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( Ashok Badigannavar ),( Ashok Kumar ),( G. Girish ),( T. R. Ganapathi ) 한국육종학회 2017 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.5 No.2
Sorghum is a major staple crop and vital for the marginal farmers in Asian and African countries. Landraces or germplasm lines adapted to biotic and abiotic stresses are the prime source of adaptive traits in the crop breeding programs. In order to assess the genetic variability, 141 exotic germplasm lines and 36 popular varieties were evaluated for eight agro-morphological traits. Wide range of values were observed for grain yield (6.6-124.4 g/plant), seed index (1.5-7.1 g/100 seeds), panicle length (8-44 cm) and panicle width (7.25 cm). High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was observed for grain yield per plant. The values of broad sense heritability in the sorghum core population ranged from 0.75 to 0.99. Seed weight, days to flowering, panicle width and leaf area were significantly correlated with grain yield (P ≤ 0.01). Seed weight was positively correlated with panicle width (correlation coefficient 0.31), while negatively correlated with panicle length (correlation coefficient -0.15). Cluster analysis resolved all the genotypes into four major clusters. Among germplasm lines, TSG-313 had high seed weight of 7.05 g/100 seeds, while TSG-325 had highest grain yield of 124.4 g/plant as against control variety. Germplasm lines with high heritability scores would help us to utilise them in recombination breeding.
Cell death in culture: Molecular mechanisms, detections, and inhibition strategies
Anandrao Ashok Patil,Sachin Ashok Bhor,Won Jong Rhee 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.91 No.-
Mammalian cell cultures are widely used in the biopharmaceutical industry to produce monoclonalantibodies, vaccines, growth factors, etc. Cell death is an essential biological process for physiologicalgrowth and development, but it is a major problem in biopharmaceutical production in bio-industry. Celldeath within bioreactor occurs due to various intracellular and extracellular stresses. These stressesnegatively affect the culture longevity, overall product quality, and yield. Among all cell death types,apoptosis accounts for most of the cellular death in the bioreactor. The implementation and developmentof various strategies to prevent the cellular death are crucial for robust bioprocess development. Celldeath during culture can be prevented or inhibited by supplementing media with specific chemicals,synthetic inhibitors, and genetic cell engineering approaches. In this review, we classified and describeddifferent types of cell death and their molecular mechanisms and summarized the cell death inhibitionapproaches implemented to inhibit cell death for various applications.
Ashok Karuppannasamy,Bhargava Chikmagalur Nagaraja,Prasad Babu Karakatti,Rohan Wishard,Manamohan Malligopal,Rai Anil,Sanjay Kumar Pradhan,Parvathy Madhusoodanan Sujatha,Kennedy John Samuel,Asokan Rama 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.1
Overuse of synthetic chemicals over a long period of time has not only resulted in control failures but also enormous ecological damage. This necessitates developing eco-friendly, effective alternatives for sustainable pest management. In this regard, potential of CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing to introduce site specific mu tations that mostly resulting in loss of function has been successfully demonstrated in wide varieties of organisms including insects. This has opened a new avenue to design and implement futuristic pest management strategies like precision guided sterile insect technique (pgSIT) for an area wide suppression. This requires validation of target genes employing Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex containing sgRNA and Cas9 protein before under taking transgenesis for achieving pgSIT. In the present study, we have for the first time, supporting CRISPR/Cas9 mediated editing of the eye colour gene, Tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase of the eggplant shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis using RNP complex. The mutant moths of both sexes exhibited reddish brown eyed phenotype. Having established an RNP mediated editing system in L. orbonalis, the key genes involved in sex determination and spermatogenesis will be validated for developing a pgSIT system for L. orbonalis.
Ashok M. Sajjan,H.G. Premakshi,Mahadevappa Y. Kariduraganavar,Y. Kariduraganavar 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.25 No.-
Glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) grafted chitosan (CS) membranes were prepared by the solution casting technique. The chemical composition and morphological characteristics of the prepared GTMAC/CS membranes were investigated by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of grafting and feed composition on pervaporation performance of the membranes were systematically studied. The membrane containing 40 mass% of GTMAC exhibited the highest separation selectivity of 2133 with a flux of 6.91 102 kg/m2 h at 30 8C for 10 mass% of water in the feed. The total flux and flux of water are almost overlapping each other, manifesting that these membranes could be used effectively to break the azeotropic point of water–isopropanol mixture. From the temperature dependent diffusion and permeation values, the Arrhenius activation parameters were estimated. The activation energy values obtained for water permeation (Epw) are significantly lower than those of isopropanol permeation (EpIPA), suggesting that the grafted membranes developed here have higher separation ability for water- isopropanol system. The positive heat of sorption (DHs) values was obtained for all the grafted membranes, suggesting that the Henry’s mode of sorption is predominant.
