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An overview of microdiesel — A sustainable future source of renewable energy
Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Bhatia, Ravi Kant,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2017 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.79 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microdiesel obtained from microbes using renewable materials as carbon sources is an important alternative to petroleum diesel. This review provides information related to microdiesel production using various carbon sources; i.e. carbon dioxide, C<SUB>2</SUB>, saccharides, and lignocellulose. Microbes can accumulate different contents of fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG). Not all microbes store fatty acids and utilize a broad range of substrates as carbon sources, and vice versa. Microbes can be engineered to consume various carbon sources, and accumulate increased amounts of fatty acids with different composition. The properties of microdiesel depend on its fatty acid profile, which in turn determines its efficacy. The structural features of the fatty acids, such as carbon chain length, branching and degree of unsaturation, affect the physiochemical properties of the biodiesel (cetane number (CN), oxidation stability (OS), iodine value (IV), cold flow properties, density and kinematic viscosity). Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles can be used to evaluate the key properties of biodiesel, i.e. the stability of the oil used. The overview presented herein concludes that microdiesel production using non-feed carbon sources and genetically engineered microbes shows much promise.</P>
Bhatia, S. K.,Kim, J. H.,Kim, M. S.,Kim, J.,Hong, J. W.,Hong, Y. G.,Kim, H. J.,Jeon, J. M.,Kim, S. H.,Ahn, J. Springer Science + Business Media 2018 BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING Vol.41 No.2
<P>Polyhydroxyalkonate (PHA) is a type of polymer that has the potential to replace petro-based plastics. To make PHA production more economically feasible, there is a need to find a new carbon source and engineer microbes to produce a commercially valuable polymer. Coffee waste is an inexpensive raw material that contains fatty acids. It can act as a sustainable carbon source and seems quite promising with PHA production in Ralstonia eutropha, which is a well-known microbe for PHA accumulation, and has the potential to utilize fatty acids. In this study, to make poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (P(HB-co-HHx)), which has superior properties in terms of biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mechanical strength, engineered strain Ralstonia eutropha Re2133 overexpressing (R)-specific enoyl coenzyme-A hydratase (phaJ) and PHA synthetase (phaC2) with deletion of acetoacetyl Co-A reductases (phaB1, phaB2, and phaB3) was used to produce PHA from coffee waste oil. At a coffee oil concentration of 1.5%, and C/N ratio of 20, the R. eutropha Re2133 fermentation process results in 69% w/w of DCW PHA accumulation and consists of HB (78 mol%) and HHx (22 mol%). This shows the feasibility of using coffee waste oil for P(HB-co-HHx) production, as it is a low-cost fatty acid enriched waste material.</P>
High-Mobility Bismuth-based Transparent <i>p</i>-Type Oxide from High-Throughput Material Screening
Bhatia, Amit,Hautier, Geoffroy,Nilgianskul, Tan,Miglio, Anna,Sun, Jingying,Kim, Hyung Joon,Kim, Kee Hoon,Chen, Shuo,Rignanese, Gian-Marco,Gonze, Xavier,Suntivich, Jin American Chemical Society 2016 Chemistry of materials Vol.28 No.1
Forest Insect Industry in Collaborative Forest Management: An Overview
Bhatia, Narendra Kumar,Yousuf, Mohammad Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2013 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.27 No.1
In India, forest based insect enterprises has never been linked up with any forest management activity, either as a forest conservation strategy or to reduce the poverty in forested area. This investigation indicated that when forest dependent people are associated with forest insect industry (FII) like forest sericulture, lac culture or apiculture; this income generating activity links livelihood with forest conservation, and generates a viable model of collaborative forest management (CFM). In this model different stakeholders work together as a coherent entity for unified goal of managing the forest for well-being of the poor people in fringe areas. Article summaries and evaluates the prospect of India specific forest insect industry, and discusses how and to what extent integration of FII could be a viable livelihood component in CFM to conserve the forest and insect biodiversity. We analysed a case study on forestbased rearing of tropical tasar silkworm rearing in Central India from CFM perspective. Arguments in this communication are intended to provide forest managers and policy-makers with necessary input to consider location specific FII in CFM mode to provide a continuous source of small income to forest dependent people to ensure long lasting success of their forest management endeavours.
