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Chellappan Soundar Raju,Abubakker Aslam,Appakan Shajahan 한국원예학회 2016 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.57 No.1
We developed a protocol to produce synthetic seeds of mango ginger (Curcuma amada Roxb.) for large-scale propagation, storage, and germplasm exchange. The seeds were produced by encapsulating somatic embryos in a calcium–alginate matrix. Embryogenic callus was induced from leaf sheath explants on 0.8% agar solidified with full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose, 2.0 mg·L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg·L-1 6-benzyladenine (BA). Somatic embryos were induced by transferring the calli to 1/2 MS liquid medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.3 mg·L-1 BA. A synthetic seed coat for the somatic embryos that is uniform in size and shape was produced by incubating the embryos in 3% (w/v) sodium alginate in 1/2 MS liquid medium and exposure to 100 mM calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O) for 15 min. The highest germination percentage of synthetic seeds (91.66%) was achieved on 1/2 MS solid medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose and 0.25 mg·L-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) in darkness (24 h) for 35 days. Sucrose-dehydrated synthetic seeds showed better storability than fresh seeds. Synthetic seeds that were dehydrated in 8.55% (w/v) sucrose solution and stored at 4C showed germination percentages of approximately 88.10% after 30 days of storage and 54.16% after 120 days of storage. Plantlets were successfully acclimatized to ex vitro conditions (survival rate, 82.66%) and showed normal development and normal phenotypes. In a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, a monomorphic banding profile was obtained from the plants derived from synthetic seeds that had been stored for 120 days. This confirmed the genetic fidelity of the plants derived from the stored artificial seeds.
A Calix[4]imidazolium[2]pyridine as an Anion Receptor
Chellappan, Kavitha,Singh, N. Jiten,Hwang, In-Chul,Lee, Jung Woo,Kim, Kwang S. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2005 Angewandte Chemie Vol.117 No.19
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Ein effektives makrocyclisches Ionophor für F<SUP>−</SUP>-Ionen, das aus einer Anordnung positiv geladener Imidazoliumeinheiten besteht, wurde hergestellt. Das Calix[4]imidazolium[2]pyridin-Kation bildet mit F<SUP>−</SUP>-Ionen einen 1:1-Komplex, wie Bindungsstudien mithilfe der <SUP>1</SUP>H-NMR-Spektroskopie, die Kristallstrukturbestimmung (siehe Bild) und Dichtefunktionalrechnungen belegen. <img src='wiley_img/00448249-2005-117-19-ANGE200500119-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/00448249-2005-117-19-ANGE200500119-content'> </P>
Effect of phonons on valley depolarization in monolayer WSe2
Vijila Chellappan,Ai Lin Christina Pang,Soumya Sarkar,Zi En Ooi,Kuan Eng Johnson Goh 대한금속·재료학회 2018 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.14 No.6
In this paper, temperature dependence of the excitonic bands in a mechanically exfoliated tungsten diselenide (WSe 2 ) monolayeris studied using photoluminescence and circular dichroic photoluminescence (PL) in the temperature range between8 and 300 K. The peak energies associated with the neutral exciton (A), charged exciton (trion) and localized excitons areextracted from the PL spectra revealing a trion binding energy of around 30 meV. The circular dichroic PL measured at 8 Kshows about 45% valley polarisation that sharply reduces with increasing temperature to 5% at 300 K with photoexcitationenergy of 1.96 eV. A detailed analysis of the emission line-width suggests that the rapid decrease of valley polarisation withthe increase of temperature is caused by the strong exciton–phonon interactions which effi ciently scatter the excitons intodiff erent excitonic states that are easily accessible due to the supply of excess photoexcitation energy. The emission linewidthbroadening with the increase of temperature indicate residual exciton dephasing lifetime < 100 fs, that correlates withthe observed rapid valley depolarisation.
