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김정은 체제의 ‘강성국가’ 건설 전략과 전망 : ‘지식경제강국’을 중심으로
변상정(Byun, Sang Jung),최경희(Choi, Kyong Hui) 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2012 동서연구 Vol.24 No.2
북한은 금년 공동사설에서 김정일이 1998년에 주장했던 ‘강성대국’ 건설 목표 중 미완의 ‘경제강 국’을 대체 계승하는 김정은 시대의 비전을 제시했다. 김일성의 주체사상으로 ‘정치(사상)강국’이 실현되고 김정일의 핵 보유로 ‘군사강국’이 완성되었으므로 김정은은 ‘새 세기 산업혁명’을 통한 ‘지식경제강국’ 건설을 선언한 것이다. ‘기계공업의 CNC화’로 상징되는 김정은의 ‘최첨단 돌파사 상’과 ‘지식경제강국 건설론’은 김정일 체제 출범시 제시되었던 ‘과학기술중시사상’과 ‘강성대국 건설론’을 계승한 것이다. 연하기계종합공장의 CNC기술 개발과 전 산업에의 CNC 도입은 ‘함남의 불길’과 함께 북한 사회 전체에 CNC화 도미노 현상이 확산되는 분위기를 만들고 있다. 김정 은의 ‘지식경제강국’은 북한의 정치체제와 경제구조의 근간을 훼손하지 않으면서 경제를 재건하기 위한 대안으로 제시된 것으로, 그 본질은 개방보다는 폐쇄적 ‘자력갱생’을 전제하고 있는 제한적 경제발전전략에 불과할 것으로 전망된다. Kim Jong Un, the first chairman of the National Defence Commission of the DPRK, made his first speech during a military parade to commemorate the centenary of the birth of his grandfather, Kim Il Sung. Kim Jong Un underlined that the most important national agenda is becoming a powerful nation through improving the national economy, and resolving the food shortage problem. In addition, he stressed that strong knowledge-based economy must be built by way of new industrial revolution. The economic policy Kim Jong Un set forth involved resolving the food crisis for the people, development of light industry, transition to a powerful knowledge-based economy, land management, and improvement of cultural and education projects. The nation must be established as a strong knowledge-based nation. It was acknowledged that the world is quickly transitioning to the informatization of the economy and North Korea must develop the national economy and build an economic structure that meets international demand. Science and technology should be the forerunner to incorporate science and technology with production and resolve all problems in the economic development process from the science and technology aspect. North Korea may have rebuilt its industries to some degree through the recent reconstruction initiatives. The phrase ‘CNC’ referring to a new initiative to computerize the industrial facilities that started August 2009. But considering North Korea’s inefficient and outdated industrial facilities, the recent reconstruction achievements hardly seem sustainable in the long term. Given the low sustainability of North Korea’s industrial growth, its industrial development is expected to reach its limits soon, forcing the country to consider getting out of isolation and embracing openness and change.
Byun, Segi,Kim, Joon Hui,Song, Sung Ho,Lee, Minku,Park, Jin-Ju,Lee, Gyoungja,Hong, Soon Hyung,Lee, Dongju American Chemical Society 2016 Chemistry of materials Vol.28 No.21
<P>Heterostructures based on combining two-dimensional (2D) crystals in one stack have unusual physical properties and allow the creation of novel devices. Although this method of mechanically transferring individual 2D crystals is required for precise control, it is not scalable. Large-scale fabrication of heterostructures remains a key challenge for practical applications. Here, we provide a simple solution-based method using electrostatic interaction assembly of boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene to produce hybrid films with van der Waals heterostructures. The hybrid films prepared by this fabrication method tend to be alternately stacked and provide compact structured films. For a potential application, the h-BN/graphene hybrid films are fabricated supercapacitor's electrodes revealing high volumetric capacitance, superior rate capability, a permanent life cycle, and high flexibility due to their synergistic effects. We anticipate that the hybrid films are useful as scalable flexible electrodes in supercapacitors, and our solution-based method has great potential for application in energy storage and electronics.</P>
Park, Sang Mi,Lee, Jong Rok,Ku, Sae Kwang,Cho, Il Je,Byun, Sung Hui,Kim, Sang Chan,Park, Sook Jahr,Kim, Young Woo SPRINGER VERLAG 2016 EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION Vol.55 No.8
<P>These findings are considered as scientific evidence that isoLQ in licorice has the function of being a hepatic protectant against oxidative damages through ERK-mediated Nrf2 activation.</P>
Park, Sang Mi,Kim, Sung Woo,Jung, Eun Hye,Ko, Hae Li,Im, Chae Kwang,Lee, Jong Rok,Byun, Sung Hui,Ku, Sae Kwang,Kim, Sang Chan,Park, Chung A,Kim, Kwang Joong,Cho, Il Je Hindawi 2018 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2018 No.-
<P><I>Sipjeondaebo-tang</I> (SDT) is used frequently as a herbal prescription to treat deficiency syndromes in traditional Korean medicine. We investigated the hepatoprotective effects of SDT against oxidative stress and attempted to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. SDT pretreatment reduced arachidonic acid (AA) plus iron-mediated cytotoxicity in a concentration-dependent manner and prevented changes in apoptosis-related protein expression. In addition, SDT pretreatment significantly reduced glutathione depletion, hydrogen peroxide production, and mitochondrial dysfunction via treatment with AA plus iron. SDT increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in accordance with the phosphorylation of Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2). Experiments using an AMPK chemical inhibitor (Compound C) or CaMKK2 chemical inhibitor (STO-609) suggested that the CaMKK2-AMPK signaling pathway contributes to SDT-mediated protection of mitochondria and cells. Moreover, administration of SDT for 4 consecutive days to mice significantly reduced the alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities induced by carbon tetrachloride, and the numbers of degenerated hepatocytes, infiltrated inflammatory cells, nitrotyrosine-positive cells, and 4-hydroxynonenal-positive cells in liver tissue. Therefore, SDT protects hepatocytes from oxidative stress via CaMKK2-dependent AMPK activation and has the therapeutic potential to prevent or treat oxidative stress-related liver injury.</P>
변성희 ( Sung Hui Byun ),박상미 ( Sang Mi Park ),김상찬 ( Sang Chan Kim ),조일제 ( Il Je Cho ) 대한본초학회 2013 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.28 No.4
Objectives : Mori Folium was popularly used as one of the traditional medicinal herbs. Although M. Folium has been cultivated for rearing silkworm historically, it`s use has been expanded as natural therapeutic agent for the treatment of filariasis, diabetes and dropsy in East Asia. However, little has been known about the effect of M. Folium on liver fibrosis. Therefore, we would like to explore an anti-fibrogenic potential of M. Folium extract (MFE) using immortalized human hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2 cells. Methods : We examined the effects of MFE on the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-induced liver fibrosis in LX-2 cells. Cell viability, Smad binding element-driven luciferase activity, phosphorylations level of Smad 2/3, and expression level of TGFβ1-dependent target genes were monitored in the MFE-treated LX-2 cells. Results : Up to 30 μg/ml MFE treatment did not show any possible toxic effect in LX-2 cells. MFE inhibited TGFβ1-inducible Smad binding element-driven luciferase activity and decreased the TGFβ1-inducible phosphorylations of Smad 2 and Smad 3 in hepatic stellate cell in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, increases of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, TGFβ1 and matrix metalloproteinases 2 genes by TGFβ1 were also attenuated by MFE treatment. Conclusions : These findings suggested that MFE would be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment liver fibrosis, which might be mediated by the inhibition of TGFβ1-inducible Smad 2/3 transactivation and target genes expression.