WEARABLE TECHNOLOGIES, SUSTAINABILITY AND LUXURY BRANDS: THE CASE OF VACHERON CONSTANTIN
Ashok SOM 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07
The Swiss watchmaker Vacheron Constantin, based in the watchmaking industry’s capital, Geneva, was founded in 1755 by Jean-Marc Vacheron and continued its development ever since. Vacheron Constantin produced and distributed high-end watches for luxury-attached customers. Their vocation was to offer unique, sentimental watches, designed by master-watchmakers and in the famous Swiss tradition of watchmaking. The firm attached the highest importance to the satisfaction of its customers on both aesthetics and precision, with a price-range which started in 2017 around fifteen thousand dollars and went up to several millions. Since its creation, the company was called a monument of the watchmaking industry and this led the Richemont Group to acquire the company, which was established in more than 400 points of sale scattered in 80 countries, in 1996. In 2017, Vacheron Constantin offered six different collections, after more than 250 years of activity. This research case discusses the implementation of Vacheron Constantin in the competitive watchmaking industry in Switzerland and in the world through (a) a large heritage of technical know-how, recognized worldwide for its extreme precision, (b) a 250-year old relationship with its customer-base and a loyalty developed through the particularities of the brand and (c) several innovations in sustainability for the firm that justified its reputation as one of the best watchmakers of history.
Effect of Oxidative Stress on Male Reproduction
Ashok Agarwal,Gurpriya Virk,Chloe Ong,Stefan S du Plessis 대한남성과학회 2014 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.32 No.1
Infertility affects approximately 15% of couples trying to conceive, and a male factor contributes to roughly half of these cases. Oxidative stress (OS) has been identified as one of the many mediators of male infertility by causing sperm dysfunction. OS is a state related to increased cellular damage triggered by oxygen and oxygen-derived free radicals known as reactive oxygen species (ROS). During this process, augmented production of ROS overwhelms the body’s antioxidant defenses. While small amounts of ROS are required for normal sperm functioning, disproportionate levels can negatively impact the quality of spermatozoa and impair their overall fertilizing capacity. OS has been identified as an area of great attention because ROS and their metabolites can attack DNA, lipids, and proteins; alter enzymatic systems; produce irreparable alterations; cause cell death; and ultimately, lead to a decline in the semen parameters associated with male infertility. This review highlights the mechanisms of ROS production, the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ROS in relation to the male reproductive system, and recent advances in diagnostic methods; it also explores the benefits of using antioxidants in a clinical setting.
Immobilization of Xylanase Using a Protein-Inorganic Hybrid System
( Ashok Kumar ),( Sanjay K. S. Patel ),( Bharat Mardan ),( Raviteja Pagolu ),( Rowina Lestari ),( Seong-hoon Jeong ),( Taedoo Kim ),( Jung Rim Haw ),( Sang-yong Kim ),( In-won Kim ),( Jung-kul Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2018 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.28 No.4
In this study, the immobilization of xylanase using a protein-inorganic hybrid nanoflower system was assessed to improve the enzyme properties. The synthesis of hybrid xylanase nanoflowers was very effective at 4°C for 72 h, using 0.25 mg/ml protein, and efficient immobilization of xylanase was observed, with a maximum encapsulation yield and relative activity of 78.5% and 148%, respectively. Immobilized xylanase showed high residual activity at broad pH and temperature ranges. Using birchwood xylan as a substrate, the V<sub>max</sub> and K<sub>m</sub> values of xylanase nanoflowers were 1.60 mg/ml and 455 μmol/min/mg protein, compared with 1.42 mg/ml and 300 μmol/min/mg protein, respectively, for the free enzyme. After 5 and 10 cycles of reuse, the xylanase nanoflowers retained 87.5% and 75.8% residual activity, respectively. These results demonstrate that xylanase immobilization using a proteininorganic hybrid nanoflower system is an effective approach for its potential biotechnological applications.