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BESTION DOMINIQUE,GUELFI ANTOINE,DEN/EER/SSTH CEA-GRENOBLE, Korean Nuclear Society 2005 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.37 No.6
Thermalhydraulic reactor simulation of tomorrow will require a new generation of codes combining at least three scales, the CFD scale in open medium, the component scale and the system scale. DNS will be used as a support for modelling more macroscopic models. NEPTUNE is such a new generation multi-scale platform developed jointly by CEA-DEN and EDF-R&D and also supported by IRSN and FRAMATOME-ANP. The major steps towards the next generation lie in new physical models and improved numerical methods. This paper presents the advances obtained so far in physical modelling for each scale. Macroscopic models of system and component scales include multi-field modelling, transport of interfacial area, and turbulence modelling. Two-phase CFD or CMFD was first applied to boiling bubbly flow for departure from nucleate boiling investigations and to stratified flow for pressurised thermal shock investigations. The main challenges of the project are presented, some selected results are shown for each scale, and the perspectives for future are also drawn. Direct Numerical Simulation tools with Interface Tracking Techniques are also developed for even smaller scale investigations leading to a better understanding of basic physical processes and allowing the development of closure relations for macroscopic and CFD models.
Cea, Michele,Cagnetta, Antonia,Fulciniti, Mariateresa,Tai, Yu-Tzu,Hideshima, Teru,Chauhan, Dharminder,Roccaro, Aldo,Sacco, Antonio,Calimeri, Teresa,Cottini, Francesca,Jakubikova, Jana,Kong, Sun-Young American Society of Hematology 2012 Blood Vol.120 No.17
<B>Abstract</B><P>Malignant cells have a higher nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) turnover rate than normal cells, making this biosynthetic pathway an attractive target for cancer treatment. Here we investigated the biologic role of a rate-limiting enzyme involved in NAD+ synthesis, Nampt, in multiple myeloma (MM). Nampt-specific chemical inhibitor FK866 triggered cytotoxicity in MM cell lines and patient MM cells, but not normal donor as well as MM patients PBMCs. Importantly, FK866 in a dose-dependent fashion triggered cytotoxicity in MM cells resistant to conventional and novel anti-MM therapies and overcomes the protective effects of cytokines (IL-6, IGF-1) and bone marrow stromal cells. Nampt knockdown by RNAi confirmed its pivotal role in maintenance of both MM cell viability and intracellular NAD+ stores. Interestingly, cytotoxicity of FK866 triggered autophagy, but not apoptosis. A transcriptional-dependent (TFEB) and independent (PI3K/mTORC1) activation of autophagy mediated FK866 MM cytotoxicity. Finally, FK866 demonstrated significant anti-MM activity in a xenograft-murine MM model, associated with down-regulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and proteolytic cleavage of LC3 in tumor cells. Our data therefore define a key role of Nampt in MM biology, providing the basis for a novel targeted therapeutic approach.</P>
Bravo, Eduardo,Contardo, Jorge,Cea, Jerson Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3
Background: Chile is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of cholelithiasis worldwide, considering the Mapuche ethnicity as a risk factor for developing this pathology. Moreover, cholelithiasis is the main risk factor for developing gallbladder cancer, being the fifth cause of cancer death in Chile. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of cholelithiasis and biliary pathology among the population belonging to Rapanui ethnicity and non-Rapanui population living on Easter Island. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, a total of 609 abdominal ultrasonographs performed consecutively in Hanga Roa Hospital during the period August 2012 to January 2015 were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of cholelithiasis and biliary pathology, adjusting for age, gender and referral diagnostic hypothesis. Results: In the Rapanui population the frequency for cholelithiasis and biliary pathology was 6.4% and 13%, meanwhile for the non-Rapanui population it was 13% and 22% respectively. Compared to the non-Rapanui Chilean population, the Rapanui ethnicity presented an OR of 0.53 (95% CI: 0.29-0.95) for cholelithiasis and OR of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.33-0.82) for biliary pathology. Conclusions: We found statistically significant ethnic differences in the frequency of cholelithiasis and biliary disease among the population of Rapanui and non-Rapanui ethnicity, so that this could be a protective factor for the development of biliary pathology, given the Chilean population context. Other studies including community population to determine the real prevalence of cholelithiasis and analyze the protective role of Rapanui ethnicity on this disease are necessary.
