Comparison of Multiple Sets and Progressive Single Set of Resistance Training on Muscle Mass and Strength in Rat

( Aram Yoon ),( Jun Young Hong ),( Soon-mi Choi ),( Dong Woo Hahn ),( Ki Jeong Kim ),( Suk Ho Lee ) 한국운동생리학회 2015 운동과학 Vol.24 No.3

PURPOSE: The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of different resistance protocols on muscle mass and function in rats. METHODS: Thirty two Sprague-Dawley female rats, 8 weeks of age, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 in each group): control (CON), resistance training 1 (RT1; 6 to 8 reps/1 set, every 3rd day), resistance training 2 (RT2; 5 reps/3 sets, every other day), resistance training 3 (RT3; 5 reps/3 sets, twice a day, every 3rd day). Ladder climbing was used as the resistance training method. RESULTS: Muscle mass and cross sectional area (CSA) of flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) were increased in all resistance training groups (p<.05). Grip strength was significantly increased in RT3 group (p<.05). Peak twitch tension (Pt) was increased in RT1 and RT3 group, while peak tetanic tension (Po) was increased only in RT3 group (p<.05). There was no change of total protein concentration after training, however, myofibrillar protein contents were significantly increased in FHL and ECR muscles in all training groups. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that different resistance training protocol effectively induced the muscle hypertrophy by increasing myofibrillar protein contents. RT1, a low volume progressive single set resistance training protocol, is as effective as traditional high volume multi sets training protocol (RT2 and RT3) for increasing muscle strength in animal model.

The Effects of Residence on the Eating and Exercise Habits of College Freshmen in US

( Aram Yoon ),( Kijeong Kim ),( Sukho Lee ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2014 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.26 No.1

College freshmen usually face much stress and drastic environmental changes. These may influence health-related habits of college students. The purpose of this study was to compare and investigate the effect of residence on the levels of physical activity, diet patterns, and health-related habits between college freshmen who live on and off-campus. College freshmen (N = 71) participated in this study. Body weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were measured. The level of physical activity was monitored and dietary patterns were analysed. Exercise, smoking, and drinking habits were surveyed. Physical activity was significantly higher for students living on-campus than for students living off-campus for both male and female. Calorie intake, monosaturated fat intake, and the frequency of alcoholic consumption were significantly higher for females living on-campus, while consumption of vitamins C and E were significantly lower for females living on-campus compared to their off-campus counterparts. We concluded that physical activity can be affected by where they live for both genders. Drinking habits and dietary patterns can be affected by their residence, especially for female students. Therefore, where college students live can be an important factor in impacting their health-related lifestyle

Imaging of renal and prostate carcinoma with refractive index radiology

Yoon, Cheol Yong,Sung, Duck Je,Lee, Ju Han,Kim, Ae Ri,Oh, Chil Whan,Je, Jung Ho,Weon, Byung Mook,Seol, Seung Kwon,Pyun, Aram,Hwu, Yeukuang,Margaritondo, Giorgio,Joo, Kwan Joong,Yoon, Duck Ki THE JAPANESE UROLOGICAL ASSOCIATION 2007 International Journal of Urology Vol. No.

<P><B>Aim: </B> Having better edge enhancement and penetrating power, refractive index radiology is suitable for the imaging of weakly absorbing objects such as tissue specimens. In this study the potential of refractive index radiology was evaluated for the imaging of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and prostate cancer (PCA).</P><P><B>Methods: </B> Specimens were cut in 3 mm and 4 µm thickness for X‐ray radiology and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, respectively. Radiographic images of RCC and PCA were obtained using the synchrotron hard X‐rays from the 7B2 beam‐line of the Pohang Light Source (PLS). The imaging technique applied was phase‐contrast radiology based on the refraction enhancement mechanism. The resulting radiographic images were analyzed in correlation with those of optical microscopy.</P><P><B>Results: </B> Using unmonochromatized hard X‐rays, it was possible to obtain images with clear edge enhancement and relatively large field of view (6 cm × 6 cm). Even with overlapping signals from thick samples (more than 700‐fold thicker than microscopic images), radiographic images clearly showed histological information of organelles in normal kidney such as glomeruli, tubules, and collecting ducts. Histological information of RCC including tumor subtypes and minute changes such as cystic degeneration could be identified without difficulty. The radiographic images of the prostate were comparable with those of low magnification optical microscopy, providing good visualization of normal microstructures such as adenoma, smooth muscle, and normal glands, or differentiation of tiny tumors from surrounding normal tissues.</P><P><B>Conclusions: </B> These results suggest the potential of refractive index radiology to provide a new way of imaging biological tissues with low absorption contrast such as RCC and PCA.</P>

