‘오타쿠 현상’과 전후 일본 사회의 변화 -오타쿠론과 내셔널리즘의 부상을 중심으로

장진호 ( Jang¸ Jinho ) 고려대학교 역사연구소 2022 사총 Vol.105 No.-

‘오타쿠’는 미디어 문화 혹은 서브컬처를 매개로 규정된 주체로서, 이와 관련된 현상은 일본에서 유래하지만 현재 국내와 아시아 각국에서만이 아니라 글로벌한 범위에서 등장한 현상이 되어왔으며, 최근에는 보다 진지한 학술적 연구의 대상이 되고 있다. 오타쿠란 만화, 애니메이션, 게임, PC, SF, 특수촬영(특촬), 피규어, 그 밖에 서로 깊이 연관된 일군의 서브컬처에 탐닉하는 사람들의 총칭으로 정의된다. 일본에서 전후 오타쿠 현상에 대한 다양한 논의들이 있어왔는데 대표적 논자들의 입장으로는 1) 오타쿠 변호론/진화론, 2) 비판적 오타쿠론, 3) 정치사/사상사적 오타쿠론, 4) 포스트모던 오타쿠 분석/ 데이터베이스 소비론, 5) 오타쿠 섹슈얼리티의 정신분석, 6) 오타쿠 공간의 분석 등을 들 수 있다. 전후 오타쿠계 문화 혹은 서브컬처는 전후 일본인들의 ‘이중 망각’ 즉 전시 경험에 대한 망각과 망각 사실 자체에 대한 망각에 균열을 내고 은유적으로 상기시키는 기능을 해왔다. 전후 ‘이상의 시대’(1945-70년), ‘허구의 시대’(1970-95년), 그리고 특히 ‘불가능의 시대’(1995-현재)를 거치며, 이와 같은 오타쿠 서브컬처의 기능은 현재 은유에서 이탈해 보다 직접적으로 보수적인 내셔널리즘이라는 현실로 도피하는 측면이 강화되고 있다. Otaku are subjects whose definition has been made through media culture or subculture. Otaku-related phenomena originated from Japan, but the phenomena now have been regional and even global ones, becoming the subject of serious academic researches. Otaku are the name of people who are engaged in various hobby-related activites, and those hobbies include manga, anime, videogame, personal computer, sci-fi, SFX film, figure and so on. Until recently, there have been key researchers and theorists engaging in studies of otaku and otaku-related phenomena in Japan. Their views can be summarized as follows: 1) otaku-defending/evolutionary view, 2) critical otaku research, 3) intellectual-history approach, 4) postmodern view/database-consumption theory, 5) psycho-analysis of otaku sexuality, 6) otaku -space analysis. Post-WWII otaku subculture has functioned as a metaphorical reminder of history for Japanese people who have lived with ‘double forgetting’, which means forgetting not only wartime experiences, but also the fact that they have forgotten those experiences. Having functioned as such during the periods of ideal(1945-70), fiction(1970-95), and impossibility (1995-present) in postwar Japanese history, otaku subculture now seems to be going toward the terrain of reality of conservative nationalism with a less metaphorical face than before.

Design of KAO Near Infrared Camera System on the SOAO 0.6m Telescope

Jin Ho,Park Soojong,Yuk In-Soo,Lee Sungho,Moon Bongkon,Han Jeong-Yeol,Seon Kwag-Il,Kang Jina,Kong Kyung-Nam,Nam Wook-Won,Lee Dae-Hee 한국우주과학회 2004 한국우주과학회보 Vol.13 No.2

Effects of Direct Solvent-Quantum Dot Interaction on the Optical Properties of Colloidal Monolayer WS₂ Quantum Dots

Jin, Ho,Baek, Bongkwan,Kim, Doyun,Wu, Fanglue,Batteas, James D.,Cheon, Jinwoo,Son, Dong Hee American Chemical Society 2017 NANO LETTERS Vol.17 No.12

<P>Because of the absence of native dangling bonds on the surface of the layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), the surface of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) of TMDCs is exposed directly to the solvent environment. Therefore, the optical and electronic properties of TMDCS QDs are expected to have stronger influence from the solvent than usual surface-passivated QDs due to more direct solvent-QD interaction. Study of such solvent effect has been difficult in colloidal QDs of TMDC due to the large spectroscopic heterogeneity resulting from the heterogeneity of the lateral size or (and) thickness in ensemble. Here, we developed a new synthesis procedure producing the highly uniform colloidal monolayer WS2 QDs exhibiting well-defined photoluminescence (PL) spectrum free from ensemble heterogeneity. Using these newly synthesized monolayer WS2, QDs, we observed the strong influence of the aromatic solvents on the PL energy and intensity of monolayer WS2, QD beyond the simple dielectric screening effect, which is considered to result from the direct electronic interaction between the valence band of the QDs and molecular orbital of the solvent. We also observed the large effect of stacking/separation equilibrium on the PL spectrum dictated by the balance between inter QD and QD-solvent interactions. The new capability to probe the effect of the solvent molecules on the optical properties of colloidal TMDC QDs will be valuable for their applications in various liquid surrounding environments.</P>

