NATURE AS EXTENDED-SELF: SACRED NATURE RELATIONSHIP AND IMPLICATIONS FOR RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR

Vimala Kunchamboo,Christina K. C. Lee,Jan Brace Govan 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

This article explores alternate ways to conceptualize self-nature relationship, that is, how nature in general, rather than specific nature places, become part of the extended self and how this influences responsible consumption. An ethnography, using participant observation, iterative in-depth interviews and photographs, was used to understand self-nature relationship and consumption behavior. The study was conducted in Malaysia using the English language as the medium of communication. The results suggest three levels of extended-self, reflecting the individual’s depth of relationship with nature; relational extended-self, encapsulated-self and assimilated-self. Nature as extended self, then, influences meanings attached to nature which results in different levels of attachment with nature; these are, functional, emotional, religious and spiritual attachment. When nature is perceived as separate from self, consumption behaviour is motivated by self-interest or self-preservation. As nature experiences are internalised, individuals begin to form emotional connections which initiates the process of self-extension whereby nature is progressively seen as part of the self. At the higher level, stronger affiliation with nature may result in religious or spiritual attachment, which motivates further assimilation of the self with nature and a sense of oneness with the broader universe promoting communal relationship and mutual gain. Our study contributes theoretically with the discovery of three dimensions of extended self and how extended self influences responsible consumption. Practically, these insights are valuable for public policy, social marketing and sustainability programs, for example, it highlights a possible solution to our unsustainable consumption behaviour which is, programs or activities which encourage our citizens to spend time with nature.

EGO-SELF TO ECO-SELF: HOW DO WE FORM THE ECOLOGICAL SELF?

Vimala Kunchamboo,Christina K. C Lee,Jan Brace Govan 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

This research provides insight into how socialisation and learning aids consumers to form their ecological self. Past research establishes that ecological self, expressed as environmental identity, positively drives responsible consumption, but there is a lack of understanding of how consumers form their ecological selves and environmental identities. The aim is to provide a broader motivational structure that drives the formation of nature identity and its influence on responsible consumption behaviour. The ethnographic data uncovers the cognitive thoughts, affections, symbolic inferences and nature experiences of participants guiding the formation of the ecological self, attachment to nature and ecological worldviews, which then drives responsible consumption behaviour. The conceptual framework outlines the overall motivation driving ecological self and identifies emotional, religious and spiritual attachments to guide the development of ecocentric, theocentric and transcentric ecological worldviews. This research mainly contributes to theory development and social marketing efforts.

Full Torque Operation Range Fault-Tolerant Control with Minimum Copper Loss for Dual Three-Phase PMSM

Haolin Zheng,Xiaoze Pei,Chris Brace 전력전자학회 2023 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2023 No.-

This paper studies the single open-circuit failure (OCF) in dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DT-PMSM) at high load and motor speed for application in transportation that requires wide speed range and torque operation range (TOR). A new control scheme is proposed to achieve minimum loss in full speed range based on the well-established fault-tolerant control strategy minimum loss (ML) and maximum torque (MT). The minimum loss (ML) strategy allows demanded torque at reference speed to be delivered with minimum copper loss. The maximum torque (MT) strategy presents wider torque capability in postfault operation without exceeding current limit, while copper loss within the stator winding is not optimized. However, there is a gap in the permissible TOR of these two strategies. Simple switch of strategies, from ML to MT when the limit of ML’s TOR is reached, would result in excessive copper loss, which can potentially be eliminated. The proposed full-torque-operation-range minimum loss (FTOR-ML) in this paper will mitigate the excessive copper loss. The novel FTOR-ML for the DT-PMSM under OCF with both single (1N) and isolated neutral point (2N) has combined the merit of ML and MT where the entire TOR of MT is conserved with minimum copper loss. The analytical solution of FTOR-ML is derived in this paper. The simulation results validate the superiority of the proposed control scheme.

양 태아 출혈에 대한 적혈구 조혈인자의 반응

김사진(Sa Jin Kim),(Robert A Brace),이귀세라(Gui Se Ra Lee),노승혜(Seung Hye Rho),백은정(Jong Chul Shin),정대영(Dae Young Jung),이영(Young Yi),신종철(Jong Chul Shin),김진우(Jin Woo Kim),김수평(Soo Pyoung Kim) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.3

Objective: The ovine fetus responds to hemorrhage with a 10-20 fold increase in plasma erythropoietin (EPO) concentration at 24 hr and a return toward normal at 48 hr after the hemorrhage. The objective of the present study was more accurately to compare the magnitude and time course of the plasma EPO response after fetal hemorrhage. Methods: Chronically catheterized, 12 of late gestation ovine fetus were gradually hemorrhaged 40% of their blood volume over 2 hr (1ml/min). Plasma was sampled for EPO concentration at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30, 36 hr after initiating the hemorrhage were collected at these times. Radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma EPO concentrations. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Result: After a slow hemorrhage in the ovine fetus (1ml/min over 2hr), plasma EPO concentration increased significantly at 4hr (2.3 times basal values), reached a maximum at 16 hr (33.3 times basal values), and declined thereafter. Conclusion: We studied change in time course of the fetal plasma EPO after slow hemorrhage and recent studies have shown that the fetal kidney, liver and placenta express EPO mRNA. These observation suggest that plasma EPO increase may be mediated by a tissue specific up-regulation of EPO transcription in the fetal kidney, liver and placenta. We have studied change in Epo mRNA expression in various fetal tissue after slow haemorrhage.

