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AREVA NP's enhanced accident-tolerant fuel developments: Focus on Cr-coated M6 cladding
Jeremy Bischoff,Christine Delafoy,Christine Vauglin,Pierre Barberis,Cedric Roubeyrie,Delphine Perche,Dominique Duthoo,Frederic Schuster,Jean-Christophe Brachet,Elmar W. Schweitzer,Kiran Nimishakavi 한국원자력학회 2018 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.50 No.2
AREVA NP (Courbevoie, Paris, France) is actively developing several enhanced accident-tolerant fuelscladding concepts ranging from near-term evolutionary (Cr-coated zirconium alloy cladding) to longtermrevolutionary (SiC/SiC composite cladding) solutions, relying on its worldwide teams and partnerships,with programs and irradiations planned both in Europe and the United States. The most advanced and mature solution is a dense, adherent chromium coating on zirconium alloycladding, which was initially developed along with the CEA and EDF in the French joint nuclear R&Dprogram. The evaluation of the out-of-pile behavior of the Cr-coated cladding showed excellent results,suggesting enhanced reliability, enhanced operational flexibility, and improved economics in normaloperating conditions. For example, because chromium is harder than zirconium, the Cr coating providesthe cladding with a significantly improved wear resistance. Furthermore, Cr-coated samples exhibitextremely low corrosion kinetics in autoclave and prevents accelerated corrosion in harsh environmentssuch as in water with 70 ppm Li leading to improved operational flexibility. Finally, AREVA NP has fabricated a physical vapor deposition prototype machine to coat full-lengthcladding tubes. This machine will be used for the manufacturing of full-length lead test rods in commercialreactors by 2019.
Modular, Ultra-compact Marx Generators for Repetitive High-power Microwave Systems
R. Bischoff,J.-P. Duperoux,S. Pinguet 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.61
The essential demand for high-power microwave (HPM) devices for both military and civil applications, such as convoy protection and car stopping, requires compact repetitive pulsed-power generators. We report on the latest developments in technology of our balanced, coaxial Marx-type generators, which distinguish themselves by a fundamental modular concept for reasons of scalability. The Marx generators especially make use of inductive charging technology to ensure high repetitive operation. The Marx stages were completely redesigned. The old fibreglass housings have been replaced by new versions made of PVC. All electrical contacts were reworked to minimize the risk of parasitic discharges. Each new elementary stage of the Marx generator finally consists of eight 1.1 nF sector-of-a-cylinder ceramic capacitors in parallel, two charging coils with an optimized inductance of about 18.6 킜 and two halves of the spherical spark gaps. Marx generators with a variable number of stages were assembled and successfully tested up to charging voltages of 50 kV for up to 10 stages and 40 kV for the 20-stage version, respectively. The efficiency as a function of the stage number was investigated and proved to be about 7 % better than with a resistively charged version of ISL Marx generators. Burst mode operation for a duration of 10 s at a pulse repetition frequency of 100 Hz is reported. The recovery time of the spark gap arrangement inside the Marx generators was determined to be of about 4 ms by using nitrogen as the operating gas, indicating the potential of the ISL Marx generators to operate at pulse repetition frequencies of more than 200 Hz. In order to gain an in-depth insight into the behaviour of an inductive Marx generator during the charging and discharging phases and to derive precise information for the design of future generators, an advanced PSpice simulation model was developed. The breakdown dynamics of the spark gaps was implemented by making use of the Vlastos formula; parasitic effects such as stray capacitances were taken into account.
Wireless sensor networks for long-term structural health monitoring
Meyer, Jonas,Bischoff, Reinhard,Feltrin, Glauco,Motavalli, Masoud Techno-Press 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.3
In the last decade, wireless sensor networks have emerged as a promising technology that could accelerate progress in the field of structural monitoring. The main advantages of wireless sensor networks compared to conventional monitoring technologies are fast deployment, small interference with the surroundings, self-organization, flexibility and scalability. These features could enable mass application of monitoring systems, even on smaller structures. However, since wireless sensor network nodes are battery powered and data communication is the most energy consuming task, transferring all the acquired raw data through the network would dramatically limit system lifetime. Hence, data reduction has to be achieved at the node level in order to meet the system lifetime requirements of real life applications. The objective of this paper is to discuss some general aspects of data processing and management in monitoring systems based on wireless sensor networks, to present a prototype monitoring system for civil engineering structures, and to illustrate long-term field test results.
