Energy-balanced Parameter-adaptable Protocol Design in Cooperative Wireless Sensor Networks

Lu Bai,Lian Zhao,Zaiyi Liao 보안공학연구지원센터 2009 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.4 No.1

The performance of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is adversely affected by the radio irregularity and fading effect. Cooperation is introduced into WSNs and serves as an effective way to combat fading effects. Meanwhile, sensor nodes having heavier burden than others result in the energy imbalance problem which remains harmful to the system lifetime. In this paper, we design a protocol for cooperative WSNs with energy balance consideration. Since the design of WSNs is highly dependent on application scenarios, the effects of system parameters are thoroughly analyzed and a unified criterion is established to choose the proper cooperative scheme. Moreover, energy balance is achieved by adjusting the size of clusters. We classify energy consumption into two groups: inter-cluster energy consumption and intra-cluster energy consumption. Sensor nodes consuming higher energy in inter-cluster data communication form smaller clusters. Thus energy consumption is balanced between intra- and inter-cluster data communication. The proposed energy-balanced parameter-adaptable cooperative protocol (EBPACP) efficiently applies cooperation in cluster-based WSNs and balances energy consumption. A complete protocol design including the cluster formation, cooperative relationship buildup and data transmission are investigated thoroughly in this paper. Simulation results have shown that the proposed EBPACP provides good system performance in terms of energy efficiency and energy balance.

A Flow Analysis Framework for Traffic Video

Bai, Lu-Shuang,Xia, Ying,Lee, Sang-Chul Korea Spatial Information System Society 2009 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지 Vol.11 No.2

The fast progress on multimedia data acquisition technologies has enabled collecting vast amount of videos in real time. Although the amount of information gathered from these videos could be high in terms of quantity and quality, the use of the collected data is very limited typically by human-centric monitoring systems. In this paper, we propose a framework for analyzing long traffic video using series of content-based analyses tools. Our framework suggests a method to integrate theses analyses tools to extract highly informative features specific to a traffic video analysis. Our analytical framework provides (1) re-sampling tools for efficient and precise analysis, (2) foreground extraction methods for unbiased traffic flow analysis, (3) frame property analyses tools using variety of frame characteristics including brightness, entropy, Harris corners, and variance of traffic flow, and (4) a visualization tool that summarizes the entire video sequence and automatically highlight a collection of frames based on some metrics defined by semi-automated or fully automated techniques. Based on the proposed framework, we developed an automated traffic flow analysis system, and in our experiments, we show results from two example traffic videos taken from different monitoring angles.

Predictive Role of GSTs on the Prognosis of Breast Cancer Patients with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Bai, Yun-Lu,Zhou, Bing,Jing, Xiao-Yue,Zhang, Bin,Huo, Xiao-Qing,Ma, Chao,He, Jian-Miao Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.10

Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of GST gene polymorphisms with regard to prognosis of breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 159 patients were included in our study between January 2005 and January 2007. All the patients were followed up until January 2012. Genotyping was based upon the duplex polymerase-chain-reaction with the PCR-CTPP method. Results: Patients with null GSTM1 and GSTP1 Val/Val genotypes had significantly had better response rates to chemotherapy when compared with non-null GSTM1 and GSTP1 Ile/Ile genotypes (OR=1.96 and OR=2.14, respectively). Patients with the GSTM1 null genotype had a longer average survival time and significantly lower risk of death than did those with non-null genotypes (HR=0.66). Similarly, those carrying the GSTP1 Val/Val genotype had 0.54-fold the risk of death of those with GSTP1 Ile/Ile (HR=0.54). Conclusion: A significant association was found between GSTM1 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms and clinical outcomes in breast cancer cases.

