http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
An overview of microdiesel — A sustainable future source of renewable energy
Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Bhatia, Ravi Kant,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2017 RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS Vol.79 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Microdiesel obtained from microbes using renewable materials as carbon sources is an important alternative to petroleum diesel. This review provides information related to microdiesel production using various carbon sources; i.e. carbon dioxide, C<SUB>2</SUB>, saccharides, and lignocellulose. Microbes can accumulate different contents of fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG). Not all microbes store fatty acids and utilize a broad range of substrates as carbon sources, and vice versa. Microbes can be engineered to consume various carbon sources, and accumulate increased amounts of fatty acids with different composition. The properties of microdiesel depend on its fatty acid profile, which in turn determines its efficacy. The structural features of the fatty acids, such as carbon chain length, branching and degree of unsaturation, affect the physiochemical properties of the biodiesel (cetane number (CN), oxidation stability (OS), iodine value (IV), cold flow properties, density and kinematic viscosity). Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles can be used to evaluate the key properties of biodiesel, i.e. the stability of the oil used. The overview presented herein concludes that microdiesel production using non-feed carbon sources and genetically engineered microbes shows much promise.</P>
Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Yoon, Jeong-Jun,Kim, Hyun-Joong,Hong, Ju Won,Gi Hong, Yoon,Song, Hun-Seok,Moon, Yu-Mi,Jeon, Jong-Min,Kim, Yun-Gon,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.257 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Ralstonia eutropha</I> is a well-known microbe reported for polyhydroxyalkonate (PHA) production, and unable to utilize sucrose as carbon source. Two strains, <I>Ralstonia eutropha</I> H16 and <I>Ralstonia eutropha</I> 5119 were co-cultured with sucrose hydrolyzing microbes (<I>Bacillus subtilis</I> and <I>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</I>) for PHA production<I>.</I> Co-culture of <I>B. subtilis:R. eutropha</I> 5119 (BS:RE5) resulted in best PHA production (45% w/w dcw). Optimization of the PHA production process components through response surface resulted in sucrose: NH<SUB>4</SUB>Cl:<I>B. subtilis</I>: <I>R. eutropha</I> (3.0:0.17:0.10:0.190). Along with the hydrolysis of sucrose, <I>B. subtilis</I> also ferments sugars into organic acid (propionic acid), which acts as a precursor for HV monomer unit. Microbial consortia of BS:RE5 when cultured in optimized media led to the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-<I>co</I>-3-hydroxyvalerate) (P(3HB-<I>co</I>-3HV) with 66% w/w of dcw having 16 mol% HV fraction<I>.</I> This co-culture strategy overcomes the need for metabolic engineering of <I>R. eutropha</I> for sucrose utilization, and addition of precursor for copolymer production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Ralstonia eutropha</I> 5119 strain unable to utilize sucrose as carbon source. </LI> <LI> <I>Bacillus subtilis</I> hydrolyze sucrose into free sugars and produce propionic acid. </LI> <LI> <I>Ralstonia eutropha</I> 5119: <I>Bacillus subtilis</I> produce P(3HB-<I>co</I>-3HV) by 66% w/w of dcw. </LI> <LI> Population dynamics study shows both microbes are compatible with each other. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Bioconversion of barley straw lignin into biodiesel using <i>Rhodococcus</i> sp. YHY01
Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Gurav, Ranjit,Choi, Tae-Rim,Han, Yeong Hoon,Park, Ye-Lim,Park, Jun Young,Jung, Hye-Rim,Yang, Soo-Yeon,Song, Hun-Suk,Kim, Sang-Hyoun,Choi, Kwon-Young,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2019 Bioresource technology Vol.289 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Rhodococcus</I> sp. YHY01 was studied to utilize various lignin derived aromatic compounds. It was able to utilize <I>p</I>-coumaric acid, cresol, and 2,6 dimethoxyphenol and resulted in biomass production i.e. 0.38 g dcw/L, 0.25 g dcw/L and 0.1 g dcw/L, and lipid accumulation i.e. 49%, 40%, 30%, respectively. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<SUB>50</SUB>) value for <I>p</I>-coumaric acid (13.4 mM), cresol (7.9 mM), and 2,6 dimethoxyphenol (3.4 mM) was analyzed. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solubilized barley straw lignin fraction was used as a carbon source for <I>Rhodococcus</I> sp. YHY01 and resulted in 0.130 g dcw/L with 39% w/w lipid accumulation. Major fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0) 51.87%, palmitoleic acid (C16:l) 14.90%, and oleic acid (C18:1) 13.76%, respectively. Properties of biodiesel produced from barley straw lignin were as iodine value (IV) 27.25, cetane number (CN) 65.57, cold filter plugging point (CFPP) 14.36, viscosity (υ) 3.81, and density (ρ) 0.86.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Rhodococcus</I> sp. YHY01 can utilize <I>p</I>-coumaric acid > cresol > 2,6 dimethoxyphenol. </LI> <LI> IC<SUB>50</SUB> value was; <I>p</I>-coumaric (13.4 mM), cresol (7.9 mM), 2,6 dimethoxyphenol (3.4 mM) </LI> <LI> Biomass and lipid production in order; <I>p</I>-coumaric acid > cresol > 2,6 dimethoxyphenol. </LI> <LI> Barley lignin led to 39% w/w lipid accumulation in <I>Rhodococcus</I> sp. YHY01. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Wadhwa, Puneet,Hong, Ju Won,Hong, Yoon Gi,Jeon, Jong-Min,Lee, Eui Seok,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES Vol.123 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Naturally produced polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) biopolymers have limited medical applications due to their brittle and hydrophobic nature. In this study poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-<I>co</I>-3-hydroxyvalerate) P(3HB-<I>co</I>-3HV) copolymer was produced using engineered <I>Escherichia coli</I> YJ101, and further functionalized with ascorbic acid using <I>Candida antarctica</I> lipase B mediated esterification. Copolymer P(3HB-<I>co</I>-3HV)-ascorbic acid showed lower degree of crystallinity (9.96%), higher thermal degradation temperature (294.97 °C) and hydrophilicity (68°) as compared to P(3HB-<I>co</I>-3HV). Further, P(3HB-<I>co</I>-3HV)-ascorbic acid biomaterial showed 14% scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), and 1.6 fold increase in biodegradability as compared to P(3HB-<I>co</I>-3HV). Improvement of PHAs polymer properties by adding functional groups could be a good approach to increase their biodegradability, economic value and important applications in the medical field.</P>
Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Kim, Junyoung,Song, Hun-Seok,Kim, Hyun Joong,Jeon, Jong-Min,Sathiyanarayanan, Ganesan,Yoon, Jeong-Jun,Park, Kyungmoon,Kim, Yun-Gon,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier Applied Science 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.233 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effect of various biomass derived inhibitors (i.e. furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), vanillin, 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde (4-HB) and acetate) was investigated for fatty acid accumulation in <I>Rhodococcus</I> sp. YHY 01. <I>Rhodococcus</I> sp. YHY01 was able to utilize acetate, vanillin, and 4-HB for biomass production and fatty acid accumulation. The IC<SUB>50</SUB> value for furfural (3.1mM), HMF (3.2mM), vanillin (2.0mM), 4-HB (2.7mM) and acetate (3.7mM) was calculated. HMF and vanillin affect fatty acid composition and increase saturated fatty acid content. <I>Rhodococcus</I> sp. YHY 01 cultured with empty fruit bunch hydrolysate (EFBH) as the main carbon source resulted in enhanced biomass (20%) and fatty acid productivity (37%), in compression to glucose as a carbon source. Overall, this study showed the beneficial effects of inhibitory molecules on growth and fatty acid production, and support the idea of biomass hydrolysate utilization for biodiesel production by avoiding complex efforts to remove inhibitory compounds.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> <I>Rhodococcus</I> sp. YHY 01 is able to utilize acetate, 4-HB and vanillin as carbon source. </LI> <LI> HMF, 4-HB and vanillin enhance saturated fatty acid content. </LI> <LI> Salt stress increases the content of unsaturated fatty acids. </LI> <LI> Production in EFBH hydrolysate results in 69% fatty acid accumulation. </LI> <LI> EFBH hydrolysate enhanced fatty acid accumulation by 37% in comparison to glucose. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Bhatia, Amita,Gupta, Rahul K.,Bhattacharya, Sati. N.,Choi, H.J. The Korean Society of Rheology 2007 Korea-Australia rheology journal Vol.19 No.3