Current status and strategies for second generation biofuel production using microbial systems
Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Kim, Sang-Hyoun,Yoon, Jeong-Jun,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2017 Energy conversion and management Vol.148 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Economic growth and industrial energy demand necessitate sustainable energy resources. The food vs. fuel issue means that first generation biofuels appear unsustainable. Therefore, biofuel production using lignocellulosic biomass clearly needs to be explored and promoted. However, due to technological barriers, the production of biofuel from lignocellulose (second generation biofuel) is currently not cost effective. Although microbial fermentation is an ecofriendly way to convert lignocellulose into biofuel, it will take time to become a commercial reality. Biofuels of different generations can contribute synergistically to fulfill energy demand. More research and government participation is needed to make the biofuel production process more feasible. This review focuses on the pretreatment of biomass, the production of biofuel (biodiesel, bioalcohol, and biogas) using microbial systems, and the various efforts that have been implemented to improve biofuel production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Second generation biofuel is produced from lignocellulosic biomass. </LI> <LI> Microbes have potential to ferment biomass into biofuel. </LI> <LI> Metabolic engineering and consortia approach can improve biofuel production. </LI> <LI> Second generation biofuel production still in initial stage and require more research input. </LI> </UL> </P>
Some norm inequalities for matrix means
Bhatia, R.,Lim, Y.,Yamazaki, T. North Holland [etc.] 2016 Linear algebra and its applications Vol.501 No.-
<P>Inequalities for unitarily invariant norms of power means of positive definite matrices are presented. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</P>
Bhatia, Amita,Gupta, Rahul K.,Bhattacharya, Sati. N.,Choi, H.J. The Korean Society of Rheology 2007 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.19 No.3
Biodegradable polymeric blends are expected to be widely used by industry due to their environmental friendliness and comparable mechanical and thermal properties. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) are such biodegradable polymers which aim to replace commodity polymers in future applications. Since cost and brittleness of PLA is quite high, it is not economically feasible to use it alone for day to day use as a packaging material without blending. In this study, blends of PLA and PBS with various compositions were prepared by using a laboratory-scale twin-screw extruder at $180^{\circ}C$. Morphological, thermal, rheological and mechanical properties were investigated on the samples obtained by compression molding to explore suitability of these compositions for packaging applications. Morphology of the blends was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphology showed a clear phase difference trend depending on blend composition. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) thermograms of the blends indicated that the glass transition temperature ($T_g$) of PLA did not change much with the addition of PBS, but analysis showed that for PLA/PBS blend of up to 80/20 composition there is partial miscibility between the two polymers. The tensile strength and modulus were measured by the Instron Universal Testing Machine. Tensile strength, modulus and percentage (%) elongation at break of the blends decreased with PBS content. However, tensile strength and modulus values of PLA/PBS blend for up to 80/20 composition nearly follow the mixing rule. Rheological results also show miscibility between the two polymers for PBS composition less than 20% by weight. PBS reduced the brittleness of PLA, thus making it a contender to replace plastics for packaging applications. This work found a partial miscibility between PBS and PLA by investigating thermal, mechanical and morphological properties.
Strong convexity of sandwiched entropies and related optimization problems
Bhatia, Rajendra,Jain, Tanvi,Lim, Yongdo World Scientific Publishing Company 2018 Reviews in mathematical physics Vol.30 No.9
<P>We present several theorems on strict and strong convexity, and higher order differential formulae for sandwiched quasi-relative entropy (a parametrized version of the classical fidelity). These are crucial for establishing global linear convergence of the gradient projection algorithm for optimization problems for these functions. The case of the classical fidelity is of special interest for the multimarginal optimal transport problem (the <TEX>$ n$</TEX>-coupling problem) for Gaussian measures.</P>