Synthesis and Properties of Two Dimensional Doped Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

Yoon, Aram,Lee, Zonghoon Korean Society of Microscopy 2017 Applied microscopy Vol.47 No.1

Since graphene was discovered in 2004, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been actively studied. Especially, 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), such as $MoS_2$ and $WS_2$, have been the subject of significant research because of their exceptional optical, electrical, magnetic, catalytic, and morphological properties. Therefore, these materials are expected to be used in a variety of applications. Furthermore, tuning the properties of TMDs is essential to improve their performance and expand their applications. This review classifies the various doping methods of 2D TMDs, and it summarizes how the dopants interact with the materials and how the performance of the materials improves depending on the synthesis methods and the species of the dopants.

등속성 최대근력, 최대근력 발현각도 및 발현시간과 기초체력과의 상관관계

윤아람(Yoon, Aram),박경신(Park, Kyung-shin),이광우(Lee, Kwangwoo) 한국코칭능력개발원 2014 코칭능력개발지 Vol.16 No.1

Mechanical Properties and Comparisons of Cerclage Wires of Various Diameters in Different Knot Methods

Aram Jang,Jieyoo Kim,Ji-Hun Park,Eunchae Yoon,Dongbin Lee,이재훈 한국임상수의학회 2022 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.39 No.4

The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties of 0.6 and 0.8 mm cerclage wires with the 1.0 mm cerclage wire in the twist, single-loop, double-loop, double-wrap, and loop/twist knot methods. Six stainless steel cerclage wires of various diameters in different knot methods were tied round a customized jig mounted on a load testing machine. The initial tension, initial stiffness, and yield load were evaluated. The failure mode of each cerclage was observed. For each wire size, the double-loop, double-wrap, and loop/twist knots showed significantly greater initial stiffness, and yield load than those seen with twist and single-loop knots. The single-loop knot showed the least initial stiffness regardless of the diameter. As the cerclage wire diameter increased, the cerclage tended to show significantly greater initial stiffness, and yield load. Failure modes varied depending on the knot configurations. Single-loop knots of smaller-diameter wires less than 1 mm had similar or lower initial tension, initial stiffness, and yield load than a twist knot. Owing to the variance in mechanical properties, the clinical application of the knot type should depend on the diameter of the cerclage wire.

A case of de novo 18p deletion syndrome with panhypopituitarism

Aram Yang,Jinsup Kim,Sung Yoon Cho,Ji-Eun Lee,Hee-Jin Kim,Dong-Kyu Jin 대한소아내분비학회 2019 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.24 No.1

Deletion on the short arm of chromosome 18 is a rare disorder characterized by intellectual disability, growth retardation, and craniofacial malformations (such as prominent ears, microcephaly, ptosis, and a round face). The phenotypic spectrum is wide, encompassing a range of abnormalities from minor congenital malformations to holoprosencephaly. We present a case of a 2-year-old girl with ptosis, a round face, broad neck with low posterior hairline, short stature, and panhypopituitarism. She underwent ventilation tube insertion for recurrent otitis media with effusion. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed an ectopic posterior pituitary gland and a shallow, small sella turcica with poor visualization of the pituitary stalk. Cytogenetic and chromosomal microarray analysis revealed a de novo deletion on the short arm of chromosome 18 (arr 18p11.32p11.21[136,227–15,099,116]x1). She has been treated with recombinant human growth hormone (GH) therapy since the age of 6 months after diagnosis of GH deficiency. Her growth rate has improved without any side effects from the GH treatment. This case expands the phenotypic spectrum of 18p deletion syndrome and emphasizes the positive impact of GH therapy on linear growth in this syndrome characterized by growth deficiency. Further studies are required to define the genotype-phenotype correlation according to size and loci of the deletion in 18p deletion syndrome and to predict prognosis.

