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Optimized biodiesel yield in a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor using response surface methodology
Neeraj Budhraja,R.S. Mishra Techno-Press 2022 Advances in energy research Vol.8 No.4
Biodiesel is a non-polluting and non-toxic energy source that can replace conventional diesel. However, the higher production cost and raw material scarcity became challenges that obstruct the commercialization of biodiesel production. In the current investigation, fried cooking oil is used for biodiesel production in a hydrodynamic cavitation reactor, thus enhancing raw material availability and helping better waste oil disposal. However, due to the cavitation effect inside the reactor, the hydrodynamic cavitation reactor can give biodiesel yield above 98%. Thus, the use of orifice plates (having a different number of holes for cavitation) in the reactor shows more than 90% biodiesel yield within 10 mins of a time interval. The effects of rising temperature at different molar ratios are also investigated. The five-hole plate achieves the highest yield for a 4.5:1 molar ratio at 65℃. And the similar result is predicted by the response surface methodology model; however, the optimized yield is obtained at 60℃. The investigation will help understand the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on biodiesel yield at different molar ratios and elevated temperatures.
SOME NEW ASYMMETRIC ORTHOGONAL ARRAYS
Aggarwal, M.L.,Budhraja, Veena The Korean Statistical Society 2003 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.32 No.3
In this paper we make use of the parity check matrices of the codes based on inverting construction $Y_1$ to construct a number of new asymmetric orthogonal arrays with higher strength and higher number of levels using the method of construction of asymmetric orthogonal arrays given by Suen et al. (2001).
The dual roles of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase signaling in Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis in JB6 cells.
Son, Young-Ok,Hitron, John Andrew,Cheng, Senping,Budhraja, Amit,Zhang, Zhuo,Lan Guo, Nancy,Lee, Jeong-Chae,Shi, Xianglin Academic Press 2011 TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES Vol.119 No.2
<P>Occupational exposure to chromium (Cr) compounds has been shown to cause serious toxic and carcinogenic effects. The skin is an important target for the compounds in industrially exposed Cr workers. c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. This protein's effects on cellular response depend upon the cell type and stimuli. The mechanisms by which hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) leads to apoptosis in the skin are unclear at present. The aim of this study is to examine whether JNK regulates apoptosis in Cr(VI)-exposed mouse JB6 epidermal cells. The present study showed that Cr(VI) induced apoptotic cell death through JNK activation. The blockage of JNK by small interference RNA (si-RNA) transfection suppressed Cr(VI)-induced apoptotic cell death with the concomitant downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, mitochondrial membrane depolarization (δψm), caspase activation, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. However, inhibition of c-Jun expression by si-RNA transfection enhanced cytotoxicity, which corresponded to increasing apoptosis and δψm. This phenomenon is associated with p53 activation caused by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels because of the downregulation of superoxide dismutase expression in si-c-Jun-transfected cells. Taken together, Cr(VI) induces apoptosis via JNK-mediated signaling, whereas c-Jun activation acts as an inhibitor of apoptotic signaling. Additionally, ROS generated by Cr(VI) is a pivotal regulator of JNK.</P>
Pranav D. Ingole,Jignesh G. Rajguru,Nilima J. Budhraja,Ramakrishna S. Shenoi,Jui S. Karmarkar,Rahul N. Dahake 대한구강악안면외과학회 2022 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.48 No.2
Various techniques are well documented to obtain anatomic reduction, such as reduction forceps, manual reduction, or a combination of these methods. However, these techniques have inherent drawbacks. We propose a new intra-operative technique for anatomic reduction using screw-wire traction for open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fractures.