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Regulates Hydrogen Sulfide Production

Hine, Christopher,Kim, Hyo-Jeong,Zhu, Yan,Harputlugil, Eylul,Longchamp, Alban,Matos, Marina Souza,Ramadoss, Preeti,Bauerle, Kevin,Brace, Lear,Asara, John M.,Ozaki, C. Keith,Cheng, Sheue-yann,Singha, S Cell Press 2017 Cell metabolism Vol.25 No.6

<▼1><P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Decreased growth hormone (GH) and thyroid hormone (TH) signaling are associated with longevity and metabolic fitness. The mechanisms underlying these benefits are poorly understood, but may overlap with those of dietary restriction (DR), which imparts similar benefits. Recently we discovered that hydrogen sulfide (H<SUB>2</SUB>S) is increased upon DR and plays an essential role in mediating DR benefits across evolutionary boundaries. Here we found increased hepatic H<SUB>2</SUB>S production in long-lived mouse strains of reduced GH and/or TH action, and in a cell-autonomous manner upon serum withdrawal in vitro. Negative regulation of hepatic H<SUB>2</SUB>S production by GH and TH was additive and occurred via distinct mechanisms, namely direct transcriptional repression of the H<SUB>2</SUB>S-producing enzyme cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) by TH, and substrate-level control of H<SUB>2</SUB>S production by GH. Mice lacking CGL failed to downregulate systemic T<SUB>4</SUB> metabolism and circulating IGF-1, revealing an essential role for H<SUB>2</SUB>S in the regulation of key longevity-associated hormones.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>•<P>Hepatic H<SUB>2</SUB>S production capacity is elevated in long-lived hypopituitary mouse models</P>•<P>Growth hormone (GH) represses hepatic H<SUB>2</SUB>S production post-transcriptionally</P>•<P>Thyroid hormone (TH) acts via TRβ to repress cystathionine γ-lyase and H<SUB>2</SUB>S levels</P>•<P>H<SUB>2</SUB>S negatively regulates circulating TH and IGF-1 levels</P></P></▼2><▼3><P>Reduced thyroid hormone (TH) and growth hormone (GH) activity are hallmarks of genetic models of longevity in mice. Here, Hine et al. find that TH and GH negatively regulate hepatic production of the longevity-associated gas hydrogen sulfide, which feeds back to negatively regulate circulating TH and IGF-1 levels.</P></▼3>

Amino Acid Restriction Triggers Angiogenesis via GCN2/ATF4 Regulation of VEGF and H₂S Production

Longchamp, Alban,Mirabella, Teodelinda,Arduini, Alessandro,MacArthur, Michael R.,Das, Abhirup,Treviñ,o-Villarreal, J. Humberto,Hine, Christopher,Ben-Sahra, Issam,Knudsen, Nelson H.,Brace, Lear E Elsevier 2018 Cell Vol.173 No.1

<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels by endothelial cells (ECs), is an adaptive response to oxygen/nutrient deprivation orchestrated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upon ischemia or exercise. Hypoxia is the best-understood trigger of VEGF expression via the transcription factor HIF1α. Nutrient deprivation is inseparable from hypoxia during ischemia, yet its role in angiogenesis is poorly characterized. Here, we identified sulfur amino acid restriction as a proangiogenic trigger, promoting increased VEGF expression, migration and sprouting in ECs <I>in vitro</I>, and increased capillary density in mouse skeletal muscle <I>in vivo</I> via the GCN2/ATF4 amino acid starvation response pathway independent of hypoxia or HIF1α. We also identified a requirement for cystathionine-γ-lyase in VEGF-dependent angiogenesis via increased hydrogen sulfide (H<SUB>2</SUB>S) production. H<SUB>2</SUB>S mediated its proangiogenic effects in part by inhibiting mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in increased glucose uptake and glycolytic ATP production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sulfur amino acid (SAA) restriction triggers angiogenesis independent of hypoxia or HIF1α </LI> <LI> GCN2/ATF4 pathway regulates VEGF and CGL expression upon SAA restriction in ECs </LI> <LI> CGL is required for skeletal muscle angiogenesis activated by diet or exercise </LI> <LI> H<SUB>2</SUB>S triggers glucose uptake, glycolysis, and PPP concomitant with OXPHOS inhibition in ECs </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>