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Yi, BoRa,Kim, Mi-Ja,Lee, JaeHwan Korean Society of Food Science and Technology 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.4
The oxidative stability in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing different emulsifier charges was tested under riboflavin photosensitization by analysis of headspace oxygen content and lipid hydroperoxides. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tween 20, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were selected as anionic, neutral, and cationic emulsifiers, respectively. The O/W emulsions containing CTAB had lower oxidative stability than those with SDS and Tween 20. The addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a well-known metal chelator, increased the oxidative stability in O/W emulsions, irrespective of emulsifier charges. Oxidative stability in Tween 20-stabilized emulsions decreased in $FeCl_3$ and $FeCl_2$ concentration-dependent manner. However, oxidative stability in samples containing CTAB increased up to 0.5mM of $FeCl_3$ and $FeCl_2$ and then decreased, which implies that CTAB act differently during lipid oxidation compared to SDS and Tween 20.
매질(matrix)에 따른 지방산화 및 산화방지능 메커니즘
이보라(BoRa Yi),김미자(Mi-Ja Kim),이재환(JaeHwan Lee) 한국식품과학회 2018 식품과학과 산업 Vol.51 No.2
지방산화는 기본적으로 불포화지방과 산소의 결합이나 이 현상을 제대로 알고 실제 식품에 적용하기 위해서는 지방산화에 미치는 모든 인자들의 화학적 관점(one-electron reduction potential, bond dissociation enthalpy) 뿐만 아니라 물리적 현상(interface, antioxidant polar paradox)을 포괄적으로 이해해야 한다. Invitro실험법에 의해 도출된 산화방지제는 가능성을 보여주는 것이나 실제 식품과 bulk oil, 유화형태, 오르가노젤과 같은고체 상태의 다양한 매트릭스에서는 다른 활성을 나타낸다. 또한 산화방지제의 농도와 다른 물질의 존재에 따라 예상과 다른 활성을 나타내기도 한다. 산화방지제를 활용하여 최종제품의 유통기한을 증가시키기 위해서는 실제 활용될 제품의 매질로 사용해야 한다. The action of antioxidants was different depending on the environments where antioxidants were located. Although basic mechanisms of lipid oxidation and antioxidants were related each other, their contribution on the degree of oxidation was different. In this review, terminology on antioxidant properties were defined such as antioxidant activity and antioxidant capacities. In addition, antioxidant mechanisms including primary and secondary antioxidants or hydrogen donating or electron transferring antioxidants were introduced. Also, the impact of physical points of view and antioxidant polar paradox were introduced. Depending on the types of food matrice including bulk oil, oil-in-water emulsion (O/W), or solid state, antioxidant actions showed different degree and this point was explained in detail.
α-Amylase 첨가에 따른 쌀가루 및 팽화미분 아이스크림의 이화학적 특성
오보라 ( Bora Oh ),이영현 ( Young Hyoun Yi ) 한국산업식품공학회 2016 산업 식품공학 Vol.20 No.1
단립종 쌀가루, 장립종 쌀가루, 단립종 팽화미분 및 장립종 팽화미분의 호화도와 α-amylase 첨가에 따른 쌀가루와 팽화미분 아이스크림의 점도, 오버런, 녹아내리는 정도, 수분, 조지방, 총당 그리고 색도를 조사하였다. 호화도는 동일 곡종에서는 팽화로 호화도가 증가하였으며, 동일 처리구에서는 단립종이 장립종 보다 높았다. 점도는 α-amylase 농도가 증가할수록 감소했고 0.0%를 제외한 동일 농도와 곡종에서는 쌀가루가 팽화미분보다 높았으며, 같은 농도와 처리구에서는 단립종이 높았다. 오버런은 0.2%가 가장 높았고 같은 농도와 처리구에서는 단립종이 높았다. 녹아내리는 정도는 믹스 점도가 낮아질수록 많이 녹아내렸고, 팽화미분이 쌀가루보다 많았다. 수분은 효소함량에 따라 유의적 차이가 없었으며, 팽화유무에 상관없이 단립종이 높거나 같았다. 조지방은 농도, 곡종 및 팽화유무와 상관없이 유의적 차이가 없었다. 총당 함량은 α-amylase 농도가 증가할수록 높아졌고 동일 농도에서는 팽화미분이 높은 값을 보였다. 색도는 효소 농도가 짙어질수록 “L”값과 “b”값은 증가하였고 “a”값은 감소하였다. 동일한 농도와 곡종에서는 팽화에 의해 “b”값은 감소하였다(p<0.05). The viscosity, overrun, melting-down, moisture, crude fat, total sugar, and color of rice powder and puffed rice powder ice cream, following the addition of α-amylase, were investigated. For identical grain types, the gelatinization degree increased with puffing, and within the same treatment, the short grain was higher than the long grain. Viscosity dropped with increasing α-amylase at the same concentration and grain type, excluding 0.0%, the rice powder was higher than the puffed one, and for the same concentration and treatment, the short grain was higher. The overrun was highest at 0.2%, and for the same concentration and treatment, the short grain exhibited higher overrun. Higher melting-down was observed in puffed and lower viscosity ice cream mix. No significant difference was found in moisture with enzyme concentration. Regardless of puffing, the short tended to have a higher moisture. No difference was noticed in crude fat by concentration, grain type, or puffing. The total sugar was higher with increasing α-amylase; at the same concentration, puffed tended to be higher. The hunter “L” and “b” increased with α-amylase, while the “a” value dropped. At the same concentration and grain type, the “b” values decreased with puffing (p<0.05).