Sputum processing method for rapid diagnosis of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

( Aram Kang ),( Woonsung Na ),( Minjoo Yeom ),( Hyekwon Kim ),( Sun-woo Yoon ),( Heejun Yook ),( Dae-gwin Jeong ),( Daesub Song ) 대한인수공통전염병학회 2017 창립총회 및 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1

Introduction: Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a member of the family of betacoronavirus, was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. MERS-CoV has ability to cross the host species from camel to human causing severe acute respiratory illnesses, and spread by contact in human population. For diagnosis of MERS-CoV in camels, the immunochromatographic assay (ICA) has been used due to its rapid decision and prompt triage of infected animal for the early quarantine. However, when the ICA is applied to an expectorated sputum in which antigens are present, the viscosity of sputum interferes with the migration of the antigens on the test strip. To overcome this limitation, it is necessary to use a mucolytic agent without affecting the antigens. In this study, we have developed a sputum pre-treatment method by testing specimens of the sputa spiked with alphacorona virus and MERS-CoV. Methods: Two mucolytic agents were used: Tris(2-carboxyethyl) Phosphine (TCEP) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NALC) and prepared at various concentration to treat with sputum. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a blocking agent and protease inhibitor cocktail (PI) was used to inhibit the cleavage of the antigens. After treating the compound to sputum, the mixture was applied to colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic test strip for rapid detection of MERS-CoV or alpha coronavirus (BIONOTE Inc., South Korea). The intensities of colloidal gold were measured by MEDISENSOR Gold reader (SD BIOSENSOR Ltd., South Korea). Results: Intensity of test line was higher when the sputa spiked with alpha coronavirus was processed with TCEP, BSA and PI than with TCEP alone. In the case of the sputa spiked with inactivated MERS-CoV, mixture of TCEP and BSA presented higher intensities, while it decreased in the addition of PI. This was reproduced when compound of NALC and BSA was treated to the specimens. Conclusion: In this study, we demonstrated that mixture of the mucolytics, blocking agent and protease inhibitor together effectively dissolve the viscosity of sputum minimizing the effect on antigens, which is more suitable for use in flow immunochromatographic test kit than when sputum or mucolytics alone were used.

Birth seasonality in Korean Prader-Willi syndrome with chromosome 15 microdeletion

Aram Yang,Yeon Hee Lee,Soon Young Nam,Yu Ju Jeong,Ye-Chan Kyung,Rimm Huh,Jieun Lee,Younghee Kwun,Sung-Yoon Cho,진동규 대한소아내분비학회 2015 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.20 No.1

Purpose: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a well-known genetic disorder, and microdeletion on chromosome 15 is the most common causal mechanism. Several previous studies have suggested that various environmental factors might be related to the pathogenesis of microdeletion in PWS. In this study, we investigated birth seasonality in Korean PWS. Methods: A total of 211 PWS patients born from 1980 to 2014 were diagnosed by methylation polymerase chain reaction at Samsung Medical Center. Of the 211 patients, 138 were born from 2000–2013. Among them, the 74 patients of a deletion group and the 22 patients of a maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) group were compared with general populations born from 2000 using the Walter and Elwood method and cosinor analysis. Results: There was no statistical significance in seasonal variation in births of the total 211 patients with PWS (χ2=7.2522, P=0.2982). However, a significant difference was found in the monthly variation between PWS with the deletion group and the at-risk general population (P<0.05). In the cosinor model, the peak month of birth for PWS patients in the deletion group was January, while the nadir occurred in July, with statistical significance (amplitude=0.23, phase=1.2, low point=7.2). The UPD group showed the peak birth month in spring; however, this result was not statistically significant (χ2=3.39, P=0.1836). Conclusion: Correlation with birth seasonality was identified in a deletion group of Korean PWS patients. Further studies are required to identify the mechanism related to seasonal effects of environmental factors on microdeletion on chromosome 15.

A Review of Recent Research in Treatment Approaches of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS)

Yang, Aram,Kim, Jinsup,Cho, Sung Yoon,Jin, Dong-Kyu Association for Research of MPS and Rare Diseases 2017 Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare disease Vol.3 No.2

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is caused by accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans in all tissues due to decreased activity of the lysosomal enzyme. Patients exhibit multisystemic signs and symptoms in a chronic and progressive manner, especially with changes in the skeleton, cardiopulmonary system, central nervous system, cornea, skin, liver, and spleen. In the past, treatment of MPS was limited to enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). The outcome for affected patients improved with the introduction of new technologies as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, relegated to specific situations after ERT became available. Intrathecal ERT may be considered in situations of high neurosurgical risk but still it is experimental in humans. New insights on the pathophysiology of MPS disorders are leading to alternative therapeutic approaches, as gene therapy, inflammatory response modulators and substrate reduction therapy. In this paper, we will highlight the recent novel treatment and clinical trials for MPS and discuss with the goal of fostering an understanding of this field.