OIL 의 반추위내 주입에 대한 면양의 대사적 반응

송만강,최성호,황재식 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

본 시험은 지방산 조성이 서로 다른 3종류의 oil(채종유, rapeseed oil, RSO ; 대두유, soybean oil, SBO 및 혼합어유. mixed fish oil, MFO)의 반추위 내 semicontinuous infusion 방법에 의한 주입이 사료의 반추위 내 분해율, 발효성상, 전장소화율, 소화기관 내지방산 소실률 및 혈장 내 지방산 조성에 미치는 효과를 조사하기 위해 실시되었다. 사료 섭취량(1.5㎏/일, 농후사료 60% + 조사료 40%, 급여상태 기준)의 4% 수준에 해당되는 각각의 oil 60g을 peristaltic pump로 매일 2회에 걸쳐 반추위에 5시간씩 연속으로 주입하였다. 본 시험은 3두의 면양을 이용하여 3종류의 oil 주입효과를 주입하지 않은 처리(대조구)와 비교하고자 3×4 Incomplete Latin square 방법으로 총 4 period에 걸쳐 실시되었다. 조사된 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 사료급여 후 1시간에 채취한 반추위액의 pH는 oil을 주입한 면양에서 대조구(control)에 비해 높았으나(P<0.01) 사료급여 3시간에서부터 채취한 위액의 pH는 처리간 차이가 없었다. 사료급여 30분 전에 채취한 반추위액의 암모니아 농도는 다른 처리구 보다 혼합 어유(MFO)를 주입한 면양에서 현저히 높았으며(P<0.05) 사료급여 후 1시간에도 다른 oil 주입구에 비해 혼합 어유 주입구가 대조구와 함께 높았다(P<0.05). 또한 사료 급여 후 3시간과 5시간에서는 대조구에 비해 oil를 주입한 면양에서 현저히 낮았다(P<0.01). 다른 처리구에 비하여 혼합 어유의 주입은 전체 채취 시간에 걸칙 반추위액의 C₂ 및 C₄ 비율을 현저히(P<0.05 또는 P<0.01) 감소시킨 반면 C₃ 비율을 증가시켰다(P<0.05 또는 P<0.01). 사료내 건물(DM), NDF 및 유기물(OM)의 유효 분해율은 대조구에 비하여 oil의 주입으로 감소되었으나(P<0.05) 조단백질(CP)과 조지방(EE)의 유효 분해율은 oil의 주입에 의한 영향을 크게 받지 않았다. 건물, NDF 및 유기물의 전장 소화율은 oil을 주입한 면양에서 감소하였으나<0.05), 조단백질의 전장 소화율은 oil의 주입에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 그러나 조지방의 전장소화율은 oil 주입구에서 현저히 증가되었다(P<0.01). 채종유 및 대두유 주입구에서는 하루에 배설된 C_(18:0) 량이 유입된 량을 다소 초과한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 채종유 및 대두유에 비하여 혼합 어유를 주입한 면양에서 C_(18)-USFA을 제외한 총 지방산과 각 지방산의 소실률이 높았다(P<0.05). 지방산의 경우 사료 급여 1시간 전에 채종유 빛 대두유의 주입으로 C_(18:0)(P<0.01), C_(l8:1)(P<0.05), C_(18:2)(P<0.01) 및 C_(18:3) (P<0.05)의 농도가 증가되었으며, 급여 후 3시간에서도 C_(18:0)(P<0.01), C_(18:1)(P<0.01), C_(18:2)(P<0.05) 및 C_(18:3)(P<0.05)의 농도가 증가되었다. 혼합 어유의 주입은 다른 종류의 oil 주입구에 비하여 혈장 내 C_(22:6)의 농도를 증가시켰다(P<0.05). 그 밖의 지방산 농도 역시 oil의 주입으로 증가된 경향이었으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. A metabolic study was conducted with three ruminally fistulated Corriedale sheep to examine the effect of oil infusion into the rumen on fermentation characteristics and degradation of diet in the rumen, whole tract digestibility and plasma fatty acid composition. The sheep were alloted to 3 × 4 Incomplete Latin square design for the 3 different oils(rape seed oil, RSO; soybean oil, SBO and mixed fish oil, MFO) and control. Total 60 grams of each oil which was 4% level of daily intake(1.5㎏, as fed basis) of diet consisting of 60% concentrate and 40% rice straw(DM basis) were continuously infused into the rumen twice daily, 5hrs each, using peristaltic pump. Ruminal pH was higher(P<0.01) for the oil infused treatments than for the control at 1h post feeding, but were not affected thereafter. Ruminal ammonia concentration was increased(P<0.05) by MFO infusion at the 30 min. prior to feeding compared to that by infusion of other oils and control. Similar results were observed from MFO infusion and control at the 1h post feeding. Infusion of oils decreased (P<0.01) the ruminal ammonia concentration at 3 and 5h post feeding compared to control. Infusion of MFO decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) molar percents of acetic acid(C₂) and butyric acid(C₄) while increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) the molar percent of propionic acid(C₃) in the rumen fluid at various sampling times compared to the control and the infusion of RSO and SBO, but there were no differences in the other VFA's among treatments. The expected degradability(ED) of DM, neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and organic matter(OM) were reduced by oil infusion compared to those of control while the ED's of crude protein(CP) and ether extracts(EE) of diet were not affected by oil infusion. Infusion of oils reduced(P<0.05) whole tract digestibilities of DM, NDF and OM of the mixed diet in the sheep, but that of CP was not affected. Higher(P<0.01) whole tract digestibility of EE was observed by oil infusion. Daily excretion of C_(18:0) slightly exceeded the intakes from the diet and oil infusion for the sheep infused RSO and SBO. A greater(P<0.05) disappearance of fatty acids excluding C_(18)-unsaturated fatty acids in the digestive tract of the sheep was observed from the MFO infused sheep than those from the other oil infusions. Infusions of RSO and SBO into the rumen of sheep increased the concentrations of C_(18:0)(P<0.01), C_(18:1)(P<0.05), C_(18:2)(P<0.01) and C_(18:3)(P<0.05) at 1h prior to feeding, and C_(18:0)(P<0.01), C_(18:1)(P<0.01), C_(18:2)(P<0.05) and C_(18:3)(P<0.05) at 3h post feeding in the plasma. Infusion of MFO increased(P<0.05) the concentration of plasma C_(22:6) compared to those of other treatments. Similar trends were observed for the other fatty acids by infusion of oils compared to the control, but their differences were small.