Enhanced Performance Using an SU-8 Dielectric Interlayer in a Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cell
Pang, Christina,Chellappan, Vijila,Yim, Jong Hyuk,Tan, Mein Jin,Goh, Glen Tai Wei,Lee, Soonil,Zhang, Jie,de Mello, John American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.9
<P>The effect of inserting an SU-8 dielectric interlayer into inverted bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) was studied. Insertion of an ultrathin layer of SU-8 between the zinc oxide (ZnO) electron transport layer and the photoactive layer resulted in a smoother interface and a 14% enhancement in power conversion efficiency. The properties of devices with and without an SU-8 interlayer were investigated using transient photovoltage (TPV) and double injection (DoI) techniques, and it was found that devices with SU-8 show longer carrier lifetimes and greater mobility–lifetime (μ–τ) products than those without. Devices with SU-8 were also found to have improved stability. The results indicate that the insertion of an SU-8 interlayer reduces the recombination rate for photogenerated carriers without affecting the charge transport properties, improving overall performance and stability.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2015/aamick.2015.7.issue-9/am508177p/production/images/medium/am-2014-08177p_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am508177p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
A pioneer scheme in the detection and defense of DrDoS attack involving spoofed flooding packets
( Kavisankar L ),( Chellappan C ),( Sivasankar P ),( Ashwin Karthi ),( Srinivas A ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2014 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.8 No.5
DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) has been a continuous threat to the cyber world with the growth in cyber technology. This technical evolution has given rise to a number of ultra-sophisticated ways for the attackers to perform their DDoS attack. In general, the attackers who generate the denial of service, use the vulnerabilities of the TCP. Some of the vulnerabilities like SYN (synchronization) flooding, and IP spoofing are used by the attacker to create these Distributed Reflected Denial of Service (DrDoS) attacks. An attacker, with the assistance of IP spoofing creates a number of attack packets, which reflects the flooded packets to an attacker`s intended victim system, known as the primary target. The proposed scheme, Efficient Spoofed Flooding Defense (ESFD) provides two level checks which, consist of probing and non-repudiation, before allocating a service to the clients. The probing is used to determine the availability of the requested client. Non-repudiation is taken care of by the timestamp enabled in the packet, which is our major contribution. The real time experimental results showed the efficiency of our proposed ESFD scheme, by increasing the performance of the CPU up to 40%, the memory up to 52% and the network bandwidth up to 67%. This proves the fact that the proposed ESFD scheme is fast and efficient, negating the impact on the network, victim and primary target.
Phytochemical analysis and antioxidant potential of the crude extract of Allium oschaninii scape
Seenivasaperumal Alagarsamy,Pandiselvam Chellappan,Michel Thomas Jesuraj,Manoj Saravana Guru Mohan,Rengesh Balakrishnan 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2018 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.18 No.4
The present study focuses on the antioxidant potential of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the scape of Allium oschaninii. Phytochemical analysis and total phenolic content for both the extracts and Total flavonoid content for ethanolic extract were determined. Anti-microbial activity of different concentrations of both the extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus was investigated. The total antioxidant power (TAP), 2,2′-azinobis( 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assays were carried out. IC50 values of aqueous and ethanolic extract to scavenge ABTS and DPPH free radical were determined as 0.2524, 0.5467 and 0.6155, 0.9591 (mg/mL) respectively. FRAP and TAP results of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts were determined to be 2530.972 and 1199.86 (μmol of Fe2+ per 1000 μg of extract) and 84.13 ± 5.51 and 141.88 ± 40.49 (equivalent mg of ferulic acid per 150 mg dried sample) respectively. These results signify the antioxidant power potential of the scape of A.oschaninii.
Neha G. Wasnik,Mahalakshmi. Muthusamy,Savitha Chellappan,Veena Vaidhyanathan,Ramakrishna Pulla,Kalaiselvi Senthil,양덕춘 한국자원식물학회 2009 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.22 No.6
Adventitious root culture was established in the Jawahar variety of Withania somnifera using MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 (mg/l) IAA and 2.0 (mg/l) IBA. Root tips from germinated seedlings, MS0 maintained plants and adventitious roots were maintained in suspension medium (1/2 MS basal medium supplemented with 3% sucrose) for a period of 1 to 6 months. The weight gain in roots was noted and the withanolides were extracted from the dry roots using solvents petroleum ether, 50% ethanol and chloroform. The withanolides in the chloroform fractions of all root samples analyzed were compared using thin layer chromatographic analysis. Withanolide content in adventitious root sample was found to be superior compared to other roots at any given point of time during the 6month growth period.HPLC analysis of in vitro adventitious roots showed the presence of a new compound.