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Isolation and Characterization of Calmodulin Gene from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer
Neha G. Wasnik,Yu-Jin Kim,Se-Hwa Kim,Sathymoorthy S,Rama Krishna Pulla,Shohana Parvin,Kalaiselvi Senthil,Deok Chun Yang 고려인삼학회 2009 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.33 No.1
Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> and calmodulin (CaM), a key Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> sensor in all eukaryotes, have been implicated for defense responses of plants. Eukaryotic CaM contains four structurally and functionally similar Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> domains named Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and IV. Each Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> binding loop consists of 12 amino acid residues with ligands arranged spatially to satisfy the octahedral symmetry of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> binding. To investigate the altered gene expression and the role of CaM in ginseng plant defense system, cDNA clone containing a CaM gene, designated PgCaM was isolated and sequenced from Panax ginseng. PgCaM, which has open reading frame of 450 nucleotides predicted to encode a precursor protein of 150 amino acid residues. Its sequence shows high homologies with a number of other CaMs, with more similarity to CaM of Daucus carota (AAQ63461). The expression of PgCaM in different P. ginseng organs was analyzed using real time PCR. The results showed that PgCaM expressed at different levels in young leaves, shoots, and roots of 3-week-old P. ginseng. In addition, the expressions of PgCaM under different abiotic stresses were analyzed at different time intervals.
Neha G. Wasnik,Mahalakshmi. Muthusamy,Savitha Chellappan,Veena Vaidhyanathan,Ramakrishna Pulla,Kalaiselvi Senthil,양덕춘 한국자원식물학회 2009 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.22 No.6
Adventitious root culture was established in the Jawahar variety of Withania somnifera using MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 (mg/l) IAA and 2.0 (mg/l) IBA. Root tips from germinated seedlings, MS0 maintained plants and adventitious roots were maintained in suspension medium (1/2 MS basal medium supplemented with 3% sucrose) for a period of 1 to 6 months. The weight gain in roots was noted and the withanolides were extracted from the dry roots using solvents petroleum ether, 50% ethanol and chloroform. The withanolides in the chloroform fractions of all root samples analyzed were compared using thin layer chromatographic analysis. Withanolide content in adventitious root sample was found to be superior compared to other roots at any given point of time during the 6month growth period.HPLC analysis of in vitro adventitious roots showed the presence of a new compound.