Development of the 3.7 GHz LHCD System on HL-2A

B. Lu,M. Huang,H. Zeng,X. Y. Bai,X. H. Mao,Z. H. Lu,J. Liang,Z. H. Kang,M. W. Wang,K. Feng,H. Wang,C. Wang,J. Q. Wang,S. Wei,T. Yao,Y. N. Bu,J. Feng,G. Y. Cheng,S. D. Song,D. H. Xia,J. Rao 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.8

A 2 MW-3.7 GHz lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system is under development for physicsexperiments on the HL-2A device. The RF Power is generated by four TH2103A klystron amplifiersand propagates in the TE10 mode through WR284 waveguides. The transmission lines with a lengthof 20 m to 30 m are pressurized with 2 bars of nitrogen to decrease the possibility of arcing. Thelauncher, based on the passive-active multi-junction (PAM) concept, has been developed and iscurrently being realized. It was designed for a power spectrum peaked at Nk = 2.75 with goodcoupling properties over a wide range of plasma parameters. The four klystrons are fed by ahigh-voltage power supply (HVPS) based on the pulse step modulation (PSM) concept with a fastswitch-off time of less than ten μs. This system is expected to be in operation within 1 years and willexplore many international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) related LH experiments inthe following years.

한중일 외래어 양상 연구

백로 ( Bai Lu ) 한국어교육연구소 2015 한국어교육연구 Vol.11 No.1

외래어는 현대사회에서 적지 않게 쓰이고 있고, 어떤 언어든 자국어화를 거쳐 정착이 되며 일상용어에 빠질 수 없는 것이 되었다. 한중일 삼국이 서로 다른 언어를 가지고 있고 자기 언어만의 특성을 띤 외래어 수용과정을 거쳤으면서도 한자를 공유하고 있는 점에서 비슷한 양상을 가지기도 한다. 본고에서는 동아사아 삼국의 외래어에 대한 개념, 분류, 표기, 수입양상을 살펴보았다. 개념, 분류와 표기는 공시적 관점에서 봤으며, 주로 현대 한중일 언어의 외래어를 다루었다. 수입양상은 통시적 관점에서 검토했고 동아시아에서의 외래어 흐름을 대략적으로 살펴보았다. 한중일 삼국 외래어 양상의 연구를 통해 한자를 공유하고 있는 세 나라의 언어특성 및 근대 동아시아 각 언어의 미세한 변화를 엿볼 수 있다. 또한, 한자로 표기하는 외래어의 차이점과 공통점도 찾아볼 수 있다. Load words are widely used in modern society. Load words of whatever language have experienced localization and many of them have become a necessity in daily life. China, Japan and Korea speak three different languages, the load words of the three countries have their own distinctive characteristics. However, the three languages share a lot of similarities because of common sinoxenic languages. In the article, the author mainly studies the definition, classification and input phenomenon of load words in the three East Asian countries. The definition and classification are discussed from general theory and the input phenomenon is analyzed from the perspective of historical linguistics, studying the developing process to load words in East Asia. According to the study of load words in China, Japan and Korea, we can peer into the language characteristics in the three countries sharing common sinoxenic languages and the language developing process in modern East Asia. In addition, we can also find the similarities and differences of load words labeled in common Chinese characters.

한·중·일 삼국의 ‘的’에 대한 대조 연구

백로(Bai, Lu) 가천대학교 아시아문화연구소 2012 아시아문화연구 Vol.25 No.-

본고는 한·중·일 삼국의 ‘적’에 대해 대조 고찰하고, 이를 바탕으로 공통점과 차이점을 분석하고자 한다. 한자권에 공존하는 한·중·일 삼국인만큼 어휘 면에서 공유하는 것이 많다. 그러면서도 용법이 다른 한자어가 적지 않다. 그러므로 외국어로서 배울 때 헷갈릴 수밖에 없고 어려워하는 원인이 될 수 도 있다. ‘적’은 중국어에서 온 것인데, 일본어에서는 서구어 번역시기를 겪으면서 그 용법이 다양해지고 한국어에서는 일본어의 영향을 받아 그 파생 용법이 더욱 더 발전되었다. 본고는 삼국어에 자주 나타나는 ‘적’을 택해 분석하고 외국어로서 배우는 데 어려움을 줄여 보고자한다. 본고는 한·중·일 ‘적’을 차이점과 공통점 두 부분으로 나누어 분석하고자 하였다. 차이점은 기능, 분포, 결합형, 의미와 제약점 등으로 각각 논의하였고, 공통점은 기능, 선행어기, 결합형의 문법범주, 의미와 공통출현어로 분석해 보았다. 마지막으로 대역문제를 살펴봄으로써 삼국어를 외국어로서 배울 때 직면할 수 있는 문제를 논의하였다. The thesis compares ‘-jeok/de/-teki’ of Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. And the thesis analyzes ‘-jeok/de/-teki’’s differences and similarities of these three countries on the basis of the comparison. Chinese, Japanese and Korean exist in the same Chinese character circle. Thus, the three countries share a lot on vocabulary. At the same time, it is common that characters of same patterns have different meanings and usages. Therefore, it is easy to get mixed-up, and even become extremely hard when Chinese people learn Korean and Japanese, Koreans learn Chinese and Japanese, and Japanese people learn Chinese and Korean. ‘De’ originally comes from Chinese. Its meanings have been enriched after it spreading to Japanese and passing through western language translation period. ‘-jeok’ of Korean is mainly affected by Japanese and its derivatives have developed in the process of its widely using. The thesis analyzes de which appears frequently in the three languages, in order to reduce the difficulties in the learning process.

