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강병국 ( Byung Kook Kang ),박남선 ( Nam Seon Park ),진대호 ( Dae Ho Jin ),안태홍 ( Tae Hong Ahn ),박민범 ( Min Bom Park ),이기조 ( Key Jo Lee ),한윤주 ( Yoon Ju Han ),박효진 ( Hyo Jin Park ) 대한소화기학회 2008 대한소화기학회지 Vol.52 No.2
Brunner`s gland adenoma is a rare tumor of duodenum. Patients are usually aymptomatic and most are discovered incidentally during the upper gastrointestinal (GI) series or esophagogastroduodenoscopy. These lesions are most commonly located in the duodenal bulb and clinical manifestations are variable. In symptomatic patients, the most common manifestations are GI hemorrhage and duodenal obstruction. On histologic examination, Brunner`s gland adenoma that causes clinical symptoms is composed of hyperplastic Brunner`s glands and contains mostly an admixture of glandular, adipose, and muscular tissues. We report a case of large Brunner`s gland adenoma causing upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in a 47-year-old woman which was successfully removed by endoscopic resection without complications such as bleeding or perforation. Microscopically, it was entirely composed of variable Brunner`s glands. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2008;52:106-109)
CPWL : Clock and Page Weight based Disk Buffer Management Policy for Flash Memory Systems
Byung Kook Kang(강병국),Jong Wook Kwak(곽종욱) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.25 No.2
IT 산업 환경에서 모바일 데이터의 수요 증가로 인해 NAND 플래시 메모리의 사용이 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 하지만, 플래시 메모리의 소거 동작은 긴 대기 시간과 높은 소비 전력을 요구하여 각 셀의 수명을 제한한다. 따라서 쓰기와 삭제 작업을 자주 수행하면 플래시 메모리의 성능과 수명이 단축된다. 이런 문제를 해결하기 위해 디스크 버퍼를 이용, 플래시 메모리에 할당되는 쓰기 및 지우기 연산을 감소시켜 플래시 메모리의 성능을 향상시키는 기술이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 쓰기 횟수를 최소화하기 위한 CPWL 기법을 제안한다. CPWL 기법은 버퍼 메모리 액세스 패턴에 따라 읽기 및 쓰기 페이지를 나누어 관리한다. 이렇게 나뉜 페이지를 정렬하여 쓰기 횟수를 줄이고 결과적으로 플래시 메모리의 수명을 늘리고 에너지 소비를 감소시킨다. The use of NAND flash memory is continuously increased with the demand of mobile data in the IT industry environment. However, the erase operations in flash memory require longer latency and higher power consumption, resulting in the limited lifetime for each cell. Therefore, frequent write/erase operations reduce the performance and the lifetime of the flash memory. In order to solve this problem, management techniques for improving the performance of flash based storage by reducing write and erase operations of flash memory with using disk buffers have been studied. In this paper, we propose a CPWL to minimized the number of write operations. It is a disk buffer management that separates read and write pages according to the characteristics of the buffer memory access patterns. This technique increases the lifespan of the flash memory and decreases an energy consumption by reducing the number of writes by arranging pages according to the characteristics of buffer memory access mode of requested pages.