Activation of Pentose Phosphate Pathway in Escherichia coli for the Co-production of Hydrogen and Ethanol from Glucose

Balaji SUNDARA SEKAR,Eunhee SEOL,Sunghoon PARK 한국생물공학회 2016 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.10

Significant Incidence of Extra-Articular Tibia Vara Affects Radiological Outcome of Total Knee Arthroplasty

( Balaji Saibaba ),( Mandeep S Dhillon ),( Devendra K Chouhan ),( Rajendra K Kanojia ),( Mahesh Prakash ),( Vikas Bachhal ) 대한슬관절학회 2015 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Purpose: To identify and quantify the presence of extra-articular tibia vara that might influence the mechanical axis alignment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods: A total of 48 TKAs in 30 osteoarthritic Indian patients were prospectively evaluated. The hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), joint line convergence angle, and varus angulation at the femur and tibia were measured from the preoperative and postoperative standing hip-to-ankle radiographs. Four different methods were used to measure the varus angulation at the tibia: metaphyseo-diaphyseal angle (MDA), the angle between the anatomical axis and mechanical axis of the tibia, the angle between the proximal third and distal third of tibia and the angle between the proximal half and distal half of tibia. Results: Extra-articular tibia vara quantified using MDA had the most positive correlation with HKA. Receiver operating characteristic plotting showed that MDA of >4o predicts abnormal postoperative HKA. Twenty-eight out of 48 knees had MDA of >4o, and 78.6% of these had postoperative HKA under-correction and 21.4% had less than ideal tibial component position. Conclusions: A significant inherent extra-articular varus angulation best measured using MDA exists in the proximal tibia in osteoarthritic Indian patients undergoing TKA. MDA of >4o is associated with abnormal postoperative HKA. Computer navigation may be useful for achieving ideal correction in such cases.

Sensitivity Analysis of Geometrical Parameters of a Switched Reluctance Motor with Modified Pole Shapes

Balaji, M.,Ramkumar, S.,Kamaraj, V. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2014 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.9 No.1

A major problem in Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) is torque ripple, which causes undesirable acoustic noise and vibration. This work focuses on reducing the undesirable torque ripple in SRM by modifying stator and rotor geometry. This paper presents a comparative study on torque ripple minimization in SRM with modified pole shapes such as stator pole taper, stator pole face with non-uniform air gap and pole shoe attached to rotor pole. Further this paper presents a detailed sensitivity analysis of the effect of different geometrical parameters that alter the pole face shapes on the performance of SRM. The analysis is performed using finite-element method considering average torque and torque ripple as performance parameters. Based on the analysis, a design combining stator pole taper with non-uniform air gap is proposed to improve the torque characteristics of SRM. The dynamic characteristics of the proposed design are simulated and the results show satisfactory reduction in torque ripple.

Azadirachtin, a Novel Biopesticide from Cell Cultures of Azadirachta indica

Balaji Kaveti,Veeresham Ciddi,Srisilam Keshetty,Kokate Chandrakanth The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2003 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.5 No.2

Callus cultures of Azadirachta indica flower petals were established on MS medium supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid (1 mg/L), kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and sucrose $(3\%\;w/v)$. Cell cultures of Azadirachta indica were established and studied the growth and production kinetics. Half 85 medium supplemented with dicamba (2 mg/L), kinetin (1 mg/L) and sucrose $(3\%\;w/v)$ was found to be suitable for initiation and maintenance of cell cultures from the calli. MS medium supplemented with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1 mg/L), kinetin (0.5 mg/L) and sucrose $(3\%\;w/v)$ was found to be suitable as production medium. Around $80\%\;(0.05\%\;w/v)$ of azadirachtin was found to be intracellular. The effect of various precursors, elicitors, permeabilizing agents and growth retardants in cell cultures was studied. The addition of precursors sodium acetate (10 mg/L), squalene (10 mg/L), isopentenyl pyrophosphate (1 mg/L) and geranyl pyrophosphate (1 mg/L) to the cell cultures on day 3 has shown significant increase in bioproduction of azadirachtin $(64.94{\pm}4.40\;mg/L,\;72.81{\pm}0.04\;mg/L,\;51.63{\pm}1.26\;mg/L\;and\;30.70{\pm}0.28\;mg/L\;respectively)$ over the control cultures $(4.70{\pm}0.27 mg/L)$. $5\%$ v/v cell extracts of Fusarium solani has shown moderate increase in the content of azadirachtin $(5.71{\pm}0.34\;mg/L)$ when compared to control cultures $(2.40{\pm}0.56\;mg/L)$. The addition of methyl jasmonate $(500\;{\mu}M/L)$ on day 3 has shown $\~4$ fold improvement in bioproduction of azadirachtln $(6.92{\pm}0.11\;mg/L)$ when compared to control cultures $(1.63{\pm}0.02\;mg/L)$. There was no significant effect of the studied growth retardants and permeabilizing agents on bioproduction of azadirachtin. Cells are cultivated in large volumes using the effective precursors.

