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Early Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 28 Cases of Coronavirus Disease in South Korea
COVID-19 National Emergency Response Center,Epidemiology and Case Management Team,Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 질병관리본부 2020 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.11 No.1
Objectives The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea was reported in January 2020, with 28 confirmed cases reported as of February 14th, 2020. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of all 28 cases were analyzed in response to this disease. Methods The epidemiological characteristics and early clinical features of the 28 patients from Korea with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed using COVID-19 reporting and surveillance data and the epidemiological investigation reports prepared by the rapid response team. Results There were 16 patients that entered Korea from foreign countries: Wuhan, China (11 patients), Zhuhai, China, (1 patient), Singapore (2 patients), Japan (1 patient), and Thailand (1 patient). The early symptoms were fever, sore throat, cough or sputum production, chills, and muscle ache. Three patients were asymptomatic, however, 18 developed pneumonia. Of the 28 cases, 16 were index cases imported from abroad, with 10 cases of secondary infection originating in Korea, and the route of transmission still under investigation for 2 patients. The 10 patients with secondary infection were infected from contact with family members or acquaintances of primary patients, and the suspected sites of transmission were mostly at home. Conclusion COVID-19 in Korea was spread by 16 infected individuals traveling from other countries, leading to second-generation cases. The initial symptoms were mostly minor, but the disease was infectious at this stage, resulting from close contact, particularly at home. Establishing an early detection strategy for COVID-19 is crucial for managing the transmission of the disease.
Metabolic, Metallic and Mitotic Sources of Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer Disease
Smith, Mark A.,Zhu, Xiongwei,Nunomura, Akihiko,Raina, Arun K.,Rottkamp, Catherine A.,Takeda , Atsushi,Perry, George 한림대학교 환경·생명과학연구소 2000 [일송 국제심포지엄] 노화와 만성퇴행성 신경질환 Vol.- No.3
Alzheimer disease (AD) is marked by increases in oxidative damage to macromolecules such as sugars, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Notably, such damage is not limited to the lesions of the disease but instead involves all vulnerable neurons. These findings of oxidative abnormalities clearly predate gross described neuronal cytopathology and support the primacy of oxidative damage as an early and dynamic change of AD. Here, we review possible sources of oxidative damage as it applies to AD. Contrary to in vitro findings, correlations between cases with various extents of amyloid-β deposits or neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) show that oxidative damage is in fact reduced with increasing senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangle density (Nunomura et al., 1999a). for amyloid-β, there is a direct negative linear correlation with oxidative damage (Nunomura et al., 1999b). These findings indicate that the formation of the amyloid-β plaques and NFT, long thought of as a deleterious process leading to neuronal death, may in fact be a cytoprotective response (Morsch et al.,1999) to reduce oxidative damage.
Internet Electronic Mail: a Viable Research Tool?
Case, Carl J.,Matz, Lizabeth A. Research Institute for Business and Entrepreneursh 1998 ASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP Vol.1 No.-
The purpose of this research is to examine the utility of the Internet as a method for conducting surveys. The study compared effectiveness of Internet-delivered survey versus postal-delivered instruments. The methodology involved using a survey to solicit information technology usage data. Results suggest that although response rates for Internet subjects was approximately one-half the rate for postal-delivered subjects, responses were nearly identical. However, Internet responses were obtained in a significantly shorter period of time. Overall, the study demonstrates that the Internet provides a communication vehicle which can save time and expense in obtaining research data and potentially require fewer subjects.
Defending Borders: States and Nation-States in the ASEAN 5
William Case 서강대학교 동아연구소 2013 TRaNS(Trans –Regional and –National Studies of Sou Vol.1 No.1
Discontent simmers within social science over states and nation-states as units of analysis. Disputes over what even constitutes a state, whether simply an organizational apparatus, albeit with unique legitimacy, or a broader complex ofsocial relations, have never been resolved. But it is not just its murky delineation with which the state is afflicted. It has lately come under attack from above and below, with causality seen to be draining away to transnational and sub-national forces. This paper begins by rehearsing the economic and social vectors along which assaults on the state and the nation-state are conveyed. It then turns to Southeast Asia, a part ofthe developing world in which the state would seem especially vulnerable, its powers having been usurped by transnational firms and corroded internally by connected rent-seekers and provincial “men of prowess.” However, this paper tries also to show that in Southeast Asia, national states and territorial borders have remained quite intact. Neither globalized markets, regional formations, local identity construction, administrative decentralization or migration have shaken the standing of the state and the nation-state as appropriate units of analysis. This is especially the case when addressing major questions about regime types and change in the region.
Transition from Single-Party Dominance? New Data from Malaysia
William Case 동아시아연구원 2010 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.10 No.1
Leading theories of transitions from single-party dominant systems begin with economic crisis, the party’s loss of patronage resources, and elite-level defections. The multiparty elections that are then held exert no independent effect, but instead register neutrally the party’s decline and the democratization of politics. This article, however, shifts attention from the dominant party to citizens and elections in noncrisis conditions. It argues that citizens assess on key dimensions the dominant party’s legitimacy or worthiness of support. Further, where they grow critical of its policy outputs, they scrutinize more closely its conformity to procedures. And as they anticipate that their voting preferences will be thwarted by electoral manipulations, they vote in protest, perhaps producing a “liberalizing electoral outcome.” Elections, then, do not simply indicate the dominant party’s decline. By deepening alienation, they help citizens to cause it. Analysis is set in Malaysia, long an exemplar of single-party dominance, but recently a case in which the government was dealt a striking electoral setback.
Southeast Asia's Hybrid Regimes: When Do Voters Change Them?
William Case 동아시아연구원 2005 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.5 No.2
Today, many governments that seek to perpetuate their power operate hybrid regimes, manipulating institutions, yet holding regular elections. In this way, governments gain some legitimacy for their extended incumbency through the residual competitiveness that this regime type allows. However, recent studies show that voters may sometimes grow so activated that they make new use of this competitiveness, however limited, thereby turning elections into the means by which finally to change the regime and the government that operates it. This article examines this thesis in Southeast Asia, a region in which hybrid politics have long been practiced. Its main finding is that while change has sometimes taken place, votersparticipating only as votershave never been central.