水溶性抽出物이 木材의 物理的性質에 미치는 影響

沈鍾燮 서울대학교 1954 서울대학교 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

1. Since long time ago, It has been talked about that soaking wood into water for long time would be profitable for the decreasing of defects such as cheek, cups and bow due to the undue-shrinking and swelling, There are however no any actural data proⅥng this fait definitly, although there are some gueses that water soluble extractⅣes might effect on this problem. On the other hand, this is a few work which has been done about the effect of water soluble extractⅣes upon the some physical properties of wood and that it might be related to the above mentioned problem. If man does account for that whether soaking wood into water for long time would be profitable for the decreasing of defects due to the undue-shrinking and swelling in comparison with unsoaking wood or not, it may bring a great contribution on the reasonable uses of wood. To account for the effect of water soluble extractⅣes upon physical properties of wood this study has been made at the wood technologh laboratory, School of Forsitry, Yale unⅣersity under competant guidanse of Dr. F. F. Wangaard with the following three different species which had been proⅥded at the same laboratory. ① Pinus strobus ② Quercus borealis ③ Hymenaea Courbaril. 2. The physical properties to be investigated in this study are as follows. a. Equilibrium Noisture Content at different RelatⅣe Humidity Conditions. b. Shrinkage Ⅴalue from green Condition to different RelatⅣe Humidity Conditions and Oven dry Condition. c. Swelling Ⅴalue from Oven dry Condition to different RelatⅣe Humidity Conditions. d. Specific GraⅥty 3. In order to investigate the effect of water soluble extractⅣes upon physical properties of wood, the experiment has been carried out with two differently treated specimens, that is on has been treated into water and other into sugar solution, and with contraled specimens. 4. The quantity of water soluble extractⅣes of each species and the group of chemical compound in the extracted liquid from each species have shown at table(46) Between species, there is some difference in quantity of extractⅣes and group of chemical compound. 5. In case of equilibrium moisture contents at differant relatⅣe humidity condition. (a) Except the desorption case at 80% R. H. C. ther is a diffinite line between untreated specimen and treated specimen, that is, untreated specimens hold water more in it than treated specimen at the same R. H. C. (b) The specimens treated into sugar solution have shown almost same ten(cdency in result compaired with the untreated specimens. (c) Between species there is no any deffinite relation in equilibrium moisture content each other, however E. M. C. in heart wood of pine is lesser than in sap wood. This might cause from the difference of wood anatomical structure. 6. In case of shrinkage. (a) The shrinkage value of the treated specimen into water are more than that of the untreated specimen, except any one case of heart wood of pine at 80% R. H. C. (b) The shrinkage value of treated specimens into the sugar solution are most less than that of the others and have almost same tendency to the untreated specimens. It sould mean that the penetration of some sugar into the wood can decrease the shrinkage value of wood. (c) Between species, the shrinkage value of heart wood of pine are lesser than sap wood of the same. Shrinkage value of oak are largest Hymenaea is lesser than oak and more than pine. (d) Directional difference of shrinkage value through all species can also see as other all kind of species preⅥously tested. (e) There is a deffinite relation in between the difference of shrinkage value of treated and untreated specimen and amount of extractⅣes that is, increasing extractⅣes gⅣes increasing the difference of shrinkage value between treated and untreated specimen. 7. In Case of Swelling. (a) The swelling value of treated specimen is greater than that of the untreated specimen through all cases. (b) In comparison with the tangential direction and radial direction. The swelling value of tangential direction is larger then that of radial direction in same species. (c) Between species, the largest one in swelling value is oak and the smallest is pine heart, there are allso a tendency that specie shrink more swell also more and on the contrary, species shrink lesser swell also lesser than the other. 8, In case of specific graⅥty (a) The specific graⅥty of the treated specimen is larger than that of untreated specimen. This reversed value between treated and untreated specimen has been resulted from the volume of specimen of oven dry condition. (b) Between species there are differences that is the specific graⅥty of hymenaea is largest one and the sap-wood of pine is smallest. 9. Through this investigation, it has been concluded that soaking wood into plain water before use without any special consideration may bring more hastful results than unsoaking for use of wood. However soaking wood into the some specially proⅥded sloutions such as salt water or inorganic matter may be desolved in it, can be profitable for the decreasing shrinkage and swelling, check. shake, and bow etc, if soaking wood into plain water might bring the decreasing defects, it might come form even shrinking and swelling through all dimension.

