Aberrant DNA Double-strand Break Repair Threads in Breast Carcinoma: Orchestrating Genomic Insult Survival

Azad Kumar,Shruti Purohit,Nilesh Kumar Sharma 대한암예방학회 2016 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.21 No.4

Breast carcinoma is a heterogeneous disease that has exhibited rapid resistance to treatment in the last decade. Depending genotype and phenotype of breast cancer, there are discernible differences in DNA repair protein responses including DNA double strand break repair. It is a fact that different molecular sub-types of breast carcinoma activate these dedicated protein pathways in a distinct manner. The DNA double-strand damage repair machinery is manipulated by breast carcinoma to selectively repair the damage or insults inflicted by the genotoxic effects of chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The two DNA double-strand break repair pathways employed by breast carcinoma are homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining. In recent decades, therapeutic interventions targeting one or more factors involved in repairing DNA double-strand breaks inflicted by chemo/radiation therapy have been widely studied. Herein, this review paper summarizes the recent evidence and ongoing clinical trials citing potential therapeutic combinatorial interventions targeting DNA double-strand break repair pathways in breast carcinoma.

Qualitative and Quantitative Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery, Magnetization Transfer Spin Echo, and Fat-Saturation T1-Weighted Sequences in Infectious Meningitis

Rajiv Azad,Mohit Tayal,Sheenam Azad,Garima Sharma,Rajendra Kumar Srivastava 대한영상의학회 2017 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.18 No.6

Objective: To compare the contrast-enhanced fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (CE-FLAIR), the CE T1-weighted (CE-T1W) sequence with fat suppression (FS) and magnetization transfer (MT) for early detection and characterization of infectious meningitis. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients and 10 control subjects were evaluated with the CE-FLAIR and the CE-T1W sequences with FS and MT. Qualitative assessment was done by two observers for presence and grading of abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement. Quantitative assessment included computation of net meningeal enhancement, using single pixel signal intensity software. A newly devised FLAIR based scoring system, based on certain imaging features including ventricular dilatation, ependymal enhancement, infarcts and subdural effusions was used to indicate the etiology. Data were analysed using the Student’s t test, Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the intraclass correlation coefficient, one way analysis of variance, and Fisher's exact test with Bonferroni correction as the post hoc test. Results: The CE-FLAIR sequence demonstrated a better sensitivity (100%), diagnostic accuracy (95%), and a stronger correlation with the cerebrospinal fluid, total leukocyte count (r = 0.75), protein (r = 0.77), adenosine deaminase (r = 0.81) and blood glucose (r = -0.6) values compared to the CE-T1W sequences. Qualitative grades and quantitative meningeal enhancement on the CE-FLAIR sequence were also significantly greater than those on the other sequences. The FLAIR based scoring system yielded a diagnostic accuracy of 91.6% and a sensitivity of 96%. A strong inverse Pearson’s correlation (r = -0.95) was found between the assigned score and patient’s Glasgow Coma Scale at the time of admission. Conclusion: The CE-FLAIR sequence is better suited for evaluating infectious meningitis and could be included as a part of the routine MR imaging protocol.

Defense Inducer Compounds Up-regulated the Peroxidase, Polyphenol Oxidase, and Total Phenol Activities against Spot Blotch Disease of Wheat

Puja Kumari,Chandrashekhar Azad,Ravi Ranjan Kumar,Jyoti Kumari,Kumar Aditya,Amarendra Kumar 한국식물병리학회 2023 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.39 No.2

Spot blotch disease of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem is considered as an economically important disease which affects all the growing stages of wheat crop. Therefore, it is important to search some effective management strategies against the spot blotch pathogen. Some synthetic elicitor compounds (salicylic acid, isonicotinic acid, and chitosan) and nano-particles (silver and aluminum) were tested against the pathogen to observe the change in biochemical activity and defense action of wheat plant against spot blotch disease. All the tested elicitor compounds and nano-particles showed a significant increase in activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and total phenol over control. The highest increase in activity of peroxidase was recorded at 72 h from chitosan at 2 mM and 96 h from silver nano-particle at 100 ppm. Maximum PPO and total phenol activity were recorded from chitosan at 2 mM and silver nano-particle at 100 ppm as compared to pathogen-treated and healthy control. The lowest percent disease index, lowest no. of spots/leaf, and no. of infected leaves/plant were found in silver nano-particle at 100 ppm and chitosan at 2 mM, respectively. The use of defense inducer compounds results in significantly up-regulated enzymatic activity and reduced spot blotch disease. Therefore, chitosan and silver nanoparticle could be used as alternative methods for the management of spot blotch disease.

