DEVELOPMENT OF BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE: Assessment of Economic Implications for Regional Economies including India

Ashwani Bishnoi,Pravakar Sahoo 한국외국어대학교 인도연구소 2021 남아시아연구 Vol.27 No.1

China’s flagship project Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) launched in 2013 is meant to reshape global networks of transport infrastructure further integrating China with Asia, Europe and Africa having significant implications on trade, investment and economic and political ties of China vis-à-vis with other countries. The paper brings the present state of the project in terms of setting up of institutional capabilities and the infrastructure investment into BRI participating countries. It also highlights the impact assessment of BRI for China and draws the economic as well as strategic implications of the project on India. Overall, there has been significant increase in Chinese outward investment during the post- BRI announcement and most of the outward investment has been directed towards countries which are participating in BRI. With regard to the impact on China, it is found that the core industrial output of China has not experienced a revival post BRI announcement. On the trade front, no such evidence of increase in exports of China to the countries falling around BRI corridor is noted so far, and same for imports also from the resource seeking perspective. The possible implications for India is that the BRI project is going to put the Indian economy into a very challenging environment as both countries share the trade complementarities with the BRI participating regions.

ANALYSIS OF A NONLIEAR k-ε MODEL AND ITS APPLICATION TO TURBULENCE - DRIVEN SECONDARY FLOW

P. K. Bishnoi,U. Ghia,K. N. Ghia 대한기계학회 1992 International Conference on Fluid Machinery Vol.1 No.1

Microstructural modelling of the elastic properties of tricalcium silicate pastes at early ages

Huy Q. Do,Shashank Bishnoi,Karen L. Scrivener 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2015 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.16 No.1

This paper describes the numerical calculation of elastic properties of a simulated microstructure of cement paste from very early age, when most previous models fail to give accurate results. The development of elastic properties of tricalcium silicate pastes was calculated by discretising a numerical resolution-free 3D vector microstructure to a regular cubic mesh. Due to the connections formed in the microstructure as an artefact of the meshing procedure, the simulated elastic moduli were found to be higher than expected. Furthermore, the percolation of the solids was found to occur even before hydration started. A procedure to remove these artefacts, on the basis of the information available in the vector microstructures was developed. After this correction, a better agreement of the experimental results with calculations was obtained between 20% and 40% hydration. However, percolation threshold was found to be delayed significantly. More realistic estimates of percolation threshold were obtained if either flocculation or a densification of calcium silicate hydrate with hydration was assumed.

Techniques for Formulation of Nanoemulsion Drug Delivery System: A Review

Manish Kumar,Ram Singh Bishnoi,Ajay Kumar Shukla,Chandra Prakash Jain 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.24 No.3

Nanoemulsion drug delivery systems are advanced modes for delivering and improving the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs and the drug which have high first pass metabolism. The nanoemulsion can be prepared by both high energy and low energy methods. High energy method includes high-pressure homogenization, microfluidization, and ultrasonication whereas low energy methods include the phase inversion emulsification method and the self-nanoemulsification method. Low energy methods should be preferred over high energy methods as these methods require less energy, so are more efficient and do not require any sophisticated instruments. However high energy methods are more favorable for food grade emulsion as they require lower quantities of surfactant than low energy methods. Techniques for formulation of nanoemulsion drug delivery system are overlapping in nature, especially in the case of low energy methods. In this review, we have classified different methods for formulation of nanoemulsion systems based on energy requirements, nature of phase inversion, and self-emulsification.

Synthesis and characterization of ZnGa2O4:Cr3+Ge3+ compounds with tunable photoluminescence properties

Kumar Pankaj,Sharma Aditya,Bishnoi Priyanka,Vij Ankush,Kumar Sandeep,Shin Hyun-Joon,Chae K. H.,Lee B. H.,Won S. O. 한국물리학회 2023 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.83 No.6

Pure and doped (Cr and Ge) ZnGa2O4 compounds are prepared using solid-state reaction method. Single-phase nature of pure and doped ZnGa2O4 compounds is investigated using X-ray difraction (XRD). XRD results indicate lower theta angle shifting, decrease in particle size and tensile strain in the doped samples. A granular morphology of amalgamated particles is seen in the SEM images. EDS results convey, practically, the same concentrations (atm%) of doped elements as used during the preparation. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) results helped to determine the valence state of elements. O K-edge XANES shows a signifcant orbital hybridization of O 2p shells with the d shells of doped atoms (i.e., Cr and Ge). Broad PL bands, of nearly the white-light emission, are observed in all of the samples. Modifcation in the PL intensity and emitted wavelengths, upon doping of Cr3+ and Ge3+ ions, are discussed through the energy transfer mechanisms and defects in the compounds.

Consumer Awareness towards Internet Banking : A Comparative Study of Public, Private and Foreign Banks

Ashima Tandon,Manisha Goel,Sunita Bishnoi 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.6

Internet banking is regarded as a delivery channel, which over a period of time has gained recognition. It in fact has experienced growth in many countries and has changed the traditional way of banking. This channel has provided competitive advantage to the banks. With the help of internet banking the consumer has an access to number of services just at the click of a mouse. The present study is based on the responses of 450 consumers surveyed in Delhi and National Capital Region to understand the consumer awareness towards internet banking and the respondents were selected from public, private and foreign sector banks. To achieve the objectives of the study a questionnaire with five-point Likert scale consisting of various aspects related to internet banking was designed and random sampling method was adopted to collect the responses. The results of the study indicate that the level of consumer awareness is higher in case of private and foreign sector banks in comparison to public sector banks. Public sector banks need to focus on their working in order to battle with the private and foreign sector banks.

