Using Ant Colony Optimization to Find the Best Precautionary Measures Framework for Controlling COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia

Alshamrani, Raghad,Alharbi, Manal H. International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.10

In this paper, we study the relationship between infection rates of covid 19 and the precautionary measures and strict protocols taken by Saudi Arabia to combat the spread of the coronavirus disease and minimize the number of infected people. Based on the infection rates and the timetable of precautionary measures, the best framework of precautionary measures was identified by applying the traveling salesman problem (TSP) that relies on ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms. The proposed algorithm was applied to daily infected cases data in Saudi Arabia during three periods of precautionary measures: partial curfew, whole curfew, and gatherings penalties. The results showed the partial curfew and the whole curfew for some cities have the minimum total cases over other precautionary measures. The gatherings penalties had no real effect in reducing infected cases as the other two precautionary measures. Therefore, in future similar circumstances, we recommend first applying the partial curfew and the whole curfew for some cities, and not considering the gatherings penalties as an effective precautionary measure. We also recommend re-study the application of the grouping penalty, to identify the reasons behind the lack of its effectiveness in reducing the number of infected cases.

IP camera security: "Security Eyes"

Alshamrani, Sultan S International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.2

With the rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) applications and devices, there are still defects in safety and privacy. Current researches indicate that there are weak security mechanisms to protect these devices. Humans use the Internet of Things to control and connect their devices with the Internet. Using the Internet of things has been increased over time. Therefore, capture of sensitive user data has increased intentionally or not [1]. The IP Camera is a type of (IOT) devices. Therefore, in this paper we aim to create a "Security Eyes" application that protects IP Cameras from security attacks according to certain security mechanisms (increasing the strength of encryption and filling the usual security holes in IP cameras … etc) and alerts the user when the live broadcast is interrupted or an error occurs.

Continuous Human Activity Detection Using Multiple Smart Wearable Devices in IoT Environments

Alshamrani, Adel International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.2

Recent improvements on the quality, fidelity and availability of biometric data have led to effective human physical activity detection (HPAD) in real time which adds significant value to applications such as human behavior identification, healthcare monitoring, and user authentication. Current approaches usually use machine-learning techniques for human physical activity recognition based on the data collected from wearable accelerometer sensor from a single wearable smart device on the user. However, collecting data from a single wearable smart device may not provide the complete user activity data as it is usually attached to only single part of the user's body. In addition, in case of the absence of the single sensor, then no data can be collected. Hence, in this paper, a continuous HPAD will be presented to effectively perform user activity detection with mobile service infrastructure using multiple wearable smart devices, namely smartphone and smartwatch placed in various locations on user's body for more accurate HPAD. A case study on a comprehensive dataset of classified human physical activities with our HAPD approach shows substantial improvement in HPAD accuracy.

Estimation of parameters including a quadratic failure rate semi-Markov reliability model

El-Gohary, A.,Alshamrani, A. The Korean Reliability Society 2011 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.12 No.1

This paper discusses the stochastic analysis and the statistical inference of a quadratic failure rate semi-Markov reliability model. Maximum likelihood procedure will be used to obtain the estimators of the parameters included in this reliability model. Based on the assumption that the lifetime and repair time of the system units are random variables with quadratic failure rate, the reliability function of this system is obtained. Also, the distribution of the first passage time of this system is derived. Many important special cases are discussed.

Estimation of parameters including a quadratic failure rate semi-Markov reliability model

A. El-Gohary,A. Alshamrani 한국신뢰성학회 2011 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.12 No.1

This paper discusses the stochastic analysis and the statistical inference of a quadratic failure rate semi-Markov reliability model. Maximum likelihood procedure will be used to obtain the estimators of the parameters included in this reliability model. Based on the assumption that the lifetime and repair time of the system units are random variables with quadratic failure rate, the reliability function of this system is obtained. Also, the distribution of the first passage time of this system is derived. Many important special cases are discussed.

Digital Divide in Riyadh Neighborhoods: A Spatial Analysis

Rawan, Almutlaq,Shuruq, Alshamrani,Ohoud, Alhaqbani,Fatimah, Altamimi,Ghadah, Alammaj,Omer, Alrwais International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.1

The objective of this paper is to use Geographical Information Systems for identifying Digital Divide in Riyadh Neighborhoods, Saudi Arabia. Geo-database was created that includes Streets, Neighborhoods, ICT Access Data and Coverage Map for Riyadh. We used QGIS and overlay for analysis, intersection selected as tool for this paper. The results indicate that after analyzing the use of information communication technology in all regions of the Kingdom it turns that Riyadh, Ash Sharqiyyah and Makkah in average with percentage 50%, While Al Jawf, Al Madinah, and Najran are the least with percentage 42%. Then we focused on Riyadh to analyze the digital divide because it is the capital of Saudi Arabia and occupations the highest percent of communications towers in the KSA due to population density. Regarding coverage of the 4G, the neighborhoods at the center have recorded very high coverage score. While neighborhoods at the edges of the city have low values of coverage score. Same for 3G, it is more intense in the center and the coverage percentage is higher than 4G. For 2G we found it had the highest coverage compared to 3G or 4G

GLOBAL ANALYSIS FOR A DELAY - DISTRIBUTED VIRAL INFECTION MODEL WITH ANTIBODIES AND GENERAL NONLINEAR INCIDENCE RATE

A. M. ELAIW,N. H. ALSHAMRANI 한국산업응용수학회 2014 Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and A Vol.18 No.4

In this work, we investigate the global stability analysis of a viral infection model with antibody immune response. The incidence rate is given by a general function of the populations of the uninfected target cells, infected cells and free viruses. The model has been incorporated with two types of intracellular distributed time delays to describe the time required for viral contacting an uninfected cell and releasing new infectious viruses. We have established a set of conditions on the general incidence rate function and determined two threshold parameters R0 (the basic infection reproduction number) and R1 (the antibody immune response activation number) which are sufficient to determine the global dynamics of the model. The global asymptotic stability of the equilibria of the model has been proven by using Lyapunov theory and applying LaSalle’s invariance principle.