Weissheimer Theodoro,Bischoff Karolina Frick,Michel Carolina Horn Troian,Só Bruna Barcelos,Martins Manoela Domingues,Souza Matheus Albino,da Rosa Ricardo Abreu,Só Marcus Vinícius Reis 대한치과보존학회 2023 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.48 No.3
This review aimed to answer the following question “Does photobiomodulation treatment of the root surface decrease the occurrence of root resorption in reimplanted teeth?” Electronic searches were performed in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Grey Literature Report databases. Risk of bias was evaluated using SYRCLE Risk of Bias tool. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) tool was used to assess the certainty of evidence. In total, 6 studies were included. Five studies reported a reduced occurrence of root resorption in teeth that received photobiomodulation treatment of the root surface prior to replantation. Only 1 study reported contradictory results. The photobiomodulation parameters varied widely among studies. GRADE assessment showed a low certainty of evidence. It can be inferred that photobiomodulation treatment of the root surface prior to replantation of teeth can reduce the occurrence of root resorption. Nonetheless, further clinical studies are needed. Trial Registration PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42022349891
Kang, Hwan Goo,Bischoff, Karyn,Ebel, Joseph G,Cha, Sang Ho,McCardle, James,Choi, Cheong Up AAVLD 2010 Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation Vol.22 No.6
<P>Lead (Pb) concentrations in whole blood and 관-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) concentrations in plasma and whole blood from 37 cattle with suspected Pb exposure were determined in order to investigate the usefulness of ALA as a biological indicator for Pb poisoning in cattle. Cows were divided into 4 groups based on blood Pb, as follows: <30 ppb (group 1), 30-100 ppb (group 2), 100-300 ppb (group 3), and >300 ppb (group 4). The derivatization reaction for ALA was improved by a greater than 2-fold measure in whole blood and by a 10-fold measure in plasma by adding 75 and 50 µl of 0.1 N HCl, respectively. Blood Pb concentrations ranged from <25 ppb to 1,006 ppb (185.5 ± 254.9 ppb), with 17 samples containing >50 ppb Pb. Delta-aminolevulinic acid concentrations in whole blood and plasma ranged from <62.7 ppb to 96.9 ppb (77.4 ± 8.4 ppb) and from <5.0 ppb to 24.0 ppb (4.6 ± 3.8 ppb), respectively. Whole blood ALA did not correlate with blood lead concentrations in any group. Increase in plasma ALA concentration was dependent on blood Pb concentration. There was no correlation between blood Pb concentration and plasma ALA concentration in group 2 (n ????4), but correlation coefficients were 0.736 in group 3 and 0.807 in group 4, respectively. The correlation coefficient was increased to 0.851 when groups 3 and 4 were combined. Based on these observations, in cattle, plasma ALA is a more reliable biological biomarker for Pb exposure than is blood ALA.</P>
Wireless sensor networks for long-term structural health monitoring
Jonas Meyer,Reinhard Bischoff,Glauco Feltrin,Masoud Motavalli 국제구조공학회 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.3
In the last decade, wireless sensor networks have emerged as a promising technology that could accelerate progress in the field of structural monitoring. The main advantages of wireless sensor networks compared to conventional monitoring technologies are fast deployment, small interference with the surroundings, self-organization, flexibility and scalability. These features could enable mass application of monitoring systems, even on smaller structures. However, since wireless sensor network nodes are battery powered and data communication is the most energy consuming task, transferring all the acquired raw data through the network would dramatically limit system lifetime. Hence, data reduction has to be achieved at the node level in order to meet the system lifetime requirements of real life applications. The objective of this paper is to discuss some general aspects of data processing and management in monitoring systems based on wireless sensor networks, to present a prototype monitoring system for civil engineering structures, and to illustrate long-term field test results.