Kumar, Santosh,Bora, Sita,Sharma, Umesh K.,Yi, Keewook,Kim, Namhoon Elsevier 2017 Lithos Vol.277 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The lithounits constituting the Ladakh Himalaya are exposed along the Indus and Shyok Sutures Zones of northwest Himalaya. The Shyok Suture Zone (SSZ) in northern Ladakh represents a highly tectonized zone of a back-arc basin, which is mainly composed of volcano-sedimentary formations (Shyok and Khardung Formations) intimately, associated with intrusive granitoids. In the Nubra-Shyok valley of the SSZ calc-alkaline granitoids of batholithic dimension are exposed in the Tirit region, referred herein as the Tirit granitoids, which are intrusive evidently into the Shyok volcanic (rhyolite) rocks belonging to the Shyok Formation. In this valley the northern margins of granitoids of the Ladakh batholith can also be found intrusive into the metasediments (shale/slate) and metavolcanics of the Shyok Formation. The compositions and crystallization pressures (~66 to 91MPa) of amphiboles in the intrusive Tirit granitoid corroborate a calc-alkaline nature and solidification of Tirit granitoid melt at subvolcanic level equivalent to a minimum of 2.5km to a maximum of 3.5km thick overburden of Shyok volcanics. U–Pb SHRIMP zircons from the Tirit granitoids have yielded mean crystallization ages of 109.4±1.1Ma and 105.30±0.80Ma, which strengthen the idea of Early Cretaceous subduction beneath the Karakoram terrain. Inherited older zircon cores (278–393Ma, 476–519–713–952Ma and 1933Ma) suggest a contribution from heterogeneous Palaeozoic and Proterozoic sources in the generation of the Tirit granitoids similar to those observed elsewhere in the Karakoram-Kohistan region. A mean crystallization age (105.30±0.80) of zircons in the Tirit granitoid hosting xenoliths of porphyritic volcanics places a minimum eruption age of ca. 105Ma for the Shyok volcanics. The Ladakh granitoid, Tirit granitoids and porphyritic volcanic xenolith belong to a calc-alkaline series. A mean crystallization age (67.32±0.66Ma) for zircon in the Ladakh granitoid implies that the Shyok metasediments (shale/slate) were deposited and metamorphosed prior to ca. 68Ma. Present and earlier determined ages on Tirit granitoids revealed that the subduction-related calc-alkaline magmatism in the Nubra-Shyok valley of the SSZ prevailed between 110 and 68Ma, and hence a minimum age of Early Cretaceous can be suggested for development of the SSZ.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Field and geobarometric (~56 to 129MPa) evidence corroborates solidification of Tirit granitoid melt at subvolcanic level. </LI> <LI> Ages (109.4±1.1, 105.3±0.8Ma) and calc-alkaline nature of Tirit granitoids record Early Cretaceous (>110Ma) subduction. </LI> <LI> A minimum age of Albian for Shyok volcanics and Maastrichtian for Shyok metasediments is suggested. </LI> <LI> Palaeozoic to Proterozoic inherited zircons imply role of heterogeneous sources in the formation of Tirit granitoid melts. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kim Sukyung,Han Song-Yi,Lee Jinyoung,Kim Na-Rae,Lee Bora,Kim Hyunmi,Kwon Mijeoung,Ahn Kangmo,Noh Youngbae,Kim Sang Jong,Lee Phyrim,Kim Dongki,Kim Byung Eui,김지현 대한천식알레르기학회 2022 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.14 No.5
Purpose: The beneficial effects of a combination therapy using Bifidobacterium longum and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been elucidated. Methods: Gene expressions of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and fecal abundance of B. longum from 12-month-old infants were evaluated. Human primary epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and hairless mice were treated with B. longum, GOS, B. longum-derived extracellular vesicles (BLEVs), dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), or a synbiotic mixture of B. longum and GOS. Expression of epidermal barrier proteins and cytokines as well as serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were analyzed in HEKs and mice. Dermatitis scores, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), epidermal thickness, and fecal B. longum abundance were evaluated in mice. Results: Fecal abundance of B. longum was negatively correlated with blood IL-13 expression in infants. B. longum or BLEVs increased expression of filaggrin (FLG) and loricrin (LOR) in HEKs. B. longum increased the efficacy of GOS to upregulate FLG and LOR expressions in HEKs. Oral administration of GOS increased fecal abundance of B. longum in mice. Oral administration of B. longum attenuated DNCB-induced skin inflammation, abnormal TEWL, AD-like skin, and deficiency of epidermal barrier proteins. Moreover, the combination of B. longum and GOS showed greater effects to improve DNCB-induced skin inflammation, abnormal TEWL, AD-like skin, serum IgE levels, IL-4 over-expression, and the deficiency of epidermal barrier proteins than the administration of B. longum alone. Conclusions: B. longum and GOS improve DNCB-induced skin barrier dysfunction and AD-like skin.