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of Ag/g-C₃N₄ composite

Nagajyothi, P.C.,Pandurangan, M.,Vattikuti, S.V.P.,Tettey, C.O.,Sreekanth, T.V.M.,Shim, J. Elsevier Science B.V 2017 Separation and purification technology Vol.188 No.-

Silver-graphite carbon nitride (Ag/g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB>) was designed and synthesized through a simple green chemical route. The photocatalyst was comprehensively characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X -ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The HR-TEM results indicate that the synthesized Ag spherical-like nanoparticles were randomly loaded on the surface of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4)</SUB>. In addition, the Ag/g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> nanocomposites exhibited 2.5 times higher photocatalytic activity than pristine g-C<SUB>3</SUB>N<SUB>4</SUB> for the degradation of malachite green (MG) dye under UV irradiation.

Prognostic Value of Multidetector Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography in Relation to Exercise Electrocardiogram in Patients With Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Cho, I.,Shim, J.,Chang, H.J.,Sung, J.M.,Hong, Y.,Shim, H.,Kim, Y.J.,Choi, B.W.,Min, J.K.,Kim, J.Y.,Shim, C.Y.,Hong, G.R.,Chung, N. Elsevier Biomedical 2012 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY - Vol.60 No.21

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the prognostic value of multidetector coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) in relation to exercise electrocardiography (XECG) findings. Background: The prognostic usefulness of coronary CTA findings of coronary artery disease in relation to XECG findings has not been explored systematically. Methods: Patients with suspected coronary artery disease who had undergone both coronary CTA and XECG (<90 days between tests) from 2003 through 2009 were enrolled retrospectively. Coronary CTA results were classified according to the severity of maximal stenosis (normal, mild: <40% of luminal stenosis, moderate: 40% to 69%, severe: ≥70%), XECG results were categorized as positive and negative, and Duke XECG score was calculated. Clinical follow-up data were collected for major adverse cardiac events (MACE): cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina requiring hospitalization, and revascularization after 90 days from index coronary CTA. C-statistics were calculated to compare discriminatory values of each test. Results: Among the 2,977 (58 +/- 10 years) study patients, 12% demonstrated positive XECG results. By coronary CTA, patients were categorized as normal (56%) or having mild (26%), moderate (13%), or severe (5%) disease. During a median follow-up of 3.3 years (interquartile range: 2.3 to 4.6), 97 MACE were observed and the 5-year cumulative event rate was 3.6% (95% confidence interval: 3.0 to 4.3). Although both XECG (C-statistic: 0.790) and coronary CTA (C-statistic: 0.908) improved risk stratification beyond clinical risk factors (C-statistic: 0.746, p < 0.05 for all), XECG in addition to coronary CTA (C-statistic: 0.907) did not provide better discrimination than coronary CTA alone (p = 0.389). In subgroup analyses, coronary CTA stratified risk of MACE in groups with both positive and negative XECG results (all p < 0.001 for trend). However, positive XECG results predicted risk of MACE on coronary CTA only in the moderate stenosis group (hazard ratio: 2.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.29 to 5.19, p = 0.008) and severe stenosis group (hazard ratio: 2.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.19 to 4.38, p = 0.013). Conclusions: In patients with suspected coronary artery disease, coronary CTA discriminates future risk of MACE in patients independent of XECG results. Compared with coronary CTA, XECG has an additive prognostic value only in patients with moderate to severe stenosis on coronary CTA.

Coxiella burnetii 감염에 의한 Q fever의 실험실 진단(1)

박만석,심수경,이혜경,김혜리,이병철,박미연 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

백서(白鼠)에서 족삼리(足三里) 침 자극이 니코틴 반복처치로 유도된 행동적 민감화 및 뇌(腦)의 측핵에서 c-Fos 발현에 미치는 영향

채윤병 ( Y. B. Chae ),심인섭 ( I. S. Shim ),권영규 ( Y. K. Kwon ),양재하 ( C. H. Yang ),김미려 ( M. R. Kim ),김광중 ( K. J. Kim ),함대현 ( D. H. Hahm ),황은주 ( E. J. Hwang ),이혜정 ( H. J. Lee ) 대한경락경혈학회 2001 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.18 No.2