A Genetically Engineered Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain Possesses Dual Activity Against Phytopathogenic Fungi and Insects

( Wen Wei Lu ),( Wei Qiong Zhang ),( Yan Bai ),( Ying Ying Fu ),( Jun Chen ),( Xiao Lu Geng ),( Yu Jing Wang ),( Ming Xiao ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2010 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.20 No.2

Transcriptional profiling of MED Bemisia tabaci exposed to thermal stress and verification of HSP70 expression

Bai Jing,Liu Xiao‐Na,Lu Ming‐Xing,Du Yu‐Zhou 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.5

Temperature changes impact agricultural production and also influence the behavior and community structure of many insect species. Bemisia tabaci, is an invasive and destructive pest with at least 44 cryptic species and occurring in over 100 countries and regions. In this study, transcriptional profiling was used to evaluate the response of the Mediterranean (MED) cryptic species B. tabaci exposed to cold and hot temperature stress. In response to cold stress, 3,024 unigenes were differentially expressed and mapped to 39 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathways. A total of 4,437 unigenes were differentially expressed during heat stress, and these represented 18 KEGG enrichment pathways. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the relative expression level of the 11 HSP70 fragments; these were significantly up-regulated during high temperature stress relative to the control group that was maintained at 26°C. In conclusion, the transcriptome data indicated that B. tabaci responds to thermal stress via multiple genes and networks. Furthermore, HSP70 plays an important role in stress tolerance of the MED B. tabaci, especially during heat stress.

The Preparation, Fluorescence Mechanism and Applications of High Efficiency Polymer Carbon Dots

Bai YANG,Shoujun ZHU,Siyu LU,Yubin SONG,Xiaohuan ZHAO 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case-control Study with Meta-analysis Combined

Lu, Hong,Chen, Dong,Hu, Li-Ping,Zhou, Lian-Lian,Xu, Hui-Ying,Bai, Yong-Heng,Lin, Xiang-Yang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Molecular epidemiological studies have shown that gene polymorphisms of estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR-${\alpha}$) are associated with breast cancer risk. However, previous results from many molecular studies have been inconsistent. In this study, we examined two polymorphisms (PvuII and XbaI RFLPs) of the ESR-${\alpha}$ gene in 542 breast cancer cases and 1,016 controls from China. Associations between the polymorphisms and breast cancer risk were calculated with an unconditional logistic regression model. Linkage disequilibrium and haplotypes were analyzed with the SHEsis software. In addition, we also performed a systematic meta-analysis of 24 published studies evaluating the association. No significant associations were found between the PvuII polymorphism and breast cancer risk. However, a significantly decreased risk of breast cancer was observed among carriers of the XbaI 'G' allele (age-adjusted OR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.66- 0.97) compared with carriers of the 'A' allele. Haplotype analysis showed significantly decreased cancer risk for carriers of the 'CG' haplotype (OR = 0.79; 95% CI = 0.66- 0.96). In the systematic meta-analysis, the XbaI 'G' allele was associated with an overall significantly decreased risk of breast cancer (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.82- 1.00). In addition, the PvuII 'C' allele showed a 0.96- fold decreased disease risk (95% CI = 0.92- 0.99). In subgroup analysis, an association between the PvuII 'C' and XbaI 'G' alleles and breast cancer risk was significant in Asians ('C' vs. 'T': OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.85- 1.00; 'G' vs. 'A': OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68- 0.98), but not in Euro-Americans. Thus, our results provide evidence that ESR-${\alpha}$ polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to breast cancer. These associations may largely depend on population characteristics and geographic location.