Layer‐by‐Layer‐Assembled Quantum Dot Multilayer Sensitizers: How the Number of Layers Affects the Photovoltaic Properties of One‐Dimensional ZnO Nanowire Electrodes

Jin, Ho,Choi, Sukyung,Lim, Sang‐,Hoon,Rhee, Shi‐,Woo,Lee, Hyo Joong,Kim, Sungjee WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2014 ChemPhysChem Vol.15 No.1

<P><B>Layer cake:</B> Multilayered CdSe quantum dot (QD) sensitizers are layer‐by‐layer assembled onto ZnO nanowires by making use of electrostatic interactions to study the effect of the layer number on the photovoltaic properties. The photovoltaic performance of QD‐sensitized solar cells critically depends on this number as a result of the balance between light‐harvesting efficiency and carrier‐recombination probability.</P>

Strong polyelectrolyte quantum dot surface for stable bioconjugation and layer-by-layer assembly applications

Jin, Ho,Nam, Jutaek,Park, Joonhyuck,Jung, Sungho,Im, Kyuhyun,Hur, Jaehyun,Park, Jong-Jin,Kim, Jong-Min,Kim, Sungjee Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Chemical communications Vol.47 No.6

<P>A series of quantum dot (QD) ligands are reported that can make strong polyelectrolyte QD surfaces with sulfonates or quaternary ammoniums, which can endow QDs with excellent colloidal stability independent of the pH and ionic strength, minimal hydrodynamic size, and can be exploited to achieve stable and flexible bioconjugations and layer-by-layer assembly.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Strong polyelectrolyte quantum dot surface ligands with sulfonates or quaternary ammoniums are reported that can provide excellent colloidal stability, minimal hydrodynamic size, and applicability to stable and flexible bioconjugations and layer-by-layer assembly. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cc04524a'> </P>

Preparation of MultilayeredCdSe Quantum Dot Sensitizersby Electrostatic Layer-by-Layer Assembly and a Series of Post-treatmentstoward Efficient Quantum Dot-Sensitized Mesoporous TiO₂ Solar Cells

Jin, Ho,Choi, Sukyung,Velu, Ranganathan,Kim, Sungjee,Lee, Hyo Joong American ChemicalSociety 2012 Langmuir Vol.28 No.12

<P>A multilayer of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) was preparedon the mesoporoussurface of a nanoparticulate TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film by a layer-by-layer(LBL) assembly using the electrostatic interaction of the oppositelycharged QD surface for application as a sensitizer in QD-sensitizedTiO<SUB>2</SUB> solar cells. To maximize the absorption of incidentlight and the generation of excitons by CdSe QDs within a fixed thicknessof TiO<SUB>2</SUB> film, the experimental conditions of QD depositionwere optimized by controlling the concentration of salt added intothe QD-dissolved solutions and repeating the LBL deposition a fewtimes. A proper concentration of salt was found to be critical inproviding a deep penetration of QDs into the mesopore, thus leadingto a dense and uniform distribution throughout the whole TiO<SUB>2</SUB> matrix while anchoring the oppositely charged QDs alternately ina controllable way. A series of post-treatments with (1) CdCl<SUB>2</SUB>, (2) thermal annealing, and (3) ZnS-coating was found tobe very critical in improving the overall photovoltaic properties,presumably through a better connection between QDs, effective passivationof QD’s surface, and a high impedance of recombination, whichwere proved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemicalimpedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiments. With a proper post-treatmentof multilayered QDs as a sensitizer, the overall power conversionefficiency in the CdSe QD-sensitized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> solar cells couldreach 1.9% under standard illumination condition of simulated AM 1.5G(100 mW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/langd5/2012/langd5.2012.28.issue-12/la202892h/production/images/medium/la-2011-02892h_0007.gif'></P>

TXNIP potentiates Redd1-induced mTOR suppression through stabilization of Redd1

Jin, H-O,Seo, S-K,Kim, Y-S,Woo, S-H,Lee, K-H,Yi, J-Y,Lee, S-J,Choe, T-B,Lee, J-H,An, S,Hong, S-I,Park, I-C Macmillan Publishers Limited 2011 Oncogene Vol.30 No.35

