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( Eron Fabio Miranda ),( Rodrigo Bremer Nones ),( Paulo Gustavo Kotze ) 대한장연구학회 2021 Intestinal Research Vol.19 No.3
With the overspread use of measurement of serum levels of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents (therapeutic drug monitoring, TDM), new therapeutic strategies have been used in the management of Crohn’s disease (CD). Different targets are correlated with increased levels of circulating drugs. Recent evidence demonstrated that higher serum levels of anti-TNF agents may be associated to better outcomes in perianal fistulizing CD (PFCD). Overall, patients with healed fistulas had higher serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab as compared to those with active drainage. This was demonstrated in some cohort studies, in induction and maintenance, in adults and children with PFCD. In this narrative review, authors summarize current evidence on the use of serum level measurement of anti-TNF agents and its correlation with perianal fistula healing in CD patients. Data on the use of TDM in PFCD is discussed in detail. The retrospective design of the studies and the lack of objective parameters to measure fistula healing are the main limitations of published data. Prospective studies, with central reading of objective radiological parameters, such as pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scores, can improve the level of evidence on the possible advantages of TDM in perianal fistula in CD and are warranted. (Intest Res 2021;19:255-264)
Investigating possible causes of bias in a progress test translation: an one-edged sword
Dario Cecilio-Fernandes,André Bremers,Carlos Fernando Collares,Wybe Nieuwland,Cees van der Vleuten,René A. Tio 한국의학교육학회 2019 Korean journal of medical education Vol.31 No.3
Purpose: Assessment in different languages should measure the same construct. However, item characteristics, such as item flaws and content, may favor one test-taker group over another. This is known as item bias. Although some studies have focused on item bias, little is known about item bias and its association with items characteristics. Therefore, this study investigated the association between item characteristics and bias. Methods: The University of Groningen offers both an international and a national bachelor’s program in medicine. Students in both programs take the same progress test, but the international progress test is literally translated into English from the Dutch version. Differential item functioning was calculated to analyze item bias in four subsequent progress tests. Items were also classified by their categories, number of alternatives, item flaw, item length, and whether it was a case-based question. Results: The proportion of items with bias ranged from 34% to 36% for the various tests. The number of items and the size of their bias was very similar in both programmes. We have identified that the more complex items with more alternatives favored the national students, whereas shorter items and fewer alternatives favored the international students. Conclusion: Although nearly 35% of all items contain bias, the distribution and the size of the bias were similar for both groups. The findings of this paper may be used to improve the writing process of the items, by avoiding some characteristics that may benefit one group whilst being a disadvantage for others.
A Study on the Quality Management of Containerised Grains in Asia
Taih-Cherng LIRN,Peik BREMER,Gi-tae YEO,Kuo-Chung SHANG,Liu Chen Jiun 한국해운물류학회 2018 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.34 No.2
To make the best use of the imbalance of container flows between Asia and North America, containers are employed to carry grain cargoes from North America to Asia. Three criteria and nine sub-criteria were used to help control the quality of the grain cargoes shipped in containers. AHP technique is employed through a survey to major containerised grain cargo shippers, consignees, and ocean carriers to measure the degree of importance of the determinants influencing the quality of grains transported by containers. Without appropriate facilities and strategies, containerised grains mildewed easily during ocean voyage. Researching findings provide strategies to effectively reduce the damage rate of containerized grains cargo and improve the quality of the origin of food supply chain.
Heijne Amon,Krijtenburg Piet,Bremers Andre,Scheffer Gert Jan,Malagon Ignacio,Slagt Cornelis 대한마취통증의학회 2021 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.74 No.2
BackgroundCytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) are high-risk extensive abdominal surgery. During high-risk surgery, less invasive methods for cardiac index (CI) measurement have been widely used in operating theater. We investigated the accuracy of CI derived from different methods (FroTrac, ProAQT, ClearSight, and arterial pressure waveform analysis [APWA], from PICCO) and compared them to transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) during CRS and HIPEC in the operative room and intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsTwenty-five patients scheduled for CRS-HIPEC were enrolled. During nine predefined time-points, simultaneous hemodynamic measurements were performed in the operating room and ICU. Absolute and relative changes of CI were analyzed using a Bland-Altman plot, four-quadrant plot, and interchangeability.ResultsThe mean bias was −0.1 L/min/m2 for ClearSight, ProAQT, and APWA and was −0.2 L/min/m2 for FloTrac compared with TPTD. All devices had large limits of agreement (LoA). The percentage of errors and interchangeabilities for ClearSight, FloTrac, ProAQT, and APWA were 50%, 50%, 54%, 36% and 36%, 47%, 40%, 72%, respectively. Trending capabilities expressed as concordance using clinically significant CI changes were −7º ± 39º, −19º ± 38º, −13º ± 41º, and −15º ± 39º. Interchangeability in trending showed low percentages of interchangeable and gray zone data pairs for all devices.ConclusionsDuring CRS-HIPEC, ClearSight, FloTrac and ProAQT systems were not able to reliably measure CI compared to TPTD. Reproducibility of changes over time using concordance, angular bias, radial LoA, and interchangeability in trending of all devices was unsatisfactory.
The dark nature of GRB 130528A and its host galaxy
Jeong, S.,Castro-Tirado, A. J.,Bremer, M.,Winters, J. M.,Gorosabel, J.,Guziy, S.,Pandey, S. B.,Jelí,nek, M.,Sá,nchez-Ramí,rez, R.,Sokolov, Ilya V.,Orekhova, N. V.,Moskvitin, A. S.,Te Springer-Verlag 2014 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.569 No.-
Location of<i>γ</i>-ray emission and magnetic field strengths in OJ 287
Hodgson, J. A.,Krichbaum, T. P.,Marscher, A. P.,Jorstad, S. G.,Rani, B.,Marti-Vidal, I.,Bach, U.,Sanchez, S.,Bremer, M.,Lindqvist, M.,Uunila, M.,Kallunki, J.,Vicente, P.,Fuhrmann, L.,Angelakis, E.,Kar Springer-Verlag 2017 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.597 No.-