We have previously demonstrated that repeated injections of nicotine produced an increase in locomotor activity, dopamine (DA) release and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens, one of the major projection areas of the central DA system. Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely used for the treatment of many functional disorders such as substance abuse and mental dysfunction. In order to investigate whether acupuncture has an influence on nicotine-induced reinforcing and behavioral effects, we examined the effect of acupuncture on nicotine-induced behavioral locomotor activity and c-Fos expression as an important marker of the postsynaptic neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens utilizing the immunocytochemical detection of the Fos protein. The male Sprague-Dawly rats were given repeated daily nicotine injections (0.4 mg/kg s.c., twice daily for 7 days) followed by one challenging injection on the 4th day after the last daily injection. Systemic challenge with nicotine produced a much larger increase in locomotor activity and accumbal Fos-like immunoreactivity(FLI) in nicotine-pretreated rats. During withdrawal period(from 8th day to 11th day) acupuncture at zusanli(ST36), but not at control points(HT7, L3) significantly attenuated expected increase in nicotine-induced locomtor activity and accumbal FLI to subsequent nicotine challenge. These results demonstrated that reduction in locomotor activity by acupuncture may be mediated by reduction of postsynaptic neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens. Our results suggest that acupuncture may have therapeutic effect on nicotine addiction.

Pharmacokinetics and Mammary Residual Depletion of Erythromycin in Healthy Lactating Ewes

Goudah, A.,Sher Shah, S.,Shin, H.C.,Shim, J.H.,Abd El-Aty, A. M. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pat Vol.54 No.10

<P>Summary</P><P>The aim of this investigation was to examine the pharmacokinetics and mammary excretion of erythromycin administered to lactating ewes (<I>n</I> = 6) by the intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) routes at a dosage of 10 mg/kg. Blood and milk samples were collected at pre-determined times, and a microbiological assay method was used to measure erythromycin concentrations in serum and milk. The concentration–time data were analysed by compartmental and non-compartmental kinetic methods. The serum concentration–time data of erythromycin were fit to a two-compartment model after i.v. administration and a one-compartment model with first-order absorption after i.m. and s.c. administration. The elimination half-life (<I>t</I><SUB>1/2&bgr;</SUB>) was 4.502 ± 1.487 h after i.v. administration, 4.874 ± 0.296 h after i.m. administration and 6.536 ± 0.151 h after s.c. administration. The clearance value (Cl<SUB>tot</SUB>) after i.v. dosing was 1.292 ± 0.121 l/h/kg. After i.m. and s.c. administration, observed peak erthyromycin concentrations (<I>C</I><SUB>max</SUB>) of 0.918 ± 0.092 <I>&mgr;</I>g/ml and 0.787 ± 0.010 <I>&mgr;</I>g/ml were achieved at 0.75 and 1.0 h (<I>T</I><SUB>max</SUB>) respectively. The bioavailability obtained after i.m. and s.c. administration was 91.178 ± 10.232% and 104.573 ± 9.028% respectively. Erythromycin penetration from blood to milk was quick for all the routes of administration, and the high AUC<SUB>milk</SUB>/AUC<SUB>serum</SUB> (1.186, 1.057 and 1.108) and C<SUB>max‐milk</SUB>/C<SUB>max‐serum</SUB> ratios reached following i.v., i.m. and s.c. administration, respectively, indicated an extensive penetration of erythromycin into the milk.</P>