Indoor feeding combined with restricted grazing time improves body health, slaughter performance, and meat quality in Huang-huai sheep

Huang Yafeng,Zhao Mengyu,Zhang Xiaoan,Wei Huiqing,Liu Lumeng,Zhang Zi Jun,Cheng Xiao,Wang Guanjun,Ren Chunhuan 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.11

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of three feeding systems, i.e., indoor feeding (CON), indoor feeding with 4-h daily access to grazing artificial pasture (ITGP), and indoor feeding with 8-h daily access to grazing artificial pasture (IEGP), on the plasma antioxidant and immunological capacity, slaughter characteristics, meat quality and economic efficiency of Huang-huai lambs. Methods: Thirty-three healthy Huang-huai rams with similar body weight (approximately 5 mo of age, 28.96±1.01 kg) were assigned equally to three experimental groups. When finished fattening, six lambs from each group were collect blood samples for plasma analyses and then slaughtered to determine slaughter characteristics and obtain biceps brachii muscle for further analysis of meat quality and fatty acid profile. Results: Compared to CON group, animals submitted to ITGP and IEGP groups resulted in greater contents of serum glutathione peroxidase, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 PUFA, and PUFA/saturated fatty acid (FA) ratio and lower palmitic /oleic acid ratio (p<0.05). Moreover, animals in ITGP group exhibited a higher (p<0.05) loin eye area, content of meat crude protein (CP), and eicosetrienoic acid compared to CON group, while slaughter performance was superior (p<0.05) to that of the IEGP group. The economic efficiency of ITGP group was 70.12% higher than that of CON group, while the IEGP group exhibited a decrease of 92.54% in economic efficiency compared to the CON group. Conclusion: Restricted grazing time combined with indoor feeding was more effective in conferring superior body health, carcass traits and economic efficiency in Huang-huai lambs, as well as higher CP content and healthier FA composition in the resulting meat.

Huang-Lin Error Correcting Code and the circuit

Bingshan Lin,Yuanshan Huang,Zhongquan Ren 대한전자공학회 1995 International Conference on Electronics, Informati Vol.1995 No.8

COMPLETELY GENERALIZED MILDLY NONLINEAR COMPLEMENTARITY PROBLEMS FOR FUZZY MAPPINGS

Huang, Nan-Jing,Zhang, Wen-Bin 한국전산응용수학회 1997 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.4 No.2

In this paper we introduce and study a new class of completely generalized mildly nonlinear complementarity problems for fuzzy mappings and construct some new iterative algorithms. We also show the existence of solution and the convergence of iterative sequences generated by the algorithm. Our results extend some recent results of Noor, Chang and huang.