Biodegradable polymeric blends are expected to be widely used by industry due to their environmental friendliness and comparable mechanical and thermal properties. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) are such biodegradable polymers which aim to replace commodity polymers in future applications. Since cost and brittleness of PLA is quite high, it is not economically feasible to use it alone for day to day use as a packaging material without blending. In this study, blends of PLA and PBS with various compositions were prepared by using a laboratory-scale twin-screw extruder at $180^{\circ}C$. Morphological, thermal, rheological and mechanical properties were investigated on the samples obtained by compression molding to explore suitability of these compositions for packaging applications. Morphology of the blends was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Morphology showed a clear phase difference trend depending on blend composition. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) thermograms of the blends indicated that the glass transition temperature ($T_g$) of PLA did not change much with the addition of PBS, but analysis showed that for PLA/PBS blend of up to 80/20 composition there is partial miscibility between the two polymers. The tensile strength and modulus were measured by the Instron Universal Testing Machine. Tensile strength, modulus and percentage (%) elongation at break of the blends decreased with PBS content. However, tensile strength and modulus values of PLA/PBS blend for up to 80/20 composition nearly follow the mixing rule. Rheological results also show miscibility between the two polymers for PBS composition less than 20% by weight. PBS reduced the brittleness of PLA, thus making it a contender to replace plastics for packaging applications. This work found a partial miscibility between PBS and PLA by investigating thermal, mechanical and morphological properties.
Bhatia, Prateek,Masih, Shet,Varma, Neelam,Bansal, Deepak,Trehan, Amita Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15
Background: Treatment failure in leukemia is due to either pharmacokinetic resistance or cell resistance to drugs. Materials and Methods: Gene expression of multiple drug resistance protein (MDR-1), multidrug resistance-related protein (MRP) and low resistance protein (LRP) was assessed in 45 pediatric ALL cases and 7 healthy controls by real time PCR. The expression was scored as negative, weak, moderate and strong. Results: The male female ratio of cases was 2.75:1 and the mean age was 5.2 years. Some 26/45 (58%) were in standard risk, 17/45(38%) intermediate and 2/45 (4%) in high risk categorie, 42/45 (93%) being B-ALL and recurrent translocations being noted in 5/45 (11.0%). Rapid early response (RER) at day 14 was seen in 37/45 (82.3%) and slow early response (SER) in 8/45 (17.7%) cases. Positive expression of MDR-1, LRP and MRP was noted in 14/45 (31%), 15/45 (33%) and 27/45 (60%) cases and strong expression in 3/14 (21%), 11/27 (40.7%) and 8/15 (53.3%) cases respectively. Dual or more gene positivity was noted in 17/45 (38%) cases. 46.5 % (7/15) of LRP positive cases at day 14 were in RER as compared to 100% (30/30) of LRP negative cases (p<0.05). All 8 (100%) LRP positive cases in SER had strong LRP expression (p=<0.05). Moreover, only 53.3% of LRP positive cases were in haematological remission at day 30 as compared to 100% of LRP negative cases (p=<0.05). Conclusions: Our study indicated that increased LRP expression at diagnosis in pediatric ALL predicts poor response to early treatment and hence can be used as a prognostic marker. However, larger prospective studies with longer follow up are needed, to understand the clinical relevance of drug resistance proteins.
Strong convexity of sandwiched entropies and related optimization problems
Bhatia, Rajendra,Jain, Tanvi,Lim, Yongdo World Scientific Publishing Company 2018 Reviews in mathematical physics Vol.30 No.9
<P>We present several theorems on strict and strong convexity, and higher order differential formulae for sandwiched quasi-relative entropy (a parametrized version of the classical fidelity). These are crucial for establishing global linear convergence of the gradient projection algorithm for optimization problems for these functions. The case of the classical fidelity is of special interest for the multimarginal optimal transport problem (the <TEX>$ n$</TEX>-coupling problem) for Gaussian measures.</P>
High-Mobility Bismuth-based Transparent <i>p</i>-Type Oxide from High-Throughput Material Screening
Bhatia, Amit,Hautier, Geoffroy,Nilgianskul, Tan,Miglio, Anna,Sun, Jingying,Kim, Hyung Joon,Kim, Kee Hoon,Chen, Shuo,Rignanese, Gian-Marco,Gonze, Xavier,Suntivich, Jin American Chemical Society 2016 Chemistry of materials Vol.28 No.1