Effect of Bee Attractants on Foraging Activities of Honeybees Apis mellifera, A. dorsata and A. cerana on Cucumis sativus L. and Memordica charantia L. Flowers

Ngawang Dorjay,Dharam Pal Abrol,Bishnoi Vikram 한국양봉학회 2022 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.37 No.2

The results of the present investigations on various attractants used for attracring bews revealed that a day before spraying in case of Apis mellifera visiting cucumber flowers, the number of bees raised from 4.60-5.80 bees/5 plant/5 min which did not differ significantly among the treatments. However, 1DAFS there was considerable increase in the population of bees in all the treatments except control. The data revealed that the combination of Bee Q and Jaggery attracted higher number of bees and the number increased from 5.42-9.00/5 plant/5 min whereas sugar solution attracted less number of bees from 4.60-4.80 only. The other treatments were in between the two. Similarly, in 3DAFS and 5DAFS Bee Q+Jaggery attracted large number of bees as compared to other attractants but all these treatments was superior to control. A similar trend was observed during second spray and third spray. An overall examination revealed that the efficacy of different attractants was in the order Bee Q+Jaggery @100 g/Lit>Bee Q+Molasses @100 g/Lit>Bee Q+Sugar solution @100 g/Lit>Jaggery @100 g/Lit>Bee Q @100 g/Lit>Molasses @100 g/Lit>Sugar solution @100 g/Lit>control (without spray) for different bee species both in cucumber and bittergourd.

Monte Carlo simulation of spin relaxation in core-shell nanowires of dilute magnetic semiconductors

S. Sabiq Chishti,Bahniman Ghosh,Bhupesh Bishnoi 한국물리학회 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.9

Spin transport behaviour in stand-alone and core-shell nanowire (NW) structure composed of dilutemagnetic semiconductor (DMS) has been analysed using Semi-classical Monte Carlo approach. Inspiredby recent attempts on exploring various factors instrumental in determining the spin dynamics, we haveemployed four DMS materials, namely, CdMnS, CdMnSe, ZnMnSe and CdMnTe for our study. Dominantmechanisms for spin relaxation, D’yakonov-Perel and Elliot-Yafet, have been actively employed in ourheuristic model to simulate the spin transport. The dependence of spin relaxation length (SRL) on thediameter of the core has been observed and explained. The first order calculations used to develop themodel shows the superiority of the core-shell structure over stand-alone nanowire (NW) structure interms of spin transport.

Predictors of Mortality after Surgery for Empyema Thoracis in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Mohan Venkatesh Pulle,Harsh Vardhan Puri,Belal Bin Asaf,Sukhram Bishnoi,Manish Malik,Arvind Kumar 대한흉부외과학회 2020 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.53 No.6

Background: Surgical treatment of empyema thoracis in patients with chronic kidney disease is challenging, and few studies in the literature have evaluated this issue. In this study, we aim to report the surgical outcomes of empyema and to analyze factors predict- ing perioperative mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: This retrospective study included data from 34 patients with chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for 3 or more months) who underwent surgery for empyema between 2012 and 2020. An analysis of demo- graphic characteristics and perioperative variables, including complications, was carried out. Postoperative mortality was the primary outcome measure. Results: Patients’ age ranged from 20 to 74 years with a 29-to-5 male-female ratio. The majority (n=19, 55.9%) of patients were in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring main- tenance hemodialysis. The mean operative time was 304 minutes and the mean intraop- erative blood loss was 562 mL. Postoperative morbidity was observed in 70.5% of patients (n=24). In the subgroup analysis, higher values for operative time, blood loss, intensive care unit stay, and complications were found in ESRD patients. The mortality rate was 38.2% (n=13). In the univariate and multivariate analyses, poor performance status (East- ern Cooperative Oncology Group >2) (p=0.03), ESRD (p=0.02), and late referral (>8 weeks) (p<0.001) significantly affected mortality. Conclusion: ESRD, late referral, and poor functional status were poor prognostic factors predicting postoperative mortality. The decision of surgery should be cautiously assessed given the very high risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality in these patients.

Meta-Analysis of Limited Thymectomy versus Total Thymectomy for Masaoka Stage I and II Thymoma

Pulle Mohan Venkatesh,Asaf Belal Bin,Puri Harsh Vardhan,Bishnoi Sukhram,Arvind Kumar 대한흉부외과학회 2021 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.54 No.2

Background: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the incidence of tumor recurrence, postoperative myasthenia gravis, postoperative complications, and overall survival after limited versus total thymectomy for Masaoka stage I and II thymoma. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted using the PubMed, Em- base, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases to identify relevant studies that compared limited and total thymectomy in Masaoka stage I–II patients. The quality of the included obser- vational studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The results of the me- ta-analysis were expressed as log-transformed odds ratios (log ORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Seven observational studies with a total of 2,310 patients were included in the meta-analysis. There was an overall non-significant difference in favor of total thymectomy in terms of tumor recurrence (pooled log OR, 0.40; 95% CI, -0.07 to 0.87; p=0.10; I2=0%) and postoperative myasthenia gravis (pooled log OR, 0.12; 95% CI, -1.08 to 1.32; p=0.85; I2=22.6%). However, an overall non-significant difference was found in favor of limited thymectomy with respect to postoperative complications (pooled log OR, -0.21; 95% CI, -1.08 to 0.66; p=0.64; I2=36.1%) and overall survival (pooled log OR, -0.01; 95% CI, -0.68 to 0.66; p=0.98; I2=47.8%). Conclusion: Based on the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis, limited thymectomy as a treatment for stage I and II thymoma shows similar oncologic outcomes to total thymectomy.