Molecular Genetic Technology in Beef Cattle Breeding

Chung, E. R. 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1999 국제학술회의 Vol.1999 No.-

Transaplantation of neural stem cells into the spinal cord after injury

Okano, Hideyuki,Ogawa, Yuto,Nakamura, Masaya,Kaneko, Shinjiro,Iwanami, Akio,Toyama, Yoshiaki 한림대학교 환경·생명과학연구소 2003 [일송 국제심포지엄] 노화와 만성퇴행성 신경질환 Vol.- No.5

Thanks to advances in the stem cell biology of the central nervous system (CNS), the previously inconceivable regeneration of the damaged CNS is approaching reality. The availability of signals to induce the appropriate differentiation of the transplanted and/or endogenous neural stem cells(NSCs) as well as the timing of the transplantation are important for successful functional recovery of the damaged CNS. Because the immediately post-traumatic microenvironment of the spinal cord is in an acute inflammatory stage, it is not favorable for the survival and differentiation of NSC transplants. On the other hand, in the chronic stage after injury, glial scars form in the injured site that inhibit the regeneration of neuronal axons. Thus, we believe that the optimal timing of transplantation is 1-2 weeks after injury.

PHAGOCYTOSIS OF APOPTOTIC CELLS: ROLE OF αv_v β_5 INTEGRIN AND THE CRKII-DOCK180-RAC1 COMPLEX

Albert, Mettew L.,Kim, Jong-Il,Birge, Raymond B. 한림대학교 환경·생명과학연구소 2001 일송 의학ㆍ생명과학 심포지엄 Vol.- No.3

Integrin receptors are important for the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. However, little is known about their function in mediating internalization, as previous studies used blocking antibodies for the inhibition of binding. here we show that the αVβ5 receptor mediates both binding and internalization of apoptotic cells. Internalization is dependent upon signaling through the β5 cytoplasmic tail, and engagement of the αVβ5 heterodimer results in recruitment of the p130cas-Crkll-Dock180 molecular complex, which in turn triggers Rac1 activation and phagosome formation. In addition to defining integrin-receptor signaling as critical for the internalization of apoptotic material, our results also constitute the first evidence in human cells that the CED-2-CED-5-CED-10 complex defined in Caenorhabditis elegans is functionally analogous to the Crkll-Dock180-Rac1 molecular complex in mammalizan cells. By linking the αVβ5 receptor to this molecular switch, we reveal an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that is responsible for the recognition and internalization of apoptotic cells by both professional and non-professional phagocytes.

Retrograde Tracing in the Vagal Efferents and Its Branches Projecting to the Esophagus and Stomach in the House Musk Shrew, Suncus Murinus

Won, Moo-Ho 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1995 국제학술회의 Vol.1995 No.-

It is well noted that the vague nerve has heterogenous components, i.e., preganglionic parasympathetics; visceral afferents that follow its peripheral distribution; motoneurons to the pharynx, larynx and upper esophagus; gustatory fibers from near the epiglottis; and somatic afferents from the external ear. The vagus nerve is involved in many autonomic and various regulatory functions (Stephenson et al., 1988; Berthoud et al., 1991; Chambert et al., 1993). Brainstem neurons associated with autonomic and regulatory functions are difficult to describe because often they do not aggregate in histologically well defined nuclei. The central efferent organization of the vagus nerve and vagal efferent neurons projecting to some viscerae have been documented by techniques based on retrograde tract-tracing methods in many laboratory species. Vagal efferent axons originate in either the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMX) or in the vincinity of the ambigual nuclus (AN) (Norgren and Smith, 1988; Pagani et al., 1988; Hudson, 1989; Okumura and Namiki, 1990; Altschuler et al., 1991; Jou et al., 1993; Ranson et al., 1993). However, studies of the neurons projecting to the esophagus and stomach with HRP or other neuronal tracers have provided conflicting results with regard to a viscerotopic organization within the DMX and AN (Okumaura and Namiki, 1990; Altschuler et al., 1991; Jou et al., 1993; Ranson et al., 1993). On the basis of their results, it is speculated that a viscerotopic organization might exist in the DMX and AN, and that different cell groups in the DMX and AN have different functions. Some authors, however, claim that vagal targets do not show discrete or topographic representation, at least in the DMX of the some species (Hudson, 1989). It, therefore, remains unknown whether or not the viscerotopic organization exists for the DMX and AN neurons projecting to the target visceral organs. The house musk shrew, belonging to the Insectivora, has been domesticated by Oda and Kondo (1977) for use in various types of experimental manipulation. The present study, therefore, was performed (1) to identify the central organization of the efferent neurons of the cervical vagus nerve, (2) to localize the distribution of the neurons projecting to the esophagus and stomach, and (3) to examine the possibility of a viscerotopic organization of the projecting neurons within the brainstem nuclei in the house musk shrew.

