Extremely Bright Full Color Alternating Current Electroluminescence of Solution-Blended Fluorescent Polymers with Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Micelles

Cho, Sung Hwan,Jo, Seong Soon,Hwang, Ihn,Sung, Jinwoo,Seo, Jungmok,Jung, Seok-Heon,Bae, Insung,Choi, Jae Ryung,Cho, Himchan,Lee, Taeyoon,Lee, Jin Kyun,Lee, Tae-Woo,Park, Cheolmin American Chemical Society 2013 ACS NANO Vol.7 No.12

<P>Electroluminescent (EL) devices operating at alternating current (AC) electricity have been of great interest due to not only their unique light emitting mechanism of carrier generation and recombination but also their great potential for applications in displays, sensors, and lighting. Despite great success of AC–EL devices, most device properties are far from real implementation. In particular, the current state-of-the art brightness of the solution-processed AC–EL devices is a few hundred candela per square meter (cd m<SUP>–2</SUP>) and most of the works have been devoted to red and white emission. In this manuscript, we report extremely bright full color polymer AC–EL devices with brightness of approximately 2300, 6000, and 5000 cd m<SUP>–2</SUP> for blue (B), green (G), and red (R) emission, respectively. The high brightness of blue emission was attributed to individually networked multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) for the facile carrier injection as well as self-assembled block copolymer micelles for suppression of interchain nonradiative energy quenching. In addition, effective FRET from a solution-blended thin film of B-G and B-G-R fluorescent polymers led to very bright green and red EL under AC voltage, respectively. The solution-processed AC–EL device also worked properly with vacuum-free Ag paste on a mechanically flexible polymer substrate. Finally, we successfully demonstrated the long-term operation reliability of our AC–EL device for over 15 h.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2013/ancac3.2013.7.issue-12/nn4040926/production/images/medium/nn-2013-040926_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn4040926'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Prediction of Hepatocelluar Carcinoma Using Decision Tree Classification in Treatment Naive Patients for Chronic Hepatitis B

( Sang Bong Ahn ),( Jae Yoon Jeong ),( Dae Won Jun ),( Eileen L. Yoon ),( Sung Eun Kim ),( Jae-jun Shim ),( Yong Kyun Cho ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Hyoung Su Kim ),( Jun Choi ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: This study aimed to develop prediction model for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in treatment-naive patients receiving entecavir or tenofovir for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: We enrolled 3184 patients treated with chronic hepatitis B. We analyzed 1350 patients who were treated with entecavir or tenofovir as initial treatment, those with initial clinical records, and those without cancer within one year after treatment. HCC prediction decision tree was constructed through logistic regression using 90 variables including demographic, laboratory data, and cirrhosis. We also analysis with support vector machine (SVM) analysis and random forest analysis. Results: Eighty-four patients were diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. Age (OR=12.3, P=0.001), family history of HBV (OR=7.2, P=0.006), cirrhosis (OR=35.1, P=0.001), diuretics use (OR=4.1, P=0.04), WBC count (OR=4.1, P=0.04), hemoglobin (OR=4.6, P=0.03), admission history (OR=6.2, P=0.01), and ascites (OR=10.7, P=0.001) were the significant predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma development. Cirrhosis, family history of HBV, serum albumin, serum alkaline phosphatase, smoking history, platelet count, and WBC count were selected to set up a decision tree as the prediction model. Decision tree algorithm showed high HCC prediction [96% (95% CI, 93.0-98.0)]. Decision tree algorithm show better area under the curve (AUC) than other analysis. Conclusions: Proposed decision tree algorithm produces high accuracy for prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients.