The electrochemical oxidation of toluene catalysed by Co(<small>II</small>) in <i>N</i>-butyl-<i>N</i>-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

Balaji, S.,Kannan, K.,Moon, I. S. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.17 No.46

<P>The electrochemical oxidation of toluene in <I>N</I>-butyl-<I>N</I>-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([bmpyr]<SUP>+</SUP>[Ntf<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUP>−</SUP>) was investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic electrolysis in the presence of Co(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) at a Pt disc working electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) investigations revealed that Co(<SMALL>II</SMALL>)–Co(<SMALL>III</SMALL>) oxidation is a diffusion controlled electron transfer process. The diffusion coefficient values of Co(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) were found to increase from 0.38 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP> to 1.9 × 10<SUP>−7</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> as the temperature was increased from 25 °C to 80 °C. The CV peak current for toluene electro-oxidation increased by nearly 7 fold in the presence of Co(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) demonstrating a good catalytic effect. Co(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) catalysed galvanostatic electrolysis of toluene at room temperature has shown that benzaldehyde was formed along with a small quantity of 3-methyl-1-hexanol.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Co(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) catalysed electro-oxidation of toluene in room temperature ionic liquid. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5cp04151a'> </P>

Sputtering Deposition of Aluminium Molybdenum Alloy Thin Film Anodes for Thin Film Microbatteries

Balaji Sivaramakrishnan,Mani Chandran Thirumoolam,Mutharasu Devarajan 대한금속·재료학회 2015 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.11 No.3

Al5Mo thin film anodes for Li-ion batteries were prepared using DC sputtering under different conditions, the latter being specified as deposition at room temperature (S0), deposition at 300°C (S1), and deposition at room temperature followed by thermal annealing at 300°C (S2). The thin films were deposited using an aluminum target tiled with molybdenum discs at a ratio calculated based on the theoretical sputtering yields. The structural and compositional analyses performed with x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the Al5Mo compound formation and the Al/Mo elemental ratio, respectively. The compound formation was observed to be evident only for the thin films subjected to heat treatment during or after deposition. Scanning electron micrographs reveal a higher porosity of approximately 23% for sample S0 and a lower porosity of around 18% for sample S1. The chronopotentiometry results show a higher volumetric specific capacity of approximately 197 mAh/cm3 for sample S1. Capacity increments have been observed for all samples upon charge-discharge cycles, whose values after 25 cycles for samples S0, S1, and S2 were 41.2%, 20.4%, and 21.1%, respectively.

GCD Matrix based PAPR Reduction Technique for OFDM System

Balaji Naik.M,SD Mohiddin Mehata,Bojja Durga Bhavani 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.5

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an efficient method of data transmission for high speed communication systems. One of the challenging issues for OFDM system is its high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) which causes inefficient use of the High Power Amplifier (HPA) and could limit transmission efficiency. In this paper we analyze the effects of PAPR on HPA and its reduction technique based on GCD matrix In Selected Mapping (SLM) method. Simulation results shows that the new phase sequence based SLM method has good performance in PAPR reduction.

Simple and Efficient Procedure for Synthesis of N'-Arylamidines Using Trimethylaluminum

Balaji L. Korbad,이상협 대한화학회 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.4

Prediction of response of reinforced concrete frames exposed to fire

Balaji, Aneesha,Muhamed Luquman, K.,Nagarajanb, Praveen,Pillai, T.M. Madhavan Techno-Press 2016 Advances in computational design Vol.1 No.1

The objective of this work is to study the restraining effect in fire resistance of framed structures and to evaluate the global response of reinforced concrete frames when exposed to fire based on advanced finite element method. To study the response a single portal frame is analyzed. The effect of floor slab on this frame is studied by modeling a beam-column-slab assembly. The evolution of temperature distribution, internal stresses and deformations of the frame subjected to ISO 834 standard fire curve for both the frames are studied. The thermal and structural responses are evaluated and a comparison of results of individual members and entire structure is done. From the study it can be seen that restraining forces has significant influence on both stresses and deflection and overall response of the structure when compared to individual structural member. Among the various structural elements, columns are the critical members in fire and failure of column causes the failure of entire structure. The fire rating of various structural elements of the frame is determined by various failure criteria and is compared with IS456 2000 tabulated fire rating.

Two‑dimensional materials based on negative differential transconductance and negative differential resistance for the application of multi‑valued logic circuit: a review

Balaji Murugan,Sang Yeol Lee 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.1

Devices with negative differential transconductance (NDT) and negative differential resistance (NDR) have shown a strong potential for digital electronics with high information density due to their N-shaped current–voltage (I–V) characteristics leading to multiple threshold voltages ( Vths). The 2D materials, such as graphene, hBN, MoS2, WS2, etc., offer an attractive platform to achieve NDT and NDR because of the absence of dangling bonds on the surface, leading to a high-quality interface between the layers. The 2D materials' unique property of the weak van der Waals (vdW) interactions without dangling bonds on the heterostructure devices shows the way for the applications more than-Moore devices. This review holds a well-timed overview of 2D materials-based devices to develop future multi-valued logic (MVL) circuits exhibiting high information density. Notably, the recent advances in emerging 2D materials are reviewed to support the directions for future research on MVL applications.