Atmospheric Turbulence Degraded Image Restoration Using Back Propagation Neural Network

Azad Singh,Rajeev Kumar Singh 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.12

Atmospheric blur is the distortion of image due to long time exposure, fog, wind speed and due to randomly change in refractive index of air through which light travels. Atmospheric blur also occur through non-uniform geometric deformation of image. In this article, we propose a method for restoring atmospheric degraded image using artificial neural network. In proposed methodology use multilayer feed-forward network which trained by error back propagation algorithm and randomly initialize weights of network. This technique provides better result to restore atmospheric blur image and also in the presence of noise.

Toxicity profile of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. fruits extract in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats

Abul Kalam Azad,Wan Mohd Azizi Wan Sulaiman,Sukalyan Kumar Kundu 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.3

The fruits of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) have long been used as a traditional Malay medicinal herb for hundreds of years. To determine the toxicity of the mesocarp and pericarp of ethanol extract of PM (EEPM). In this study, 6–8 weeks of adult healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats between 180 and 220 g, were used. The Group I was received 10 % normal saline and Group II, III, IV and V were treated with EEPM orally to each rat (n = 6) on daily basis at 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/ kg 28 consecutive days. Animals body weight showed normal growth from 189.76 ± 2.33 and 189.86 ± 1.01 g to 227 ± 3.06 and 225 ± 2.07 g. Biochemical aspects of treated animals’ indicated serum values of (creatinine 0.46 ± 0.033, phosphorous 5 ± 0.46, HDL 31.31 ± 1.48, LDL 30.66 ± 0.37, Cholesterol 68.23 ± 1.28 and AST 63.08 ± 2.65, ALT 22.05 ± 0.68 and ALP 79.16 ± 0.82) which is similar with the control group. Histological observation showed no necrosis, abnormalities and inflammation in both control and EEPM treated groups. Findings suggests; the fruits are non-toxic when applied to SD rats. In this way, it may also serve as a good alternative in the present armamentarium of traditional medicine without showing its any side effects.

Nanomaterial Enhanced Polyelectrolyte Membranes for Hydrogen-Oxygen Fuel Cells

Abdul Kalam Azad,Lakshmi Unnikrishnan,Smita Mohanty,Sanjay Kumar Nayak 한국고분자학회 2021 폴리머 Vol.45 No.1

The solid electrolyte membrane for a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell was prepared and investigated from the potential of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) embedded together with montmorillonite (MMT). Acid hydrophilized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and MMT with varying sulfonation levels of 25-70% prepared through solvent casting were investigated for their performance. The nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra at 7.5 ppm affirmed the occurrence of sulfonation reaction, and its degree was studied by both 1H NMR and titration method. The reaction time was varied to achieve sulfonation levels from 25 to 70%. The effect of incorporation of pristine and sulfonated MMT into SPEEK was examined. The membranes, prepared using solvent casting technique, were involved for water uptake over the wide range of temperature, thermal stability, and proton conductivity measurements. The cross-sectional surface arrangement of the membrane and clay dispersion was deliberated using SEM. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) single cell’s tests revealed that sulfonated PEEK membrane demonstrated service performance comparable to that of Nafion, as validated using MATLAB software.

Use of RAPD Analysis to Determine Genetic Diversity and Relationships among Bougainvillea Cultivars at Intra- and Inter-Specific Levels

Jolly Chatterjee,Abul Kalam Azad Mandal,Debasis Chakrabarty,Subodh Kumar Datta 한국원예학회 2007 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.48 No.1