A Phase 1 Study Using Autologous Natural Killer Cells in Patients with HAIC-Hepatocellular Carcinoma

( Sung Bum Cho ),( Chung Hwan Jun ),( Sung Kyu Choi ),( Woo Kyun Bae ),( Je Jung Lee ),( Yang Jun Kang ),( Cheol Kyun Cho ),( Yang Seok Ko ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy has recently been tried with advances of understanding the role of immune defense against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To improve NK cells therapy, we focused to increasing delivery of NK cells and synergic effect combined with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC). Methods: We did a prospective, open label, phase 1 trial of the safety and efficacy of autologous NK cells through hepatic arterial infusion as sequential therapy after HAIC in advanced HCC patients. Between March 2016 and July 2017, 11 patients were included who showed favorable response more than stable disease (SD) after 2 sessions of HAIC in advanced HCC patients with child A. A total 4 sessions of HAIC were performed the protocols of infusion of cisplatin (25/m2) and 5-fluorouracil (750/m²) for 4 days every 3-4 weeks interval. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients by leukapheresis were ob-tained after 3^rd HAIC and NK cells were expanded for 2 weeks under Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). Patients received planned dosage of NK cells through chemoport into hepatic artery for 5 days after 4^th HAIC (3 patients; 2.5x108, 3 patients; 5x10⁸, 5 patients; injection of 10x10⁸ NK cells). The primary end point was safety of NK cell injection; secondary endpoint included objective response rate (modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors), time to progression, dura-tion of response and immunologic efficacy. Results: Any adverse events of NK cells injection were none according to dosage. An objective response was observed in 7 patients (63.6%) included three complete responses and four partial responses. Stable disease was observed in 2 patients and progressive disease was in 2 patients and thus disease control rate was 81.8%. The mean duration of time to progression was 9.7±5.3 month and duration of response without chemotherapy was 6.1±5.2 month. The newly metastatic lesion was occurred in 3 patents (27.2%; lymph node 1 patients, Lung 2 patients). Two patients were died by tumor progression and others were still alive. The increasing immunologic response was observed in 5 patients (55 %) to evaluate cytotoxicity and NK cell proportion of peripheral mononuclear cells after NK cell injection. Conclusions: The HAIC and NK cells immunotherapy is safe and effective treatment in the advance HCC patient with favorable liver function. The additional studies are urgently required to establish the new novel treatment.

Higher education affects accelerated cortical thinning in Alzheimer's disease: a 5-year preliminary longitudinal study

Cho, Hanna,Jeon, Seun,Kim, Changsoo,Ye, Byoung Seok,Kim, Geon Ha,Noh, Young,Kim, Hee Jin,Yoon, Cindy W,Kim, Yeo Jin,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Park, Sang Eon,Kim, Sung Tae,Lee, Jong-Min,Kang, Sue J.,Suh, Mee Kyun Cambridge University Press 2015 INTERNATIONAL PSYCHOGERIATRICS - Vol.27 No.1

<B>ABSTRACT</B><B>Background:</B><P>Epidemiological studies have reported that higher education (HE) is associated with a reduced risk of incident Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, after the clinical onset of AD, patients with HE levels show more rapid cognitive decline than patients with lower education (LE) levels. Although education level and cognition have been linked, there have been few longitudinal studies investigating the relationship between education level and cortical decline in patients with AD. The aim of this study was to compare the topography of cortical atrophy longitudinally between AD patients with HE (HE-AD) and AD patients with LE (LE-AD).</P><B>Methods:</B><P>We prospectively recruited 36 patients with early-stage AD and 14 normal controls. The patients were classified into two groups according to educational level, 23 HE-AD (>9 years) and 13 LE-AD (≤9 years).</P><B>Results:</B><P>As AD progressed over the 5-year longitudinal follow-ups, the HE-AD showed a significant group-by-time interaction in the right dorsolateral frontal and precuneus, and the left parahippocampal regions compared to the LE-AD.</P><B>Conclusion:</B><P>Our study reveals that the preliminary longitudinal effect of HE accelerates cortical atrophy in AD patients over time, which underlines the importance of education level for predicting prognosis.</P>

Asymmetric polystyrene-polylactide bottlebrush random copolymers: Synthesis, self-assembly and nanoporous structures