Current Status of Epidemiologica Research on Dementia in Korea

Suh, Guk-Hee 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1998 국제학술회의 Vol.1998 No.-

Dementia is one of the most severe mental health problems commonly found in the aged population. With the increase of the proportion of the elderly, the number of dementia patients is rising in most population. During the past decades several studies of the prevalience of dementia have been performed in a variety of populations and using various methods. Reviews of the literature have generally stressed the methodological differences between studies. I present here the findings of prevalence studies of the dementia performed or published after 1985 in Korea and neighbor Asian countries. Jorm et al(1987) insisted that there were national differences in the relative prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, with vascular dementia being more common in Japanese and Russian studies after analyzing data between 1945 and 1985. The reason why I select the studies after 1985 at reviews of the literature is to trace changes in the regional or racial differences of the prevalence of dementia in far Eastern countries. One of the objective of this paper was to select the existing prevalence studies that were methodologically similar and suitable for comparison, in order to describe geographical differences and to provide an overall estimate of the prevalence of dementia in far-Eastern countries. In Korea, a few epidemiological studies of demential in the elderly have been performed since 1991. But, there was only one Korean study to identify risk factors of dementia(Suc et al, unpublished). I would like to introduce an epidemiological study for demential in the elderly, with presentation of the results from other Korean researchers and show you some international comparison of these results. Here, I report the prevalence of Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type(DAT) and Vascular Dementia(VaD) in Yeonchun country and the effect of risk factors on the prevalence. this study is based on a recently completed probability sample survey of 1,037 community dwelling persons, 65 years and older.

Intrinsic Biological Aging As Underlying Pathogenetic Mechanisms In Dementias Of The Alzheimer's Type

Martin, George M. 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1998 국제학술회의 Vol.1998 No.-

Interaction of Aluminum with PHFτ in Alzheimer's Disease Neurofibrillary Degeneration Evidenced by Desferrioxamine-Assisted Chelating Autoclave Method

Murayama, Harunobu,Shin, Ryong-Woon,Jun, Higuchi,Shibuya, Satoshi,Muramoto, Tamaki,Kitamoto, Tetsutuki 한림대학교 환경·생명과학연구소 2002 [일송 국제심포지엄] 노화와 만성퇴행성 신경질환 Vol.- No.4

