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Fernandez-Ayala, Daniel J.M.,Sanz, Alberto,Vartiainen, Suvi,Kemppainen, Kia K.,Babusiak, Marek,Mustalahti, Eero,Costa, Rodolfo,Tuomela, Tea,Zeviani, Massimo,Chung, Jongkyeong,O'Dell, Kevin M.C.,Rustin Elsevier 2009 Cell metabolism Vol.9 No.5
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Defects in mitochondrial OXPHOS are associated with diverse and mostly intractable human disorders. The single-subunit alternative oxidase (AOX) found in many eukaryotes, but not in arthropods or vertebrates, offers a potential bypass of the OXPHOS cytochrome chain under conditions of pathological OXPHOS inhibition. We have engineered <I>Ciona intestinalis</I> AOX for conditional expression in <I>Drosophila melanogaster.</I> Ubiquitous AOX expression produced no detrimental phenotype in wild-type flies. However, mitochondrial suspensions from AOX-expressing flies exhibited a significant cyanide-resistant substrate oxidation, and the flies were partially resistant to both cyanide and antimycin. AOX expression was able to complement the semilethality of partial knockdown of both <I>cyclope</I> (COXVIc) and the complex IV assembly factor <I>Surf1</I>. It also rescued the locomotor defect and excess mitochondrial ROS production of flies mutated in <I>dj-1</I>β, a <I>Drosophila</I> homolog of the human Parkinson's disease gene <I>DJ1</I>. AOX appears to offer promise as a wide-spectrum therapeutic tool in OXPHOS disorders.</P>
Alexis Ayala-Nino,Gabriela M. Rodrı´guez-Serrano,Ruben Jime´nez-Alvarado,Mirandeli Bautista-Avila,Jose´ A. Sa´nchez-Franco,Luis G. Gonza´lez-Olivares,Alberto Cepeda-Saez 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.10
Fermentation has shown to be an effective technique in bioactive peptides release. That is why in this study antihypertensive, antithrombotic, and antioxidant activity was evaluated during amaranth proteins fermentation with Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Streptococcus thermophilus 54102 in mono and combined culture. During fermentation an increase of free amine groups was observed, and no statistical differences among monocultures were shown, getting higher concentration in combined culture. This was related to antihypertensive and antioxidant activities, where the highest values were also found in the combined process (45% of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, and 168 μmol Trolox equivalents per liter [TE/L] for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 268 μmol TE/L for 2,2′-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and 381 μmol Fe2E/L for ferric reducing ability of plasma). On the contrary, antithrombotic activity was not related to free amine groups during fermentation, having the highest bioactivity in different moments in each experiment. L. casei Shirota and S. thermophilus 54102 are strains that are able to release bioactive peptides from amaranth protein, although amaranth is not a common matrix for the development of lactic acid bacteria. In addition, in this study it was observed for the first time that lactic acid strains are able to release bioactive peptides from amaranth protein. In addition, this methodology could be part for the development of fermented beverages, different from fermented milk, to diversify matrix to obtain a novel functional food.
Growth performance and health of nursing lambs supplemented with inulin and Lactobacillus casei
Marco A Ayala-Monter,David Hernandez-Sanchez,Sergio Gonzalez-Munoz,Rene Pinto-Ruiz,Jose A Martinez-Aispuro,Nicolas Torres-Salado,Jeronimo Herrera-Perez,Adrian Gloria-Trujillo 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.8
Objective: This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of Agave tequilana inulin and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) on growth performace, hematological variables, serum metabolites, and total coliforms in nursing lambs. Methods: The experimental design was completely randomized; treatments were T1, control (pre-starter concentrate, PC), T2: T1+2% inulin, and T3: T1+2% inulin+L. casei; treatments were compared with Tukey test (p≤0.05); and 45 new born Kathadin×Dorset lambs (4.8±0.8 kg birth weight) were the experimental units (15 per treatment). The variables were daily weight gain (DWG), dry matter intake and diarrheas incidence (%) during 56 d. Twenty-four hours after birth and at the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected to evaluate hematological variables and serum metabolites. Besides, the populations of total coliforms and lactobacilli were estimated in fecal samples. Results: Addition of agave inulin and L. casei increased (p≤0.05) DWG 356, 384, and 415 g/d, weaning weight 24.92, 26.18, and 28.07 kg, as well as lactobacilli population 5.79, 6.32, and 6.48 Log10 cfu/g, for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Lambs fed L. casei had decreased (p≤0.05) populations of total coliforms (T1 = 6.18, T2 = 5.77, and T3 = 5.07 Log10 cfu/g), diarrheas incidence (T1 = 11.67%, T2 = 8.33%, and T3 = 5.0%), and serum cholesterol concentration (11% in T2 and 13% in T3, compared to control). Conclusion: The combination of Agave tequilana inulin and L. casei increases weight gain and improves intestinal health by reducing coliforms and diarrheas incidence in Katahdin× Dorset lambs during the pre-weaning period.
Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Regeneration and Immunomodulation
Ana Patricia Ayala-Cuellar,강지훈,정의배,최경철 한국응용약물학회 2019 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.27 No.1
Mesenchymal stem cells are classified as multipotent stem cells, due to their capability to transdifferentiate into various lineages that develop from mesoderm. Their popular appeal as cell-based therapy was initially based on the idea of their ability to restore tissue because of their differentiation potential in vitro; however, the lack of evidence of their differentiation to target cells in vivo led researchers to focus on their secreted trophic factors and their role as potential powerhouses on regulation of factors under different immunological environments and recover homeostasis. To date there are more than 800 clinical trials on humans related to MSCs as therapy, not to mention that in animals is actively being applied as therapeutic resource, though it has not been officially approved as one. But just as how results from clinical trials are important, so is to reveal the biological mechanisms involved on how these cells exert their healing properties to further enhance the application of MSCs on potential patients. In this review, we describe characteristics of MSCs, evaluate their benefits as tissue regenerative therapy and combination therapy, as well as their immunological properties, activation of MSCs that dictate their secreted factors, interactions with other immune cells, such as T cells and possible mechanisms and pathways involved in these interactions.