Spatial Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Cases in Kuala Lumpur

Shah, Shamsul Azhar,Neoh, Hui-Min,Syed Abdul Rahim, Syed Sharizman,Azhar, Zahir Izuan,Hassan, Mohd Rohaizat,Safian, Nazarudin,Jamal, Rahman Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3

Background: In Malaysia, data from the Malaysian Health Ministry showed colorectal cancer (CRC) to be the second most common type of cancer in 2007-2009, after breast cancer. The same was apparent after looking at males and females cases separately. In the present study, the Geographic Information System (GIS) was employed to describe the distribution of CRC cases in Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia, according to socio-demographic factors (age, gender, ethnicity and district). Materials and Methods: This retrospective review concerned data for patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the years 1995 to 2011 collected from the Wilayah Persekutuan Health Office, taken from the cancer notification form (NCR-2), and patient medical records from the Surgical Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). A total of 146 cases were analyzed. All the data collected were analysed using ArcGIS version 10.0 and SPSS version 19.0. Results: Patients aged 60 to 69 years accounted for the highest proportion of cases (34.2%) and males slightly predominated 76 (52.1%), Chinese had the highest number of registered cases at 108 (74.0%) and staging revealed most cases in the 3rd and 4th stages. Kernel density analysis showed more cases are concentrated up in the northern area of Petaling and Kuala Lumpur subdistricts. Spatial global pattern analysis by average nearest neighbour resulted in nearest neighbour ratio of 0.75, with Z-score of -5.59, p value of <0.01 and the z-score of -5.59. Spatial autocorrelation (Moran's I) showed clustering significant with p<0.01, Z score 3.14 and Moran's Index of 0.007. When mapping clusters with hotspot analysis (Getis-Ord Gi), hot and cold spots were identified. Hot spot areas fell on the northeast side of KL. Conclusions: This study demonstrated significant spatial patterns of cancer incidence in KL. Knowledge about these spatial patterns can provide useful information to policymakers in the planning of screening of CRC in the targeted population and improvement of healthcare facilities to provide better treatment for CRC patients.

Analytical Modelling of Temperature in Cylindrical Grinding to Predict Grinding Burns

Azhar Thanedar,Ganesh G. Dongre,Suhas S. Joshi 한국정밀공학회 2019 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.20 No.1

The direct measurement of grinding temperature is always difficult due to coolant cover and very size of work and wheel interaction zone. At the same time, high heat generation in grinding often leads to grinding burns thereby affecting surface integrity; in this context, theoretical evaluation of temperature could facilitate early detection of the grinding burns. This paper therefore presents an analytical model to evaluate grinding temperature and correlates it with the occurrence of grinding burns in terms of BNA. In general, the analytical approach involves evaluating real contact length, grinding forces and finally grinding zone temperature for the plunge cylindrical grinding. The maximum rise in grinding temperature at the surface was calculated, for the wet grinding process by considering the total heat flux entering into the grinding system. Model validation experiments have been performed to measure BNA and identify parametric conditions that produce grinding burns. The model estimate of grinding zone temperature of 631 °C is in good agreement (92%) with other research works. Further, when the calculated grinding temperature reaches beyond 631 °C, the grinding burns are observed on the work surface with a BNA value of the order of 100 mp for the micro alloyed steel. The minimum thermal damage in terms of BNA is observed at higher levels of wheel speed and spark-out time and lower levels of depth of cut.

(Book Review) THE HUMANITARIAN EMERGENCY SETTINGS PERCEIVED NEEDS SCALE (HESPER)

AZHAR MANZOOR 한국행정학회 2012 International Review of Public Administration Vol.17 No.2

The Development of Islam in Indonesia

Azhar Arsyad 한국이슬람학회 1994 한국이슬람학회논총 Vol.4 No.1

TOWARD RESILIENCE: A GUIDE TO DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION

AZHAR MANZOOR 한국행정학회 2013 International Review of Public Administration Vol.18 No.3

Prevalence of Smoking among Female Medical Students in Saudai Arabia

Azhar, Ahmad,Alsayed, Nouf Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.9

Background: Women make up half of the world's population, and comprise 20% of the world's one billion smokers. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of smoking among female medical students in comparison to female non-medical students, and to assess the importance of medical education and knowledge in decreasing the prevalence of smoking among female university students in Saudi Arabia. Method: We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect cross-sectional data from a randomly selected sample of 320 female students attending King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah. Medical students comprised 50% of the sample. Results: A total of 310 students (96.9%) completed and returned the questionnaire. The prevalence of smoking was higher in non-medical female students (4.2%) compared to medical female students (0.32%) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of smoking is low among female medical students compared to female non-medical students, presumably because of their awareness, level of education, and knowledge of the risks to health associated with smoking. Our study highlights the need for increased knowledge, health education, and awareness of the risks of smoking to reduce smoking among female university students.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a case of situs inversus totalis

