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Chan Miller, Christopher,Jacob, Daniel J.,Marais, Eloise A.,Yu, Karen,Travis, Katherine R.,Kim, Patrick S.,Fisher, Jenny A.,Zhu, Lei,Wolfe, Glenn M.,Hanisco, Thomas F.,Keutsch, Frank N.,Kaiser, Jennif Copernicus GmbH 2017 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.17 No.14
<P>Abstract. Glyoxal (CHOCHO) is produced in the atmosphere by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Like formaldehyde (HCHO), another VOC oxidation product, it is measurable from space by solar backscatter. Isoprene emitted by vegetation is the dominant source of CHOCHO and HCHO in most of the world. We use aircraft observations of CHOCHO and HCHO from the SENEX campaign over the southeast US in summer 2013 to better understand the CHOCHO time-dependent yield from isoprene oxidation, its dependence on nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2), the behavior of the CHOCHO-HCHO relationship, the quality of OMI CHOCHO satellite observations, and the implications for using CHOCHO observations from space as constraints on isoprene emissions. We simulate the SENEX and OMI observations with the Goddard Earth Observing System chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) featuring a new chemical mechanism for CHOCHO formation from isoprene. The mechanism includes prompt CHOCHO formation under low-NOx conditions following the isomerization of the isoprene peroxy radical (ISOPO2). The SENEX observations provide support for this prompt CHOCHO formation pathway, and are generally consistent with the GEOS-Chem mechanism. Boundary layer CHOCHO and HCHO are strongly correlated in the observations and the model, with some departure under low-NOx conditions due to prompt CHOCHO formation. SENEX vertical profiles indicate a free-tropospheric CHOCHO background that is absent from the model. The OMI CHOCHO data provide some support for this free-tropospheric background and show southeast US enhancements consistent with the isoprene source but a factor of 2 too low. Part of this OMI bias is due to excessive surface reflectivities assumed in the retrieval. The OMI CHOCHO and HCHO seasonal data over the southeast US are tightly correlated and provide redundant proxies of isoprene emissions. Higher temporal resolution in future geostationary satellite observations may enable detection of the prompt CHOCHO production under low-NOx conditions apparent in the SENEX data. </P>
Matsucoccus 屬의 1新種 記載(매미目 : 짚신깍지벌레科)
DOUGLASS R. MILLER,SEUNG-CHAN PARK 한국응용곤충학회 1987 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.26 No.2
Matsucoccus속(屬)은 세계(世界)의 소나무림(林)에 걸쳐 분포(分布)하고 있으며 이중 우리나라 전남지방(全南地方)에서 해송림(海松林)에 피해(被害)를 주는 솔껍질깍지벌레가 신종(新種)으로 밝혀져 M. thunbergianae로 명명(命名)하였다. 신종(新種)의 충태별(蟲態別) 형태(形態) 및 생활사(生活史)가 근연종(近緣種)과 비교(比較)되었는데 이는 M. matsumurae (Kuwana) 및 M. resinosae Bean & Godwin과 가장 형태(形態)가 비슷하였다. 본종(本種)은 1년(年) 1세대(世代) 발생(發生)하며 2영충(齡蟲)으로 월동(越冬)하는 반면(反面) M. matsumurae와 M. resinosae는 1년(年) 2세대(世代) 발생(發生)하며 1영충(齡蟲)으로 월동(越冬)한다. 1년(年) 2세대(世代) 이상(以上) 발생(發生)하는 종(種)들에 있어서 세대간(世代間)의 형태적(形態的) 차이(差異)도 언급되었다. A new species of scale insect, Matsutoctus thunbergianae Miller and Park, is described using life history information and morphological characteristics of adult female, adult male, third instar male, and first instar. The species is morphologically similar to M. matsumurae (Kuwana) and M. resinosae Bean and Godwin, the most obvious structural differences are found in the adult male. The species is univoltine and overwinters as second instars, whereas M. matsumurae and M. resinosae are bivoltine and overwinter as first instars. Information is given supporting evidence that the same instar of different generations of multivoltine species differ significantly morphologically.
Meeting Report: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development Meeting
Mark Steven Miller,Peter J. Allen,Powel H. Brown,Andrew T. Chan,Margie L. Clapper,Roderick H. Dashwood,Shadmehr Demehri,Mary L. Disis,Raymond N. DuBois,Robert J. Glynn,Thomas W. Kensler,Seema A. Khan 대한암예방학회 2021 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.26 No.1
The Division of Cancer Prevention of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Disease Prevention of the National Institutes of Health co-sponsored the Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development Meeting on August 27 to 28, 2020. The goals of this meeting were to foster the exchange of ideas and stimulate new collaborative interactions among leading cancer prevention researchers from basic and clinical research; highlight new and emerging trends in immunoprevention and chemoprevention as well as new information from clinical trials; and provide information to the extramural research community on the significant resources available from the NCI to promote prevention agent development and rapid translation to clinical trials. The meeting included two plenary talks and five sessions covering the range from pre-clinical studies with chemo/immunopreventive agents to ongoing cancer prevention clinical trials. In addition, two NCI informational sessions describing contract resources for the preclinical agent development and cooperative grants for the Cancer Prevention Clinical Trials Network were also presented.
