found that the correlation between height item and girth item was low. 5. The fatty ratio of boys and girls were similar. Rohrer's index showed that there were many thin type in both boys and girls group due to the high correlation between height and weight. However, Vervaeck's index showed that normal type was the majority followed by thin type and fat type. 6. Based on the average of height and bust girth size, this study developed apparel sizing system for high school students as follows. M size for boys - height :170cm~175cm, bust girth :85cm~91cm. M size for girls - height :155cm~165cm, bust girth :79cm~85cm. The distribution of boys based on the proposed sizing system was M>S>L, while that of girls was M>L>S.

직접계측에 의한 성인남녀의 발형태비교분석 연구

서추연 東亞大學校 附設 生活科學硏究所 2002 생활과학연구 논문집 Vol.10 No.-

This study was to compare and analyze the foot size according to sex and age group and to classify and provide adults foot types. 219 adult men and 181 adult women were randomly sampled and measured by using a one dimension direct measurement method. 1. According to the results of T-test according to sex, there was a significant difference between men and women in all measurement items. In other words, men gained an advantage over women in all measurement items. Also, according to ANOVA, no significant difference existed among age groups for men in the degree of foot metamorphosis, while there was a significant difference among age groups for women. This results illustrated that womens foot was metamorphosed more than men as they grew older (getting lower in height, wider in breadth, and bigger in girth). 2. Five factors were extracted form the factor analysis of direct measurement for each sex group. For men, five factors were size, heel, external internal, and height factor. For women, five factors were size, instep, external, and heel factor. From these results, we could identify that the size and heel factors affect foot type for men, while the size and instep factors affect foot type for women. That was, for women, there was a significant difference in instep related items as they grew older, meaning that the instep factor affect womens foot type more than other factors. 3. Mens foot type was classified into 4 types ; totally big type(18.7%), totally small type(34.2%), middle girth and high instep type(24.7%) and middle girth and low instep type(22.4%). On the other hands, womens foot type was classified into 3 types ; totally small type(40.9%), wide ball breadth and high instep type(29.8%) and narrow ball breadth and middle instep type(29.3%). Therefore, this study explicates that the shoe size specification needs to be developed based on not only foot length and foot girth but ball breadth and instep height in order to design a functional and comfortable shoe.

木花 品質形質의 組合能力分析

崔周鎬 진주산업대학교 농업기술연구소 2002 農業技術硏究所報 Vol.15 No.-

1999年 4月부터 2001年 12月까지 晋州産業大學校 學生實習圃場에서 木花 10개 品種을 二面 交配하여 얻은 F_(1), F_(2), 45개 組合을 材料로 하여 品質形質의 組合能力을 分析한 結果는 다음과 같다. 1. 組合能力의 分散量은 GCA 및 SCA는 全 形質에서 有意하여 組合能力은 相加的, 非相加的 效果가 함께 작용하였으나 形質에 따라 差異가 있었다. 2. GCA의 效果는 100립중. 朔當實綿重 에서는 世代에 關係없이 임성 및 Tamcot이 正의 效果를, 삭당조면증, 조면비율은 世代에 關係없이 Tamcot과 Stoneville이 正의 效果를 나타내었다. 摘採綿은 世代에 關係없이 Ouall와 제주에서 正의 效果를, 木採綿은 世代에 關係없이 임성이 높은 正의 效果를 나타내었다. 收量은 世代에 關係없이 Ouall와 제주에서 높은 正의 效果를 나타내었다. 3. SCA의 效果의 100립중에서 F_(1)은 Jackson×승주, Stoneville×제주, F_(2) 世代에서는 무안×임성 組合과 朔當實綿重의 F_(1)은 Steneville×승주, F_(2) 世代에서는 Tamcot×임성 組合과, 朔當繰綿重의 F_(1)은 Tamcot×서산·제주, F_(2) 世代에서는 Stoneville×무안, Ouall×승주의 組合에서 正의 效果가 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 繰綿比率의 F_(1)은 Stoneville×Tamcot·승주, F_(2) 世代에서는 Stoneville×무안의 組合에서 正의 效果가 있는 것으로 높게 평가되었다. 摘採綿은 F_(1)은 Jackson×Ouall, F_(2) 世代에서는 Ouall×승주의 組合에서 正의 效果가 있는 것으로 높게 평가되었다. 木採綿에서 F_(1)은 Tamcot×임성, F_(2) 世代에서는 Stoneville×무안의 組合에서 負의 效果가 있는 것으로 높게 평가되었다. 收量에서 F_(1), F_(2) 兩世代에서 Ouall ×승주 組合에서 正으로 높게 평가되었다. For this study, 45 combinations of F_(1) and F_(2) generations were bred from 10 varieties of cotton through diallel cross during the period from April to December, 1997. The combining abilities of their growth character were analyzed with the following results: 1. In the variance of combining ability, GCA and SCA were significant in all the characters. Both the additive effect and the non-additive effect were shown in the combining ability, but the difference between characters was significant. 2. In the effect analysis of GCA, Imsung and Tamcot showed a negative effect in 100-seed weight and seed cotton weight regardless of generations. In Lint weight and Lint percentag Tamcot and Stoneville showed a positive effect regardless of generations. The Picked cotton Ouall and Cheju showed negative effect regardless of generations. Stiak-cut cotton showed a positive effect in Imsung. Yield showed a highly positive effect in Oull and Cheju. 3. In SCA effect, 1000-seed weight showed a highly negative effect in F_(1) of Jackson×Imsung, Stoneville×Cheju and F_(2) Muan×Imsung combination, Seed cotton weight highly negative effect in F_(1) of stoneville×Sungju and F_(2) of Tamcot×Imsung combination, Lint weight showed a highly effect in F_(1) of Tamcot×Seosan·Cheju and F_(2) of Stoneville×Muan, Ouall×Sungju combination, Lint percentage effect height in of F_(1) of Stoneville×Tamct·Sungju and F_(2) of Stoneville×Muan Combination. width of Picked cotton showed a positive effect in F_(1) of Jackson×Ouall and F_(2) of Ouall×Sungju and according of Stalk-cut cotton shown n egative effect in F_(1) of Tamct×Imsung and F_(2) of Stoneville×Muan, Yield stowed apositved affect in F_(1) and F_(2) of Ouall×Sungju Combination.