Noninvasive visualization of early osteoarthritic cartilage using targeted nanosomes in a destabilization of the medial meniscus mouse model

Cho, Hongsik,Kim, Byoung Ju,Park, Sang-Hyug,Hasty, Karen A,Min, Byoung-Hyun Dove Medical Press 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.13 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Early stage osteoarthritis (OA) is clinically asymptomatic due to the avascular and the aneural nature of the cartilage tissue. Nevertheless, early detection of cartilage tissue is critical in order to impede the progression of OA. Hence, in order to develop effective preventive therapy for OA, diagnosis in the early stages is necessary.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>To achieve this goal, we have developed targeted, fluorescent nanosomes conjugated with monoclonal anti-type II collagen antibodies (MabCII) for diagnosis of early OA. The MabCII-coated nanosomes (targeted-nanosomes) bind to the damaged cartilage explants in vitro and in vivo in an OA mouse model that mimics early stage OA. The OA mouse model was induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) in 9–10 weeks old C57Bl/6 mice.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The targeted-nanosomes enhanced the binding specificity to the cartilage tissue according to the severity of damage.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>We show that MabCII-nanosomes can precisely detect early stage OA in the DMM mouse model. Thus, MabCII-nanosomes have the potential to be used as a non-invasive method for diagnosing the early osteoarthritic lesions.</P>

Synergistic Effect of Combined Growth Factors in Porcine Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Cho, Hongsik,Lee, Sangmin,Park, Sang-Hyug,Huang, Jinsong,Hasty, Karen A.,Kim, Song-Ja Informa Healthcare 2013 Connective tissue research Vol.54 No.3

<P>Although intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is one of most common causes of morbidity, its etiology remains unclear. In healthy discs, the rates of synthesis and breakdown of the extracelluar matrix (ECM) are in equilibrium because of intricate regulation by growth factors and catabolic cytokines. Important among these physiologic growth factors are transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Disc degeneration is thought to be associated with a loss of this homeostasis between proteoglycan (PG) synthesis and cytokine-induced degradation leading to up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) families and down-regulation of extracelluar matrix production. Several strategies using biological agents have been attempted to manage IVD degeneration, improving the function and anabolic capabilities of IVD cells and inhibiting matrix degradation. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of the anabolic cytokines BMP-2 and TGF-β1 with those of the catabolic cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on porcine annulus fibrosus (AF). The results of this study show that the application of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β to normal annulus fibrosus cells leads to a significant increase in tissue levels of the degradative protease MMP-1. Treatment with a combination of minimum doses of both BMP-2 and TGF-β1 caused a greater decrease in MMP-1 and increase in aggrecan than either cytokine alone, suggesting a synergistic effect of the combined cytokines.</P>

Comparison of Geostrophic Current Estimation around the Korean Peninsula from Remote Sensing-based MSS Models

Cho, Jaemyoung,Lee, Dongha,Lee, Miran,Cho, Jungho,Yun, Hongsik,Jeong, Taejun,Jang, Am,Kim, Taeyun BioOne (Coastal Education and Research Foundation) 2013 JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH Vol.65 No.-

<P>Altimetry satellites like Geosat, ERS-1/2, Envisat and Topex-Poseidon, which have been developed and deployed since the 1970s, have collected immense arrays of data on the sea, and the data thus gathered have been used in oceanography as well as in a variety of scientific disciplines, such as geophysics and geodesy. The mean dynamic ocean topography or Sea Surface Topography (SST), obtained by calculating the difference between the Mean Sea Surface (MSS) and the geoid surface, plays a critical role in determining the earth's shape and geoid as well as in the precision modeling of the earth's gravity field, ocean currents, and tidal waves. In the study, the MSS_CNES_CLS10 (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales Collectre Localisation Satellites 2010) and DTU10MSS (Danmarks Tekniske Universitet 2010) MSS models calculated with the data obtained by a number of altimetry and gravity observation satellites, such as Topex/Poseidon, CHAMP, and GRACE, as well as a geoid model calculated from the EGM2008 gravity field model, were employed to determine the SST around the Korean Peninsula and to calculate its geostrophic current, the key source of the sea surface current. The SST and geostrophic current were also calculated using the MSS_CNES_CLS10 and DTU10MSS MSS model calculated from the satellite data, as well as a geoid model calculated from the EGM2008 earth's gravity field model, with a maximum degree and order 20 In the study, comparing calculated velocity with measured data and previous researches, calculated velocity of current is as 2 to 4 times faster than measured velocity at the East Sea which changes depth rapidly. However, it is similar to velocity and direction at over 40km far from the coastal area and the Yellow Sea which changes depth gradually. Also, as a result of comparison with two MSS models, MSS_CNES _CLS10 model is more accurate than DTU10MSS model, but the difference was trivial. If it is possible to estimate the movement of oceanic current which are affected by wind, pressure, density, tides and temperature of ocean, and add onto method of estimating geostrophic current used in this research, we will be able to estimate in more detail at the oceanic current This study would provide some useful data for maritime voyage and fishery.</P>