Cho, Seungwan,Son, Jinha,Kim, Inhye,Ahn, Hyungju,Jang, Hyun-Sook,Joo, Sang Hoon,Park, Kang Hyun,Lee, Eunji,Kim, Yongtae,Ahn, Suk-kyun Elsevier 2019 Polymer Vol.175 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Control of polymer architecture can be a powerful strategy to refine the structure and properties without changing the chemical structure of the monomers. Here, we exploit a highly branched bottlebrush architecture to access tailored self-assembled morphologies and nanoporous structures. To this end, a series of well-defined bottlebrush random copolymers are synthesized by macromonomer approach, where polystyrene (PS) and poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) side chains of non-equal molecular weights are grafted to the polynorbornene backbone. These bottlebrush copolymers exhibit microphase-separated structures including lamellar, hexagonal cylinders and disordered structures with the domain sizes of 13–20 nm depending on the relative volume fraction (<I>f</I>) of PS and PLA side chain. Due to highly asymmetric nature, these bottlebrush copolymers exhibit cylinders at <I>f</I> <SUB>PS</SUB> = 41–50% and lamellar at <I>f</I> <SUB>PS</SUB> = 67–70%, unlike the case of linear diblock copolymers. The selective degradation of PLA from these bottlebrushes allows for nanoporous structures to be created of which size, distribution and connectivity of pores are dictated by the composition of bottlebrush precursors. The ability to exploit the bottlebrush architecture to manipulate self-assembled morphologies and nanoporous structures may be a useful way to design materials for adsorptions, separations, catalysis and gas storages.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Asymmetric bottlebrush random copolymers comprising polystyrene (2.0 kDa) and poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA, 5.6 kDa) side chains are synthesized by grafting-through approach. </LI> <LI> Due to highly asymmetric nature, the bottlebrush copolymers exhibit cylindrical structure at <I>f</I> <SUB>PS</SUB> = 41–50% and lamellar structure at <I>f</I> <SUB>PS</SUB> = 67–70% unlike the case of linear diblock copolymers. </LI> <LI> The tunable nanoporous structures are obtained by selective degradation of PLA from the bottlebrush precursors. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Prospective validation of a novel dosing scheme for intravenous busulfan in adult patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Cho, Sang-Heon,Lee, Jung-Hee,Lim, Hyeong-Seok,Lee, Kyoo-Hyung,Kim, Dae-Young,Choe, Sangmin,Bae, Kyun-Seop,Lee, Je-Hwan The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.3

The objective of this study was to externally validate a new dosing scheme for busulfan. Thirty-seven adult patients who received busulfan as conditioning therapy for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) participated in this prospective study. Patients were randomized to receive intravenous busulfan, either as the conventional dosage (3.2 mg/kg daily) or according to the new dosing scheme based on their actual body weight (ABW) ($23{\times}ABW^{0.5}mg\;daily$) targeting an area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of $5924{\mu}M{\cdot}min$. Pharmacokinetic profiles were collected using a limited sampling strategy by randomly selecting 2 time points at 3.5, 5, 6, 7 or 22 hours after starting busulfan administration. Using an established population pharmacokinetic model with NONMEM software, busulfan concentrations at the available blood sampling times were predicted from dosage history and demographic data. The predicted and measured concentrations were compared by a visual predictive check (VPC). Maximum a posteriori Bayesian estimators were estimated to calculate the predicted AUC ($AUC_{PRED}$). The accuracy and precision of the $AUC_{PRED}$ values were assessed by calculating the mean prediction error (MPE) and root mean squared prediction error (RMSE), and compared with the target AUC of $5924{\mu}M{\cdot}min$. VPC showed that most data fell within the 95% prediction interval. MPE and RMSE of $AUC_{PRED}$ were -5.8% and 20.6%, respectively, in the conventional dosing group and -2.1% and 14.0%, respectively, in the new dosing scheme group. These findings demonstrated the validity of a new dosing scheme for daily intravenous busulfan used as conditioning therapy for HCT.

A Framework for Processing Brain Waves Used in a Brain-computer Interface

Sung, Yun-Sick,Cho, Kyun-Geun,Um, Ky-Hyun Korea Information Processing Society 2012 Journal of information processing systems Vol.8 No.2

Recently, methodologies for developing brain-computer interface (BCI) games using the BCI have been actively researched. The existing general framework for processing brain waves does not provide the functions required to develop BCI games. Thus, developing BCI games is difficult and requires a large amount of time. Effective BCI game development requires a BCI game framework. Therefore the BCI game framework should provide the functions to generate discrete values, events, and converted waves considering the difference between the brain waves of users and the BCIs of those. In this paper, BCI game frameworks for processing brain waves for BCI games are proposed. A variety of processes for converting brain waves to apply the measured brain waves to the games are also proposed. In an experiment the frameworks proposed were applied to a BCI game for visual perception training. Furthermore, it was verified that the time required for BCI game development was reduced when the framework proposed in the experiment was applied.