Huang-Lin Error Correcting Code and the Circuit

Bing Shan Lin,Yuan Shan Huang,Zheng Quan Ren 대한전자공학회 1995 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1

A global unique solvability of entropic weak solution to the one-dimensional pressureless Euler system with a flocking dissipation

Ha, S.Y.,Huang, F.,Wang, Y. Academic Press 2014 Journal of differential equations Vol.257 No.5

We present a unique global solvability and flocking estimate of an entropic weak solution to the one-dimensional pressureless Euler system with a flocking dissipation in all-to-all coupling setting. This model appears naturally as a quasi-equilibrium model for hydrodynamic description of Cucker-Smale flocking. For the unique global solvability, we adopt the variation approach from Ding and Huang's work [19] on the inhomogeneous pressureless gas dynamic model. When initial mass and velocity are locally integrable and bounded measurable functions, respectively, we give explicit representations for the global entropic weak solutions. Our results do not require any smallness of initial data except that initial mass density is almost everywhere positive.

Carbon disulfide induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Sertoli-germ cells coculture

Wei Wang,Zhen Zhang,Yinsheng Guo,Yu Dong,Xiaoyu Huang1,Yijun Zhou,Guoyuan Chen 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2015 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.11 No.2

Carbon disulfide (CS2), a common organic solvent, induces a variety of adverse effects in the male reproductive system. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity, ultrastructural changes, and potential apoptotic induction mechanisms of CS2 in mixed cultures of Sertoli and germ cells. Sertoli and germ cells were cocultured and treated with CS2 for 24 h. Growth rates were noted, and apoptotic cells were identified by Hoechst 33258 staining. Ultrastructure changes were observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial membrane potential and expressions of apoptosis-related factors (cytochrome c, Bax, Bcl- 2, caspase-3 and caspase-9) were examined by JC-1 staining, western blot, and real-time PCR. The results showed that CS2 treatment was associated with reduced growth rates of Sertoli-germ cells. Ultrastructure changes in Sertoli-germ cells treated with CS2 were typical of apoptosis. In addition, CS2 treatment depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulated Bax levels and downregulated Bcl-2 levels, released cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space to the cytosol, and triggered mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Subsequently, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were activated, resulting in Sertoli-germ cells apoptosis. The above data suggest that CS2 has adverse effect on the viability of Sertoli-germ cells and induces apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway.

Estimating Recreational Benefits and Environmental Effects for the Amenities of Flowers Industry

( Huang Huang Chin ) 한국문화관광학회 2010 문화관광연구 Vol.12 No.2

Tien-Wei highway garden is the biggest cultivated land area for flowers (30.27%, in 2007) in Taiwan, which provided both public goods and positive externalities, such as the amenity value of the landscape, biological diversity, cultural heritage, rural lifestyle and economic activity contributing social welfares to rural economy. The amenity of flower industry attracts many tourists and generates recreational benefits, which cannot be assessed by market price directly. This research adopts the nonmarket goods valuation method, travel cost method (TCM), to measure the benefits from tourists` demand function. In addition, the environmental quality will influence the tourist`s decision to choose the recreation site, which is also an important determinant of demand function and will be introduced into demand model. The empirical results of this research demonstrate that the average consumer surplus (CS) for demand model containing quality variables is NT$7,770. The average consumer surplus without containing quality variables in the demand model is NT$7,741, and the average benefits of environmental quality for tourist is NT29.

The Rapid Growth of the Indian Right and Its Realistic Impact1

Huang Dekai(Dekai Huang),Chen Qi(Qi Chen) 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.9 No.1

Since coming into power in 2014, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) has adopted a series of policies and measures to promote Hindu nationalism as the mainstream ideology of Indian politics, and has formed a comprehensive and open cooperative relationship with Hindu right-wing organizations.On the basis of combing the development of Indian right-wing organizations and summarizing the theoretical propositions of Hindu nationalism, this paper explores the influence of Hindu nationalism on India's domestic and foreign affairs.

ON THE END EXTENDING IN THE HILBERT-HUANG TRANSFORM

Da Ji Huang,Jin Ping Zhao,Ji Lian Su 한국해안해양공학회 1999 학술강연회 발표논문초록집 Vol.1 No.1

Hilbert-Huang transform is powerful method of nonlinear and non-stationary time series analysis. Two approaches, mirror periodic and extrema extending method, have been developed for handling the end effects of Hilbert-Huang transform. The mirror periodic method is based on the data distribution at ends. Two mirrors are placed at the extrema of both ends. The data within the mirrors are extended with mirror reflection to obtain a periodic sequence. With this method, the end effects of empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert transform are solved once forever. The mirror periodic method can get best results by placed the mirrors at the extrema, which have symmetric property of the data. Extrema extending method is implemented by adding two maxima and minima at the ends, which are defined by the two consecutive extrema of the data at ends. It is easy to perform and has equally well behalf as mirror periodic method. The extrema method is superior to the mirror periodic method when the data has strong asymmetric waveform.