프랑스에서 종교와 안보: 정체성의 정치

조홍식(HongSik CHO) 프랑스학회 2016 프랑스학연구 Vol.77 No.-

Les attentats terroristes de 2015, perpetres au nom de l’islam, ont propulse sur le devant de la scène la dimension religieuse de la securite. Cet article souligne la necessite de considerer cette dimension non seulement par l’analyse du cas de l’islam, mais aussi par celle des autres religions, dans une perspective historique de plus longue duree. Ainsi, on s’apercoit que mê̂me la religion catholique a pose de manière repetitive des questions de securite, tant sur le plan interieure lors des guerres de religion, que sur les fronts exterieurs lors des guerres post-revolutionnaires dans le cadre de l’alliance conservatrice internationale. De mê̂me, les protestants et les juifs ont souffert des prejuges et des inquietudes concernant leur integration et leur loyaute envers la communaute nationale. Cet article se propose donc d’analyser ces phenomènes par le double processus de formation d’identite, tant à l’interieur du groupe religieux qu’aux relations exterieures que ce groupe entretient avec le reste de la societe. Cette approche qu’on appelle la politique de l’identite permet de mettre en lumière le double processus de formation identitaire. Dans cette perspective, les relations entre la religion et la securite deviennent plus mouvantes, malleables, et ajustables. Avec une volonte d’integration et d’interaction, des politiques publiques intelligentes, refusant des attitudes xenophobes d’exclusion, peuvent ê̂tre elaborees.

페이지 선반입 및 선사상을 위한 페이지 부재 궤적 분석

조성제(SungJe Cho),박홍식(HongSik Park),조유근(YooKun Cho) 한국정보과학회 1995 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.1

페이지 선반입(page prefetcing)은 다음에 참조될 페이지를 디스크로부터 미리 읽어들임으로써 페이지 반입 지연 시간을 줄여 준다. 본 논문에서는 디스크로부터 선반입할 페이지를 결정하기 위해 페이지 부재의 궤적(page fault trace)을 분석하였다. 메모리 부하가 적을때 페이지 부재의 궤적을 분석하여 보면, 총 부재에서 디스크로부터 입력을 필요로하는 페이지 부재의 비율은 응용에 따라 다소 차이는 있지만 7.2~26.1%로 비교적 적은 편이며, 대부분의 부재는 공유 라이브러리 영역이나 sbrk 시스템 호출 수행시 할당받는 heap 영역에서 발생한다. 이는 사용가능한 메모리의 용량이 가상 메모리 요구량보다 클때 페이지 선반입 기법만 사용해서는 많은 성능 향상을 기대할 수 없다는 것을 암시한다. 본 논문에서는 페이지 부재가 발생했을 때 프로세스가 다음에 참조할 페이지가 이미 메모리에 상주하거나 또는 가용 페이지를 할당하여 부재 발생을 예방할 수 있는 경우에는 다음 페이지를 미리 페이지 테이블에 사상(할당)하는 기법도 간략히 소개한다.

Design of Magnetic Shield for Hall-Effect Current Sensor Using Integrated Magnetic Concentrator

Hongsik Hwang,Junghyun Cho,Cheewoo Lee 한국조명·전기설비학회 2020 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.34 No.3

This paper proposes a shield shape design for minimizing the integrated magnetic concentrator (IMC) hall current sensor shield. Inside flux density and outside magnetic field error rate aren’t satisfied with performance by reducing an initial U-shaped IMC hall current sensor shield’s width and height for an IMC hall current sensor minimization. In order to solve the problem, first, inside flux density is decreased by adding air gap in the shield. Second, outside magnetic field error rate is decreased by adding top shield. Finally, suitable shield shape for minimization is designed by adding top middle shield. The minimization design work is reduced the number of experiments by using the orthogonal array table and main effect analysis method, which are one of the methods of the experimental design method. The proposed model satisfied the design considerations, and the shield area is reduced by 83.7% from the initial model, proving that it was a suitable shield shape for minimization.

Wetland Function Evaluation and Expert Assessment of Organic Rice-Fish Mixed Farming System

Hongsik Nam,Kwanglai Park,Nanhee An,Sangmin Lee,Junglai Cho,Bongrae Kim,Jongahk Lim,Changwon Lee,Seonu Choi,Changhyun Kim,Minjae Kong,Jinkwan Son 한국습지학회 2018 한국습지학회지 Vol.20 No.2