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved serine–threonine kinase activated in response to growth factors and nutrients. Because of frequent dysregulation of the mTOR signaling pathway in diverse human cancers, this kinase is a key therapeutic target. Redd1 is a negative regulator of mTOR, mediating dissociation of 14-3-3 from tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)2, which allows formation of a TSC–TSC2 complex. In the present study, we identify TXNIP that inhibits mTOR activity by binding to and stabilizing Redd1 protein. Redd1 and TXNIP expression was induced by a synthetic glucose analog, 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). Moreover, Redd1 expression in response to 2-DG was regulated by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Overexpression of TXNIP was associated with reduced mTOR activity mediated by an increase in Redd1 level, whereas knockdown of TXNIP using small interfering RNA resulted in recovery of mTOR activity via downregulation of Redd1 during treatment with 2-DG. Interestingly, Redd1 was additionally stabilized via interactions with N-terminal-truncated TXNIP, leading to suppression of mTOR activity. Our results collectively demonstrate that TXNIP stabilizes Redd1 protein induced by ATF4 in response to 2-DG, resulting in potentiation of mTOR suppression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify TXNIP as a novel member of the mTOR upstream that acts as a negative regulator in response to stress signals.

Colloidal Single-Layer Quantum Dots with Lateral Confinement Effects on 2D Exciton

Jin, Ho,Ahn, Minji,Jeong, Sohee,Han, Jae Hyo,Yoo, Dongwon,Son, Dong Hee,Cheon, Jinwoo American Chemical Society 2016 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.138 No.40

<P>Controlled lateral quantum confinement in single-layer transition-metal chalcogenides (TMCs) can potentially combine the unique properties of two-dimensional (2D) exciton with the size-tunability of exciton energy, creating the single-layer quantum dots (SQDs) of 2D TMC materials. However, exploring such opportunities has been challenging due to the limited ability to produce well-defined SQDs with sufficiently high quality and size control, in conjunction with the commonly observed inconsistency in the optical properties. Here, we report an effective method to synthesize high-quality and size-controlled SQDs of WSe2 via multilayer quantum dots (MQDs) precursors, which enables grasping a clear picture of the role of lateral confinement on the optical properties of the 2D exciton. From the single-particle optical spectra and polarization anisotropy of WSe2 SQDs of varying sizes in addition to their ensemble data, we reveal how the properties of 2D exciton in single-layer TMCs evolve with increasing lateral quantum confinement.</P>

Sustained overexpression of Redd1 leads to Akt activation involved in cell survival

Jin, H.O.,Hong, S.E.,Kim, J.H.,Choi, H.N.,Kim, K.,An, S.,Choe, T.B.,Hwang, C.S.,Lee, J.H.,Kim, J.I.,Kim, H.A.,Kim, E.K.,Noh, W.C.,Hong, Y.J.,Hong, S.I.,Lee, J.K.,Park, I.C. Elsevier Science Ireland 2013 Cancer letters Vol.336 No.2

Herein, we show that the constitutive overexpression of Redd1, a negative regulator of mTORC1, induces Akt activation in lung cancer cells. Akt phosphorylation was reduced to basal levels by Rictor siRNA, suggesting the involvement of mTORC2 in this process. Perifosine and PP242, selective inhibitors of Akt and mTORC½, respectively, efficiently suppressed the Akt phosphorylation that was induced by the sustained overexpression of Redd1 and increased the sensitivity of the cells to cisplatin. Therefore, the sustained overexpression of Redd1 leads to mTORC1 inhibition and to consequent Akt activation that is involved in cell survival. This finding highlights the importance of Akt activation as a therapeutic target to overcome resistance to chemotherapy.

터널 상태평가 단위길이에 따른 결함지수의 변화

추진호 ( Choo¸ Jin-ho ),임대웅 ( Lim¸ Dae-woong ),김승진 ( Kim¸ Seung-jin ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2020 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.24 No.2

터널의 상태평가는 균열, 누수, 재질열화 등의 결함을 일정한 단위길이 내에서 발생빈도로 평가하고 있으나 최근 정밀안전 점검의 일부 결과에서 터널 세부지침을 준수하고 있지 않아 상대적으로 결함지수를 낮게 관리되고 있음이 확인되었다. 본 논문은 이러한 임의적인 단위길이 사용에 따른 상태평가 지수변화를 확인하기 위해 c등급 균열에 대한 발생빈도, 조사연장에 따른 분석을 실시하였다. 30m 기준을 점검/진단실시가자 변경하는 경우 연장에 따른 계수적용을 제안하였으며 향후 균열 이외의 결함 및 기존 점검/진단에서 분석되는 실제자료를 근거한 추가적인 요인을 고려한 영향계수의 적용이 필요할 것이다.