Clinical Presentations and Phenotypic Spectrum of Multiple Sclerosis at a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Saima Nazish,Rizwana Shahid,Azra Zafar,Foziah Alshamrani,Abdullah Al Sulaiman,Majed Alabdali,Danah Aljaafari,Esraa Al Wabar,Fahd A Alkhamis 대한신경과학회 2018 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.14 No.3

Background and Purpose The objective of this study was to determine the frequencies of different clinical presentations and the phenotypic spectrum of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods This cross-sectional study was performed in the Neurology Department of King Fahd Hospital of University Alkhobar in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Data of 190 MS patients who fulfilled the McDonald criteria were retrieved from medical records and analyzed. Results The age at disease onset was 26.27±8.2 years (mean±SD) and disease duration was 6.38±5.10 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.6. Optic neuritis and myelitis were the most-frequent first clinical presentations. Sensory (73.1%), motor (61%), and visual (58.4%) symptoms were the most-frequent established clinical symptoms. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) was present in 75% of the cases. Supratentorial T2-weighted white-matter lesions and deep-gray-matter or juxtacortical lesions were the most-frequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions, comprising 28% and 23.7% of all MRI lesions observed in 93.6% and 79.4% of the cases, respectively. The scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale were within the range of 1.0–5.5 in 82.1% of the patients. There were 145 (76.3%) patients taking interferon β therapy. Conclusions MS presenting in the hospital setting is more common in KSA than reported previously, and the number of diagnosed cases in increasing. It is therefore an emerging and disabling neurological illness in KSA with clinical characteristics not dissimilar to those in other middle eastern countries. A decrease in the frequency of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) indicates either that more new cases of RRMS are being diagnosed or that adequate treatments of RRMS are preventing the evolution to SPMS. Further larger and populationwide epidemiological and clinical studies with the long-term follow-up of MS patients are required to better assess the clinical spectrum of MS in KSA.

Global threshold dynamics in a generalized virus infection model with CTL immune response and two intracellular delays

A. M. ELAIW,N. H. ALSHAMRANI 장전수학회 2016 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.26 No.1

We consider a viral infection that describes the interaction of the virus (such as HIV, HBV, HCV, etc.) with target cells taking into consideration the CTL immune response. This model is a modication of some existing models by incorporating (i) a nonlinear incidence rate function which depends on the populations of the uninfected cells, infected cells and free viruses, (ii) two types of intracellular discrete time delays which describe the time required for viral contacting an uninfected target cell and the emission of new mature viruses. We have shown that, the global dynamics of the model is completely determined by two threshold parameters, the basic infection reproduction number R0 and the immune response reproduction ratio R1. We have established a set of conditions on the general incidence rate function which are sucient to determine the global behavior of the model. Using Lyapunov method, we have proven that if R0 1, then the infection-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable (GAS), if R0 1 < R0, then the chronic-infection equilibrium without CTL immune response is GAS, and if R1 > 1, then the chronic-infection equilibrium with CTL immune response is GAS.

Marker-assisted selection for scab resistance and columnar growth habit in inter-varietal population of apple (Malus × domestica)

Rasool Aatifa,Bhat K. M.,Mir M. A.,Sundouri A. S.,ALshamrani Salha Mesfer,Aloufi Abeer S.,El Moneim Diaa Abd,Mansoor Sheikh,정용석 한국식물생명공학회 2024 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.18 No.1

In recent years, there has been significant progress in enhancing the genetic foundation underlying important agricultural traits such as resistance to scab and the development of a columnar growth habit. V. inaequalis is a hemibiotrophic fungus widely distributed in temperate regions where apples are grown on commercial scale. The present investigation was undertaken to identify Vf gene and Co gene, which, respectively, confer resistance against apple scab disease and columnar phenotype in apple cultivar ‘Rosalie’ and introgression of both the genes in commercially important cultivar ‘Fuji’. Polymorphism sur- vey was carried out between the two parents using 22 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. The observations revealed that almost 50% hybrids fall in resistant category and 50% in susceptible category. The results of marker-assisted screening confirmed 38 F1s carrying resistance gene for scab while the remain- ing 32 F1 plants were found to be lacking the gene. The 38 genotypically scab-resistant hybrids were selected for further characterization as columnar and non-columnar plants. Based on the selection criteria, 21 individuals were categorized as columnar and the remaining 17 were categorized as non-columnar. The phenotypic screening was followed by screening of F1 s using molecular markers for Co gene. The amplification of Co-specific markers yielded columnar-specific fragments in the population and fitted the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio. 18 scab-resistant F1 hybrids were found to carry Co gene and the remaining 20 did not possess the gene for columnar growth habit. Gene-specific primers identified in the present study can be directly used for screening large apple germplasm in a short period of time for developing resistant varieties against apple scab as well as varieties with columnar growth habit. Hybrids with verified scab resistance and columnar growth can be swiftly utilized as scab-resistant columnar cultivars.