Allergen-induced airway inflammation and its therapeutic intervention

Paul M O’Byrne 대한천식알레르기학회 2009 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.1 No.1

Allergen inhalation challenge has been useful for examining the mechanisms of allergen-induced airway inflammation and the associated physiological changes and for documenting the efficacy of drugs to treat asthma. Allergen inhalation by a sensitized subject results in acute bronchoconstriction, beginning within 15-30 min and lasting 1-3 hr, which can be followed by the development of a late asthmatic response. Individuals who develop both an early and late response after allergen have more marked increases in airway hyperresponsiveness, and greater increases in allergen-induced airway inflammation, particularly in airway eosinophils and basophils. All of the currently available and effective treatments for asthma modify some aspects of allergen-induced responses. These medications include short-acting and long-acting inhaled b2- agonists, inhaled corticosteroids, cromones, methylxanthines, leukotriene inhibitors, and anti-IgE monoclonal antibody. In addition, allergen inhalation challenge has become a useful method which can, in a very limited number of patients, provide key information on the therapeutic potential of new drugs being developed to treat asthma.

Bipolar Affective Disorders : Recognition and Management

Byrne, G.J.A.,Narghese, F.T. Medical Publications Korea 1988 Medical Progress Vol.10 No.11

The Decline of Oil and the Emergence of a Solar Society

Byrne, John,Kurdgelashvili, Lado,Barnett, Allen,Hughes, Kristen,Thurlow, Aaron 한국신재생에너지학회 2005 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.11

ON COMPACTNESS OF BITOPOLOGICAL SPACES

Byrne, Charles Department of Mathematics 1975 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.15 No.2

UCP600: An Exercise in International Private Sector Self Regulation

Byrne, James E. The Korean Research Institute of International Com 2007 貿易商務硏究 Vol.36 No.-

The Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits ("UCP") may be treated as a useful laboratory for studying the scope and limitations of self regulation. This is due to its almost universal success on a global stage which provides it a perspective rarely available for self regulatory provisions and due to extensive experience of judicial review of it. In this sense, it is worthwhile to examine in brief the latest iteration of the UCP, Publication No. 600 ("UCP600"). This article describes and analyze some of core provisions of the UCP600 from the perspective of their adequacy as an exercise in self regulation. It is attempted first in view of several categories of private rulemaking; definitional rulemaking, default rules, procedural rules, and remedies. After that, it is examined second in view of sound rulemaking which is related to the relative role of law and practice. It points out rich and varied insights into the possibilities and problems associated with private rulemaking in connection with commercial transactions.

Artificial Intelligence for Improved Patient Outcomes—The Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial Is the Secret Sauce

Byrne Daniel W.,Domenico Henry J.,Moore Ryan P. 대한영상의학회 2024 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.25 No.2

A review of the solar city concept and methods to assess rooftop solar electric potential, with an illustrative application to the city of Seoul

Byrne, John,Taminiau, Job,Kurdgelashvili, Lado,Kim, Kyung Nam Elsevier 2015 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.41 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Energy economy restructuring at the city level is an essential prong in any strategy that aims to address the dual energy and climate change challenges. Cities form hubs of human activity that are accompanied by high levels of energy consumption and emissions but also contain existing resources and infrastructure to transition to a greener energy economy. This paper reviews efforts to date to define the ‘solar city’ concept and assessment methods for estimating the solar electric potential of an often neglected but vital city resource in energy matters – its rooftop real estate. From this review, an application of the solar city concept is formulated and an assessment method is offered for its investigation. An illustrative case study is provided, using the City of Seoul, South Korea. Representing nearly one-quarter of South Korea’s population and a one-third of its economic activity, the application of the solar city concept to the city can have significant consequences for the future energy development pathway of the municipality and the country (the metropolitan area of Seoul encompasses nearly one-half of the national population). The research demonstrates that a technical potential equivalent to almost 30% of the city’s annual electricity consumption can be supplied by widespread deployment of rooftop-based distributed photovoltaic systems. Using the methodology developed in the paper, we estimate that sixty-six percent of the annual daylight-hours electricity needs of the City of Seoul can be served by distributed solar power systems on a typical day. It is additionally found that considerable peak shaving is possible, lessening the pressure on the city’s electricity grid. These findings can be expected to extend to other large cities when the solar city concept is thoughtfully applied.</P>

Are solar cities feasible? A review of current research

John Byrne,Job Taminiau,서정석,이주희,신수진 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2017 도시과학국제저널 Vol.21 No.4