Photochemical behaviour of an acid-terminated azopolymer in solution and in Langmuir–Blodgett films
Marta Haro,Ana Villares,Ignacio Gascón,Santiago Martín,Luis Oriol,Pilar Cea 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.3
Trans–cis–trans isomerization processes of an acid-terminated azopolymer have been investigated in mono and multilayered Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films and the results compared with the behaviour of this azopolymer in solution. UV–vis spectroscopy was used to determine the apparent extent of photoisomerization at the photostationary state, as well as the order and rate constant of the cis→trans thermal isomerization, whilst structural changes of the LB films during photoisomerization have been monitored by AFM microscopy. From these studies it was concluded that the trans → cis photoisomerization extent largely depends on the free volume around the azobenzene chromophores, with the smaller apparent extent of photoisomerization obtained for a well-organized 10-layer LB film. Data also revealed a first-order kinetics for the thermal cis→trans isomerization process of the azopolymer both in solution and in LB films. The cis→trans isomerization process depends on the balance between the stress produced by the larger cross-section of cis-isomers inside the system and the interactions between cis-isomers and neighbouring molecules. The slowest cis→trans isomerization process takes place in a 35-layer LB film, whilst LB films with well-packed azobenzene layers show faster cis→trans isomerization processes.
Claritromycin Resistance and Helicobacter pylori Genotypes in Italy
Vincenzo De Francesco,Marcella Margiotta,Cesare Hassan,Nicola Della Valle,Osvaldo Burattini,Roberto D’Angelo,Giuseppe Stoppino,Ugo Cea,Floriana Giorgio,Rosa Monno,Sergio Morini,Carmine Panella,Enzo Ie 한국미생물학회 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.6
The relationship between H. pylori clarithromycin resistance and genetic pattern distribution has been differently explained from different geographic areas. Therefore, we aimed to assess the clarithromycin resistance rate, to evaluate the bacterial genetic pattern, and to search for a possible association between clarithromycin resistance and cagA or vacA genes. This prospective study enrolled 62 consecutive H. pylori infected patients. The infection was established by histology and rapid urease test. Clarithromycin resistance, cagA and vacA status, including s/m subtypes, were assessed on paraffin-embedded antral biopsy specimens by TaqMan real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Primary clarithromycin resistance was detected in 24.1% of cases. The prevalence of cagA was 69.3%, and a single vacA mosaicism was observed in 95.1% cases. In detail, the s1m1 was observed in 23 (38.9%) patients, the s1m2 in 22 (37.2%), and the s2m2 in 14 (23.7%), whereas the s2m1 combination was never found. The prevalence of cagA and the vacA alleles distribution did not significantly differ between susceptible and resistant strains. Primary clarithromycin resistance is high in our area. The s1m1 and s1m2 are the most frequent vacA mosaicisms. There is no a relationship between clarithromycin resistance and bacterial genotypic pattern and/or cagA positivity.
Claritromycin Resistance and Helicobacter pylori Genotypes in Italy
Francesco Vincenzo De,Margiotta Marcella,Zullo Angelo,Hassan Cesare,Valle Nicolar Della,Burattini Osvaldo,D'Angel Roberto,Stoppino Giuseppe,Cea Ugo,Giorgio Floriana,Monno Rosa,Morini Sergio,Panella Ca The Microbiological Society of Korea 2006 The journal of microbiology Vol.44 No.6
The relationship between H. pylori clarithromycin resistance and genetic pattern distribution has been differently explained from different geographic areas. Therefore, we aimed to assess the clarithromycin resistance rate, to evaluate the bacterial genetic pattern, and to search for a possible association between clarithromycin resistance and cagA or vacA genes. This prospective study enrolled 62 consecutive H. pylori infected patients. The infection was established by histology and rapid urease test. Clarithromycin resistance, cagA and vacA status, including s/m subtypes, were assessed on paraffin-embedded antral biopsy specimens by TaqMan real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Primary clarithromycin resistance was detected in 24.1 % of cases. The prevalence of cagA was 69.3%, and a single vacA mosaicism was observed in 95.1 % cases. In detail, the s1m1 was observed in 23 (38.9%) patients, the s1m2 in 22 (37.2%), and the s2m2 in 14 (23.7%), whereas the s2m1 combination was never found. The prevalence of cagA and the vacA alleles distribution did not significantly differ between susceptible and resistant strains. Primary clarithromycin resistance is high in our area. The s1m1 and s1m2 are the most frequent vacA mosaicisms. There is no a relationship between clarithromycin resistance and bacterial genotypic pattern and/or cagA positivity.