This study was aimed at determining the genetic relationships among the most important Bougainvillea cultivars grown at the National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technology. Fifty random decamer primers were screened and ten were selected for final RAPD analysis. Each primer produced a unique set of amplification products ranging in size from 300 to 2500 bp. The number of bands for each primer varied from 10 in P2 to 18 in P10. These ten primers used in this analysis yielded 167 scorable bands with an average of 11.3 bands per primer. Of the 167 fragments scored from these primers, 26 were monomorphic and 141 were polymorphic (84.4%). The generated similarity matrix showed that the genetic diversity within the tested genotypes was high (average similarity index = 30.1%). Similarity values among the studied genotypes ranged between 6 to 89%. The resulting dendrogram divided the cultivars into two main clusters. The first contained 37 cultivars and was divided into two subclusters at a similarity value of 0.03 with 21 and 16 cultivars in each subcluster, respectively. Subcluster Ⅰ included those cultivars which had affinity with Buttiana group. Subcluster Ⅱ contained cultivars of both Spectabilis and Peruviana groups. The second major cluster contained 55 cultivars, contain species of Glabra group and cultivars whose origin are not well recorded. The similarity data obtained in this study agree to some extent (at least for the Buttiana group) with the previous classification of the tested genotypes. The information obtained from this work may be useful for better management, identification of accessions and also in avoiding duplications or mislabeling of the genotypes studied.

Intravarietal Variation of Miniature Chrysanthemum Cultivars Using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA

Jolly Chatterjee,Abul Kalam Azad Mandal,Sirish Anand Ranade,Subodh Kumar Datta 한국원예학회 2006 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.47 No.4

Genetic diversity was estimated of 24 miniature chrysanthemum cultivars at intravarietal level first time using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. A total of 50 random 10-mer primers have been screened of which 13 gave good amplification products. Bands amplified by these 13 selected primers ranged from 5 to 13 in number and 300 bp to 2.239 kb in molecular weight. RAPD marker showed 43-85% similarity among the cultivars. Cluster analysis was done by the Neighbor Joining Tree method which showed two major groups. Cluster 1 consisted of five cultivars, whereas cluster 2 consisted of 19 cultivars. Cluster 2 have two subclusters, one consisted of ten cultivars and the other of nine cultivars. The results provide important information for the identification and estimation of genetic diversity of chrysanthemum cultivars.

Metabolic Responses of Tea ($Camellia$ sp.) to Exogenous Application of Ascorbic Acid

Murugan, Amarchand Chordia,Thomas, Jibu,Rajagopal, Raj Kumar,Mandal, Abul Kalam Azad 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.1

Effects of exogenous application of ascorbic acid on physiological and metabolic changes in tea were investigated in the present study. The highest improvement in yield was evident in response to regular application (a day after every harvest) of ascorbic acid at 600 ppm followed by 400 ppm. Foliar application of ascorbic acid (600 ppm) at regular intervals enhanced chlorophyll a and b contents besides a significant increase in total polyphenols and catechins when compared to the untreated control. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid at alternate harvesting rounds increased the activity of polyphenol oxidase whereas ascorbate peroxidase remained unchanged. An increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity was noticed with foliar application of ascorbic acid irrespective of its concentrations. Theaflavins and thearubigins of made tea showed an increase when ascorbic acid was applied with 400 and 600 ppm at alternate intervals. The scores of brewed tea liquor characteristics, viz. infusion, color, strength, and briskness were higher even at the lower concentration of ascorbic acid treatment. Results suggest that foliar application of ascorbic acid (400 ppm) proved to be a useful measure to improve the yield, physiological attributes, and antioxidant properties of tea.

Metabolic Responses of Tea (Camellia sp.) to Exogenous Application of Ascorbic Acid

Amarchand Chordia Murugan,Jibu Thomas,Raj Kumar Rajagopal,AbulKalam Azad Mandal 한국작물학회 2012 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.15 No.1

Effects of exogenous application of ascorbic acid on physiological and metabolic changes in tea were investigated in the present study. The highest improvement in yield was evident in response to regular application (a day after every harvest) of ascorbic acid at 600 ppm followed by 400 ppm. Foliar application of ascorbic acid (600 ppm) at regular intervals enhanced chlorophyll a and b con-tents besides a significant increase in total polyphenols and catechins when compared to the untreated control. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid at alternate harvesting rounds increased the activity of polyphenol oxidase whereas ascorbate peroxidase remained unchanged. An increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity was noticed with foliar application of ascorbic acid irrespective of its concentrations. Theaflavins and thearubigins of made tea showed an increase when ascorbic acid was applied with 400 and 600ppm at alternate intervals. The scores of brewed tea liquor characteristics, viz. infusion, color, strength, and briskness were higher even at the lower concentration of ascorbic acid treatment. Results suggest that foliar application of ascorbic acid (400 ppm) proved to be a useful measure to improve the yield, physiological attributes, and antioxidant properties of tea.