Urban ‘polycentric’ experimentation is enabling a new understanding of the sustainability potential of cities across the world. Coupled with the rising prominence of ‘grid parity’ conditions for solar energy, it is becoming clear that cities have abundant opportunities to reconfigure urban energy economies on platforms fuelled mainly and, in a few more years, entirely on energy conservation and renewable (especially solar) energy. Early evidence of the practical application of ‘solar cities’ models suggests the financial feasibility of city-wide development of electricity infrastructures based on conservation and renewables. The results of technical and economic potential investigations capture the promise of the model. But a question remains: how can we realize the investment needed to implement solar cities. We examine three pathways: ‘project-based solar development’; ‘strategic solar development’; and ‘infrastructure-scale solar city development’, focusing in each case on solar electricity development since much of the conservation potential in cities is capable of self-financing (Byrne, J., & Taminiau, J. (2016). A review of sustainable energy utility and energy service utility concepts and applications: Realizing ecological and social sustainability with a community utility. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, 5(2), 136–154. doi10.1002/wene.171). After review of some of the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, we recommend infrastructure-scale development as the most promising means to attracting city-wide, cost-effective, sustainable energy investment.

Optimizing the Electricity Price Revenue of Wind Power Generation Captures in the South Korean Electricity Market

Eamon Byrne(에먼 번),Kim Hyun-Goo(김현구),Kang Yong-Heack(강용혁),Yun Chang-Yeol(윤창열) 한국태양에너지학회 2016 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.36 No.1

How effectively a wind farm captures high market prices can greatly influence a wind farm’s viability. This research identifies and creates an understanding of the effects that result in various capture prices (average revenue earned per unit of generation) that can be seen among different wind farms, in the current and future competitive SMP (System Marginal Price) market in South Korea. Through the use of a neural network to simulate changes in SMP caused by increased renewables, based on the Korea Institute of Energy Research’s extensive wind resource database for South Korea, the variances in current and future capture prices are modelled and analyzed for both onshore and offshore wind power generation. Simulation results shows a spread in capture price of 5.5% for the year 2035 that depends on both a locations wind characteristics and the generations’ correlation with other wind power generation. Wind characteristics include the generations’ correlation with SMP price, diurnal profile shape, and capacity factor. The wind revenue cannibalization effect reduces the capture price obtained by wind power generation that is located close to a substantial amount of other wind power generation. In onshore locations wind characteristics can differ significantly/ Hence it is recommended that possible wind development sites have suitable diurnal profiles that effectively capture high SMP prices. Also, as increasing wind power capacity becomes installed in South Korea, it is recommended that wind power generation be located in regions far from the expected wind power generation ‘hotspots’ in the future. Hence, a suitable site along the east mountain ridges of South Korea is predicted to be extremely effective in attaining high SMP capture prices. Attention to these factors will increase the revenues obtained by wind power generation in a competitive electricity market.

GINSENG INHIBITS ACETYLCHOLINE-INDUCED CONTRACTILE RESPONSES OF AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCLE

O'Byrne, PM,Han, J. H. 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1995 원광한의학 Vol.5 No.1

Panax ginseng, a traditional herb medicine, has been used in Korea for many centuries as a treatment for chromic disease. Ginsing is known to relax arterial smooth muscle, however, the effect of ginsing on tracheal smooth muscle is not known. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of ginsing on acetylcholine-induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in rats. Sprague Dawley rats (200g, female) were killed by CO_2 exposure and a segment (8-10mm) of the thoracic trachea from each rat was cut into equal segments and mounted 'in pairs' in a tissue bath. Contractile force was measured with force displacement transducers under 0.5g loading tension. The dose of acetylcholine (Ach) which evoked 50% of maximal response (ED_50) was obtained from cumulative dose response curves for acetylcholine (10^-7 -10^-4M). Contractions evoked by Ach (ED_50) were inhibited significantly by ginseng. The mean percent inhibition was 28±2%(p=0.01) after 1mg/ml ginseng, and 65±3% (p=0.01) after 3mg/ml ginseng. Indomethacin (10^-7M) slightly but significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of ginseng. Following treatment with indomethacin, the mean percent inhibition caused by 1mg/ml ginseng fell to 19±2%(p=0.02) and by 3mg/ml ginseng fell to 55±3%(p=0.01)(n=11). Propranolol(10^-7M) did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of ginseng. These results indicate that ginseng can relax actylcholine-induced contraction of rat tracheal smooth muscle, and that this inhibition involves, in part, the release of cyclooxygenase products.