A Small Molecule That Binds to an ATPase Domain of Hsc70 Promotes Membrane Trafficking of Mutant Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator

Cho, Hyungseoph J.,Gee, Heon Yung,Baek, Kyung-Hwa,Ko, Sung-Kyun,Park, Jong-Moon,Lee, Hookeun,Kim, Nam-Doo,Lee, Min Goo,Shin, Injae American Chemical Society 2011 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.133 No.50

<P>Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cell-surface anion channel that permeates chloride and bicarbonate ions. The most frequent mutation of CFTR that causes cystic fibrosis is the deletion of phenylalanine at position 508 (δF508), which leads to defects in protein folding and cellular trafficking to the plasma membrane. The lack of the cell-surface CFTR results in a reduction in the lifespan due to chronic lung infection with progressive deterioration of lung function. Hsc70 plays a crucial role in degradation of mutant CFTR by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. To date, various Hsc70 inhibitors and transcription regulators have been tested to determine whether they correct the defective activity of mutant CFTR. However, they exhibited limited or questionable effects on restoring the chloride channel activity in cystic fibrosis cells. Herein, we show that a small molecule apoptozole (Az) has high cellular potency to promote membrane trafficking of mutant CFTR and its chloride channel activity in cystic fibrosis cells. Results from affinity chromatography and ATPase activity assay indicate that Az inhibits the ATPase activity of Hsc70 by binding to its ATPase domain. In addition, a ligand-directed protein labeling and molecular modeling studies also suggest the binding of Az to an ATPase domain, in particular, an ATP-binding pocket. It is proposed that Az suppresses ubiquitination of δF508-CFTR maybe by blocking interaction of the mutant with Hsc70 and CHIP, and, as a consequence, it enhances membrane trafficking of the mutant.</P>

Rapidly growing pediatric trampoline-related injuries in Korea: a 10-year single center retrospective study

Cho, Min Jeng,Kim, Jihoon,Kim, Sung Jeep,Kyoung, Kyu Hyouck,Keum, Min Ae,Park, Sung Kyun The Korean Pediatric Society 2019 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.62 No.3

Purpose: Several published policy statements have warned against the risks associated with trampoline use and recommended safety guidelines. However, few studies have focused on trampoline-related injuries in Korea. This study aimed to assess the incidence and characteristics of pediatric trampoline-related injuries presented to Ulsan University Hospital. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children aged <16 years with trampoline-related injuries who visited our Emergency Department between 2008 and 2017. Results: Over the 10-year period, 178 trampoline-related injuries were reported, which represented a significant increase (P=0.016). Most (87.6%) of the injuries occurred during the last 5 study years, and a rapid increase in injuries was observed in children aged <6 years. Lower extremity injuries (62.4%) were the most common, followed by injuries of the upper extremities, head and face, and trunk, including injuries to the neck and spine. Sixty-seven children (37.6%) had fractures, and proximal tibia fractures were the most common. Fractures were significantly more common in younger children (<6 years old) than in older children (P=0.026). Conclusion: In Korea, the mechanism of trampoline injury is similar to that of injuries incurred in indoor trampoline parks but is characterized by smaller spaces and multiple users. Trampoline use and the incidence of trampoline-related injuries in children aged <6 years are increasing rapidly. Prohibiting the use of trampolines for children aged <6 years, restricting simultaneous use by multiple children, and ensuring adult supervision should be strictly emphasized. Public awareness and policy guidelines are needed to reduce the incidence of trampoline-related injuries.

Determination of the haplotype and complete mitochondrial genome of the leatherback turtle Dermochelys coriacea (Testudines: Dermochelyidae) found in the vicinity of Korea

Cho, Yuna,Kim, Hye Kwon,Lee, Kyunglee,Kim, Hyun Woo,Park, Kyum Joon,Sohn, Hawsun,Choi, Youngmin,Park, Sung-Kyun,Jeong, Dae Gwin,Kim, Ji Hyung Springer-Verlag 2018 Conservation genetics resources Vol.10 No.4