Azhar Alam,Abhijit Santra 한국간담췌외과학회 2017 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.21 No.2

Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital condition, characterized by the transposition of the thoracic and abdominal viscera, resulting in a mirror image of normal anatomy. Even though situs inversus does not predispose to gall stones, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, in a case of situs inversus, can prove to be a technically challenging procedure, especially for the right-handed surgeon. In this case report, we present an unusual case of cholelithiasis in a patient with situs inversus totalis. A laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which is considered the gold standard procedure for symptomatic gallstones, was performed. The technical challenges that were anticipated due to anatomical anomalies were managed by various preoperative and intraoperative modifications. Through this present case report, we concluded that a laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a feasible and safe procedure in patients with situs inversus totalis and can be precisely performed by a right-handed surgeon, with necessary adaptations.

Predictors of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use by Breast Cancer Patients in Bandung, Indonesia

Azhar, Yohana,Achmad, Dimyati,Lukman, Kiki,Hilmanto, Dany,Aryandono, Teguh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Background: The study aimed to assess complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and their associated factors with breast cancer patients in Bandung, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: In total, 330 breast cancer patients were administered questionnaires on their CAM use and CAM predictive factors including socio-demographic parameters, clinical data and quality of life, trust in physicians, trust in hospitals, satisfaction and informational needs. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and multivariate log regreesion analysis. Results: Overall 33.3% of patients reported use of CAM. Lower income, lower education, presence of metastasis, prolonged diagnosis, less trust in physician were found to be highly associated with CAM use. Conclusions: CAM use by breast cancer patients can be interpreted as an attempt to explore all possible options, an expression of an active coping style, or expression of unmet needs in the cancer care continuum. Physicians need to openly discuss the use of CAM with their patients and identify whether they have other unmet supportive needs.

A bench-top catalyst: BF3SiO2-assisted synthesis, biological assay, and computational simulations of azacholestanes

Azhar U. Khan,Mahboob Alam,이동웅 한국응용생명화학회 2016 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.59 No.1

A series of steroidal N-20-hydroxy ethenyl-7aaza- B-homo-5a-cholestane-7-one and its analogs were prepared by the reaction of steroidal a,b-unsaturated ketone with 2-azidoethanol in the presence of BF3 . SiO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst in good yields. The structure of the compounds have been established by elemental and spectral data analyses. In vitro evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was reported. The activity of compound 6 was further evaluated based on structural and molecular modeling and docking studies. Moreover, the structure–biological activity relationship was investigated using physicochemical and molecular descriptors with the WebMO job manager employing semi-empirical PM3, basic level method, and molinspiration tools, respectively.

Exploration of four new Kanchuria sp. of earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from the North Eastern Region of India using DNA barcoding approach

Azhar Rashid Lone,Nalini Tiwari,Samrendra Singh Thakur,Oren Pearlson,Tomáš Pavlíček,Shweta Yadav 국립중앙과학관 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.13 No.2

The present investigation was carried out on the earthworms collected from the reserve forests ofMeghalaya, which is a part of the North Eastern Region of India, a hot spot of biodiversity to assessdiverse earthworms. We adopted integrative approaches involving morphoanatomical taxonomy andcytochrome oxidase 1 sequences using DNA barcoding technique to discriminate different species ofKanchuria genus. The exploration revealed the presence of six Kanchuria species among which four arenew: Kanchuria daribokgrensis sp nov, Kanchuria karorensis sp nov, Kanchuria makhulensis sp nov, andKanchuria mohiskulensis sp nov. Moreover, the species of Kanchuri turaensis and Kanchuri octotheca wereadditionally identified. The maximum intraspecific and minimum interspecific divergence of six Kanchuriaspecies recorded were 6.11% and 14.85%, respectively. The neighbor-joining tree was constructedusing the K2P substitution model, and species discovery was achieved by Automatic Barcode Gap Discoveryand Barcode Index Number analysis. The study presented the detailed descriptions and illustrationsof six species including four new species of Kanchuria supplemented with their DNA barcodesfrom Meghalaya (North Eastern Region) to facilitate future species identification.