Virtues in Relation to Subjective Well-Being for People With Chronic Illness and Disability
Phillip S. Keck,Deborah J. Miller,Rene Gonzalez,Fong Chan,Norman L. Berven,Jeong Han Kim 한국상담학회 2011 Journal of Asia Pacific counseling Vol.1 No.1
This study examined the strength of two constructs of positive psychology, virtue and character, in relation to subjective wellbeing. The sample consisted of 100 individuals with chronic illnesses and disabilities. Participants were clustered based on their Sense of Well-Being Inventory-Revised subscale scores using Ward`s hierarchical agglomerative clustering method. Three clusters were identified and labeled as high, intermediate, and low well-being. More than half of the participants (n=59) were identified to be in the intermediate well-being cluster, while the remaining participants were identified in the high (n=23) and low (n=18) well-being clusters. Discriminant analysis, followed by univariate analyses of variance, indicated that the three well-being clusters could be differentiated based on the two virtue factors. The participants in the high well-being cluster demonstrated higher practical wisdom and interpersonal harmony scores. Thus, evidence was found to support a relationship between the constructs of virtue and character strength and the subjective well-being of people with disabilities.
Cao, Hansen,Fu, Tzung-May,Zhang, Lin,Henze, Daven K.,Miller, Christopher Chan,Lerot, Christophe,Abad, Gonzalo Gonzá,lez,De Smedt, Isabelle,Zhang, Qiang,van Roozendael, Michel,Hendrick, Fran&cced Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.18 No.20
<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> We used the GEOS-Chem model and its adjoint to quantify Chinese non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC) emissions for the year 2007, using the tropospheric column concentrations of formaldehyde and glyoxal observed by the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment 2A (GOME-2A) instrument and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) as quantitative constraints. We conducted a series of inversion experiments using different combinations of satellite observations to explore their impacts on the top-down emission estimates. Our top-down estimates for Chinese annual total NMVOC emissions were 30.7 to 49.5 (average 41.9) Tg<span class='thinspace'></span>yr<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup></span>, including 16.4 to 23.6 (average 20.2) Tg<span class='thinspace'></span>yr<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup></span> from anthropogenic sources, 12.2 to 22.8 (average 19.2) Tg<span class='thinspace'></span>yr<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup></span> from biogenic sources, and 2.08 to 3.13 (average 2.48) Tg<span class='thinspace'></span>yr<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup></span> from biomass burning. In comparison, the a priori estimate for Chinese annual total NMVOC emissions was 38.3<span class='thinspace'></span>Tg<span class='thinspace'></span>yr<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup></span>, including 18.8<span class='thinspace'></span>Tg<span class='thinspace'></span>yr<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup></span> from anthropogenic sources, 17.3<span class='thinspace'></span>Tg<span class='thinspace'></span>yr<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup></span> from biogenic sources, and 2.27<span class='thinspace'></span>Tg<span class='thinspace'></span>yr<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup></span> from biomass burning. The simultaneous use of glyoxal and formaldehyde observations helped distinguish the NMVOC species from different sources and was essential in constraining anthropogenic emissions. Our four inversion experiments consistently showed that the Chinese anthropogenic emissions of NMVOC precursors of glyoxal were larger than the a priori estimates. Our top-down estimates for Chinese annual emission of anthropogenic aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylene) ranged from 5.5 to 7.9<span class='thinspace'></span>Tg<span class='thinspace'></span>yr<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup></span>, 2<span class='thinspace'></span>% to 46<span class='thinspace'></span>% larger than the estimate of the a priori emission inventory (5.4<span class='thinspace'></span>Tg<span class='thinspace'></span>yr<span class='inline-formula'><sup>−1</sup>)</span>. Three out of our four inversion experiments indicated that the seasonal variation in Chinese NMVOC emissions was significantly stronger than indicated in the a priori inventory. Model simulations driven by the average of our top-down NMVOC emission estimates (which had a stronger seasonal variation than the a priori) showed that surface afternoon ozone concentrations over eastern China increased by 1-8<span class='thinspace'></span>ppb in June and decreased by 1-10<span class='thinspace'></span>ppb in December relative to the simulations using the a priori emissions and were in better agreement with measurements. We concluded that the satellite observations of formaldehyde and glyoxal together provided quantitative constraints on the emissions and source types of NMVOCs over China and improved our understanding on regional chemistry.</p> </P>