To demonstrate that aluminum Ⅲ (AI) interacts with PHFτ in neurofibrillary degeneration (NFD) of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, we developed a "chelating autoclave method" that allows AI chelation by using trivalent-cationic chelator desferrioxamine. Its application to AD brain sections before Morin histochemistry for AI attenuated the positive fluorescence of neurofibrillary tangles, indicating AI removal from them. This method, applied for immunostaining with phosphorylation-dependent anti-τ antibodies, significantly enhanced the PHFτ immunoreactivity of the NFD. These results suggest that each of the phosphorylated epitopes in PHFτ are partially masked by AI binding. Incubation of AD sections with AICI_3 before Morin staining revealed AI accumulation with association to neurofibrillary tangles. Such incubation before immunostaining with the phosphorylation-dependent anti-τ antibodies abolished the immunolabeling of the NFD and this abolition was reversed by the AI chelation. These findings indicate cumulative AI binding to and thereby antigenic masking of the phosphorylated epitopes of PHFτ. AI binding was further documented for electrophoretically-resolved PHFτ on immunoblots, indication direct AI binding to PHFτ. In vitro aggregation by AICI_3 was observed for PHFτ but was lost on dephosphorylation of PHFτ. Taken together, phosphorylation-dependent and direct PHFτ-AI interaction occurs in the NFD of the AD brain. (Am J Pathol 1999, 155:877-885)

Beef cattle breeding in Canada

Song, H. 한림대학교 한림과학원 부설 환경ㆍ생명과학연구소 1999 국제학술회의 Vol.1999 No.-

To produce better beef more efficiently, genetics of beef cattle must be improved, which requires a nationwide, long-term genetic improvement program for beef cattle. Agriculture Canada started performance test programs (ROP program for beef) in 1956; (a) Station test and (b) the On-farm test. Station test program were effective in playing an important role for the genetic improvement of Canadian beef cattle up to the middle of 1980's. As the national EBVs became available in Canada since 1976 the importance of using station-tested bulls began to erode significantly since late 1980's for reason of its incapability of identifying the best animals on a national base. Routine evaluation of EBVs on 7-traits seemed to provide most of the tools needed for Canadian beef producers to maximize both genetic gain and production efficiency of their own herds. Toward the development of new trends in today's consumers demand for leaner beef with higher eating quality which are uniform and predictable in consistency with a minimum level of variations for given qualities, Canadian beef breeders will have to improve not only those traits of importance of the past but also for carcass traits of importance int he future. The sue of advanced technologies and devices will become necessary, but the on-farm test program will continue to be the bases of Canadian beef improvement program.

Iron (Ⅲ) induces aggregation of hyperphosphorylated τ and its reduction to iron (Ⅱ) reverses the aggregation : implications in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease

Yamamoto, Akira,Shin, Ryong-Woon,Hasegawa, Kazuhiro,Naki, Hironobu,Sato, Hiroyuki,Yoshimasu, Fumio,Kitamoto, Tetsuyuki 한림대학교 환경·생명과학연구소 2002 [일송 국제심포지엄] 노화와 만성퇴행성 신경질환 Vol.- No.4

Iron as well as aluminum is reported to accumulate in neurons with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of Alzheimer's disease(AD) brain. Previously we demonstrated that aluminum(Ⅲ) shows phosphate-dependent binding with hyperphosphorylated τ(PHFτ), the major constituent of NFTs, thereby inducing aggregation of PHFτ. Herein we report that iron(Ⅲ) can also induce aggregation of soluble PHFτ to occur, iron in the oxidized state (Ⅲ) is essential since iron in the reduced state (Ⅲ) lacks such ability. Furthermore, iron (Ⅲ)-induced aggregation is reversed by reducing iron (Ⅲ) to iron (Ⅱ). Thus the iron-participating aggregation is mediated not only by τ phosphorylation but also by the transition of iron between reduced (Ⅱ) and oxidized (Ⅲ) states. Further incubation of insoluble PHFτ aggregates isolated from AD brain with reducing agents produced liberation of solubilized PHFτ and iron (Ⅱ), indicating that PHFτ in association with iron (Ⅲ) constitutes the insoluble pool of PHFτ. These results indicate that iron might play a role in the aggregation of PHFτ leading to the formation of NFTs in AD brain.

Impact of Aβ_25-35 Fragment on Cytochrome Oxidase in SK-N-SH cells

Han, Bok-Ghee 한림대학교 환경·생명과학연구소 2000 국제학술회의 Vol.2000 No.-