우리나라 농업․농촌은 경영 개선을 위해 유기농 쌀 생산과 더불어 담수어를 생산하는 복합영농이 시작되었다. 본 연구는 복합영농이 환경, 생태적 기능에 얼마나 가치가 있는지 알아보았다. 연구방법은 전문가 평가와 습지평가체계(RAM)를 분석하였다. 전문가 조사 결과 양서파충류 서식처(2.39), 수서곤충 서식처(2.36), 어류 서식처(2.34), 식생다양성(2.13), 조류 서식처(2.05) 등 생물다양성 분야와 체험/생태교육(2.29) 기능이 1순위로 구분되었다. Modified RAM를 통해 관행논과 복합논의 습지기능평가를 실시한 결과 복합논이 대부분의 평가기능 항목에서 기능이 향상 되는 것으로 평가되었다. 보전가치 판단기준은 관행논 향상에서 복합논 보전으로 가치가 향상 되었다. 연구결과 복합영농은 관행논에 비해 습지 기능이 탁월하게 개선되는 것을 평가를 통해 알 수 있었다. 논은 국가 생물다양성 유지에 지대한 역할을 수행하며, 기후조절, 탄소저감 등 다양한 생태계서비스를 제공하는 공간으로 평가받는다. 복합영농 실현은 논의 다양한 생태계서비스 기능을 증진시켜 줄 뿐 아니라 물고기 생산이라는 부가가치를 통한 농가의 소득증대와 그로 인한 체험, 전통계승 등의 사회적 기능 증진에도 유용 할 수 있다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 습지기능평가가 높게 개선된 항목과 전문가들로부터 높은 개선이 예상된 항목을 실재 운영 시 정량 평가 및 조사하여 생산되는 물고기과 쌀의 친환경 이미지를 제고시키고 브랜드, 음식, 체험, 논농업 직불제 등 다양한 분야로 활용하도록 연구를 추가적으로 추진해야 할 것으로 판단된다. A mixed farming system that includes organic rice production and freshwater fish farming is being called into attention in Korean agricultural industry and rural areas in order to improve farm management and environmental conservation. This study was conducted to evaluate the environmental and ecological value of such mixed farming practices. Expert assessment and rapid assessment method (RAM) of wetland evaluation were employed for this study. Experts have responded that biodiversity conservation including amphibian and reptile habitat (2.39), aquatic insect habitat (2.36), Fishery habitat (2.34), vegetation diversity (2.13), avian habitat (2.05), and experience and education were the most important function of mixed farming. The wetland function evaluation conducted using modified RAM indicated that rice-fish mixed system showed improvements in most of the evaluated functions, compared to the conventional rice paddies. The overall wetland function of rice paddies in rice-fish mixed system was greatly improved as compared with the conventional rice paddies. Rice paddies are known to play an important role in biodiversity maintenance, and provide ecosystem services such as climate modulation and carbon reduction. Rice-fish mixed system of farming may not only improve various ecosystem services of rice paddies, but may increase farm income through value added fish farming, as well as promotion of social services such as education and maintenance of tradition. Additional research is needed for quantitative analysis of the values gained from the most improved wetland function when mixed farming system is actually put into practice, and to utilize the results in advertising of the organic rice, and in various sectors such as food, education and direct payment policy.

승강기 도어용 자속교번 영구자석 전동기의 토크 맥동 저감

황홍식(Hongsik Hwang),조정현(Jeonghyun Cho),이치우(Cheewoo Lee) 대한전기학회 2019 전기학회논문지 Vol.68 No.2

A flux-switching permanent magnet (FSPM) motor using ferrite magnet is proposed to replace a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) for elevator door applications. The prototype of an FSPM motor has been built up for experimental validation. Back-electromotive force (EMF) is estimated to prove that simulated results are correct and reliable. The efficiency of an FSPM motor has been verified to be comparable to that of a PMSM in spite of using ferrite magnet, but there is a disadvantage in torque ripple due to the interaction of harmonic components between back-EMF and magneto-motive force (MMF). However, most of researches on an FSPM motor have been focused on eliminating the harmonic components of back-EMF. In this paper, the design process of an FSPM motor based on winding function theory has been given to diminish torque ripple by considering the harmonic components of back-EMF and MMF along with cogging torque at the same time.

Power Consumption Analysis and Miniaturization Design of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Washing Machine with respect to Gear Use

Jeonghyun Cho,Hongsik Hwang,Cheewoo Lee 한국자기학회 2020 Journal of Magnetics Vol.25 No.1

In this paper, the energy consumption of PMSM was compared simultaneously in direct and indirect drive systems, considering the efficiency of the operating point in the washing and dehydration modes. DD (Direct Drive) washing machines have the disadvantage of high-power consumption due to the difference in driving point efficiency of washing and dehydration. Therefore, in this paper, a method of changing the washing operation point using a gear is proposed. Two types of miniaturization models that satisfies the output level under two gear conditions are designed, and energy consumption with respect to the operating mode of the washing machine is analyzed and compared. From the viewpoint of power consumption, optimal stacking and gear combination model is selected. In conclusion, the energy consumption of the optimum gear model is decreased about 97 Wh and material cost of the motor down by 57.3 % compared with base DD motor.

Controlling Chemoimmunotherapy-induced Immunosuppression by Assemblable Immune Modulating Nanosuspension Combined with Supra-adjuvant

Juhee CHO,Sangnam LEE,Seung Mo JIN,Hongsik SHIN,Yeon Jeong YOO,Sei Hyun PARK,Ryounho EUN,SuHyeon KIM,Soyoung PARK,Janghun HEO,Teayeong KIM,Yong Taik LIM 한국생물공학회 2022 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.9