溫度 및 PEG 處理가 옥수수와 大豆 品種의 發芽 및 苗伸張에 미치는 影響

Rak Chun Seong,Jai Sung Shim,Keun Yong Park,Harry C. Minor 한국육종학회 1989 한국육종학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Germination and seedling growth of corn (Zea mays L. Vars. KS 16, KS 6, KS 15, Suwon 19, Ga 209. KS 5, Jinjuok, and Hoengsongok) and soybeans (Glycine max. (L.) Merr. Vars. Bangsakong, Hill, Danyupkong, Paldalkong, Baegwunkong, Kwangkyo, Hwangkeumkong, and Changyupkong) were measured at two temperatures (15 and 30 C) and ten polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatments. These PEG treatments were 20, 25 and 30g/100㎖ H₂O of PEG 6,000, PEG 10,000 and PEG 20,000 molecular weight (MW), including untreated control. Observations were taken at 4 days for treatments at 30 C and 12 days for those at 15 C. Twenty seeds of each variety of corn and soybeans were placed on Whatman No.1 (12cm) filter paper in glass petri-dishes, and adjusted to 20㎖ of the proper treatment solution supplemented with 0.2 percent thiram using automatic syringe. The dishes were covered with cap and sealed with parafilm. The seeds were germinated at a constant temperature of 15 or 30 C under dark conditions for programmed period. Seedling moisture content of corn was lower than that of soybeans both at 15 and 30 C. However, corn showed greater seedling length than soybeans at temperatures of 15 and 30 C. Seedling moisture content and seedling length of corn and soybeans were reduced as PEG concentration increased from 20 to 30g/100㎖ H₂O at PEG 6,000, PEG 10,000 and PEG 20,000. But no significant differences were found on seedling moisture content and seedling length of corn and soybeans among PEG 6,000, PEG 10,000 and PEG 20,000. Varietal differences in seedling moisture content and seedling length of eight corn and soybean varieties were observed with PEG treatments. Corn variety Jinjuok and soybean variety Paldalkong showed the greatest seedling length among eight varieties of corn and soybeans. The results of this study indicated that germination test of corn and soybean seeds in aqueous solutions of PEG 6,000, PEG 10,000 and PEG 20,000 showed similar for moisture stress simulation and has potential for screening varieties improved emergence ability during moisture stress.

Robust LS-SVM Regression Using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering

Shim, J.,Hwang, C.,Nau, S. SPRINGER-VERLAG 2006 Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol.4221 No.-

The effect of electrochemical pretreatment on the catalytic activity of carbon-supported gold nanoparticles for NADH oxidation

Shim, J.H.,Kim, J.,Go, A.,Lee, C.,Lee, Y. North-Holland 2013 Materials letters Vol.91 No.-

The electrochemical oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is studied systematically on four types of electrodes, i.e., glassy carbon (GC), carbon (C), Au nanoparticles (AuNP), and C-supported AuNP (AuNP/C) in a 0.05M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) before and after the electrochemical pretreatment carried out by repetitive potential scanning between -0.2V and 1.0V (vs. SCE) for 100 cycles. This simple pretreatment improves the electrocatalytic activity of the AuNP/C toward the NADH oxidation remarkably, suggesting the key role of Au oxide layers in facilitating the NADH electrochemical oxidation.

Protein kinases participate in the contraction in response to levobupivacaine in the rat aorta

Shim, H.S.,Ok, S.H.,Lee, S.H.,Kwon, S.C.,Sohn, J.T. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 european journal of pharmacology Vol.677 No.1

Levobupivacaine is a long-acting amide local anesthetic that intrinsically produces vasoconstriction both in vivo and in vitro. Levobupivacaine increases intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>) in vascular smooth muscle cells. The goals of this in vitro study were to investigate whether levobupivacaine-induced contraction is associated with increased Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> sensitivity and to identify the protein kinases involved in mediating contraction in response to levobupivacaine in isolated rat aortic smooth muscle. The effect of levobupivacaine and potassium chloride (KCl) on the [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> and tension was measured simultaneously with acetoxymethyl ester of fura-2-loaded aortic strips. Cumulative levobupivacaine concentration-response curves were generated in the presence or absence of the following antagonists: GF 109203X; Y-27632; genistein; SP600125; PD 98059; and SB 203580. Levobupivacaine-induced protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun NH<SUB>2</SUB>-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and Rho-kinase (ROCK-2) membrane translocation were detected in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells using Western blotting. The slope of the [Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>-tension curve for levobupivacaine was higher than that for KCl. Y-27632, GF 109203X, and SP600125 attenuated levobupivacaine-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. Genistein, PD 98059, and SB 203580 attenuated levobupivacaine-induced contraction. Pretreatment with GF 109203X and Y-27632 inhibited levobupivacaine-induced PKC phosphorylation and Rho-kinase (ROCK-2) membrane translocation, respectively. Pretreatment with SP600125 or PD 98059 attenuated the levobupivacaine-induced phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, respectively. These results indicate that levobupivacaine-induced contraction involving an increase in myofilament Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> sensitivity involves the primary activation of Rho-kinase-, PKC-, and JNK-mediated pathways of rat aortic smooth muscle.