http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
The Regional Effects of Monetary Policy in Europe
Arnold, Ivo J.M. 세종대학교 국제경제연구소 2001 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.16 No.3
Since the inception of EMU, a common concern is that European monetary policy may have differential effects on EMU member countries. However, the reliance on cross-country evidence in the empirical literature risks overemphasizing the importance of cross-country differences in monetary transmission. This paper therefore takes a regional approach. Data from 58 European regions show significant cross-regional differences in the effects of monetary policy within the five largest EU countries. For all regions combined, I find a significant relationship between the impact of monetary policy and the industrial composition of regions, supporting earlier findings for the US. I conclude that at present the large European countries are regionally well-diversified enough to minimize the risk that ECB policy will produce a markedly different impact across countries.
Arnold R. Salvacion,Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog,Pompe C. Sta. Cruz,Ronaldo B. Saludes,Ireneo B. Pangga,Christian Joseph R. Cumagun 대한공간정보학회 2018 Spatial Information Research Vol.26 No.5
This study assessed spatial pattern of trends in monthly rainfall and temperature in the Philippines using Climate Research Unit time series data. Based on the results, there are significant trends in monthly rainfall and temperature in the country. On the average, monthly rainfall in the country is increasing by 0.34 mm/year. In the case of monthly temperature, the average increases per year were 0.008 and 0.019 C, for maximum and minimum temperature, respectively. In terms of proportion, larger portion of the country showed significant trends in monthly temperature ([80%) compared to rainfall (\10%). Shift in wettest, driest, warmest, and coldest months were also observed between the periods of 1951–1980 to 1986–2015.
Italo-Maltese Relations (ca. 1150 -1936); People, Culture, Literature, Language
( Arnold Cassola ) 부산외국어대학교 지중해지역원 2012 The Mediterranean Review Vol.5 No.1
During the Middle Ages, politically Malta forms part of the administration in Sicily, with the effective capital of Malta being Palermo. Rebel communities of Italians are exiled to Malta, whilst rebel residents of Malta are exiled to Italy. With the arrival of the Knights of St. John and the adoption of the Tuscan variant of Italian as the language of the administration, the contacts with mainland Italy increase: in the course of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries we not only have the Maltese intelligentsia producing literary compositions in Italian but we also find an influx of Italian artists and architects flocking to Malta and influencing the tastes and the training of the Maltese. In the eighteenth century we encounter the first grammars and dictionaries of the Maltese language. The nineteenth century witnesses the presence in Malta of the Italian Risorgimento exiles who spread the ideals of nationalism and romanticism amongst Maltese writers, politicians and intellectuals. However, the ascent of fascism in Italy in 1922 leads to the elimination of Italian as an official language of Malta in 1936, whilst Italy`s declaration of war on Malta in 1940 puts a definitive seal on Italo-Maltese cultural relations, at least for the time being.
Banana suitability and Fusarium wilt distribution in the Philippines under climate change
Arnold R. Salvacion,Christian Joseph R. Cumagun,Ireneo B. Pangga,Damasa B. Magcale-Macandog,Pompe C. Sta. Cruz,Ronaldo B. Saludes,Tamie C. Solpot,Edna A. Aguilar 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.3
Climate change is expected to affect crop production directly and indirectly due to changes in crop suitability, decrease in productivity, and higher incidence of pest and diseases. In the case of banana, change in suitability and distribution of Fusarium wilt due to climate change can pose a major threat on its production system. Being a major dollar earner for the Philippines, these threats can greatly affect the country’s economic and food production system. This study assessed banana suitability and the potential distribution of Fusarium wilt in the Philippines under current and future climate condition using fuzzy logic and maximum entropy approach. Based on the results, climate change might have limited impact on banana suitability in the country. But the projected changes in rainfall in the future can increase the areas that are favorable for Fusarium wilt occurrence. From 21% under baseline climate condition, favorable areas for Fusarium wilt in the Philippines is estimated to increase to 27% covering 91.2% and 28.5% of the country’s highly and moderately suitable areas for banana, respectively. Such coverage accounts for approximately 67% of the country’s total harvested area for banana.
Recent Studies on Bioactive Alkaloids, Ⅱ
Arnold Brossi 한국생약학회 1989 생약학회지 Vol.20 No.2
We are now able to explain the classical synthesis of the Cactus alkaloid anhalinine by Spa¨th: mescaline and formaldehyde form a crystalline trimer which with acid in non-aqueous medium is smoothly transformed into anhalinine. In another study it was found that simple isoquinolines lacking aromatic substituents are inhibitors of MAO B. Aromatic oxygenated congeners inhibit MAO A, but much less so than beta-carbolines or beta carboline- anhydronium bases. The R-isomers of salsoline, salsolidine, salsolinol and carnegine were found to inhibit the enzyme better than the S-enantiomers. A practical synthesis of optically active α-hydroxybenzylisoquinolines of the erythroseries has been achieved, and absolute configur ations were established. In our work on compounds related to colchicine it was found that thio analogs of naturalcolchicinoids represented by thiocolchicine, thiocornigerine, thiodemecolcine and 2- and 3-demethylthiodemecolcine were more potent antitumor compounds than their oxygen isosters. Reaction of thiocolchicine with Lawesson`s reagent affords 9-thiodeoxothiocolchicine, a useful intermediate for the preparation of 9-thiodeoxo analogs of colchicinoids. High in vitro potency in assays measuring the inhibition of tubulin polymerization and the bindings of radiolabled colchicine to tubulin is manifested by carbonate esters and carbamates of the 3- demethylthiocolchicine series. Antitubulin activity of desaminocolchinol methyl ether prepared both, from colchicine and by total synthesis, shows the compound to be an excellent model for further studies of the interaction of colchicinoids with tubulin. Details of these investigations will be discussed. 1) The first of this series of lectures was given on August 29, 1988, in Strasbourg, France, at the 24th Rencontres Internationalse de la Socie'te' The'rapeutique de France.