http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
방향성 벡터 일반화를 통한 이산화탄소의 한계저감비용 연구
( Alexandre Repkine ),민동기 ( Dong Ki Min ) 한국환경경제학회·한국자원경제학회(구 한국환경경제학회) 2013 자원·환경경제연구 Vol.22 No.3
기존 연구에서는 이산화탄소의 한계저감비용을 추정할 경우 쌍대성 이론에 근거하여 임의로 설정된 하나의 방향성 벡터(directional vector) 설정하였으나 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계를 극복하고자 다양한 형태의 방향성 벡터를 사용하여 이산화탄소의 한계저감비용을 추정하였다. 기존의 방법론에서는 임의로 설정된 방향성 벡터가 한계저감비용 추정에 결정적인 역할을 하여 선택된 방향성 벡터에 따라 한계저감 비용 추정치가 상당한 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. 그리고 45°의 방향성 벡터를 설정하는 경우에는 실제 이산화탄소 배출량 수준과는 다른 배출량 수준에서의 한계저감비용을 추정하게 되지만 본 연구에서 제안한 방법론에 의하여 추정된 한계저감비용은 실제 이산화탄소 배출량 수준에서 한계저감비용을 추정하여 보다 더 현실을 정확하게 반영하는 추정치이다. 새로운 방법론을 서유럽 국가에 적용하여 추정한 이산화탄소의 한계저감비용은 기존 방법론을 사용하는 경우에 비하여 적은 것으로 추정되었다. This study proposes an iterative approach to the estimation of the marginal abatement costs of undesirable outputs by computing the slope of the efficient production possibilities frontier on the basis of the efficient projection points generated by the directional output distance function approach due to Fare et al. (2005) based on duality theory. In case of the latter methodology, the estimated marginal abatement costs differ significantly depending on the choice of the directional output vector. In addition, depending on the curvature of the underlying PPF the efficient projection points may be located at a significant distance away from their actually observed counterparts. While it would be more logical to estimate marginal abatement costs as a PPF slope at a point corresponding to the actually observed emissions level, the methodology based on duality theory is likely to produce unstable results due to the problems associated with applying the theorem of implicit function differentiation. Since our methodology is not based on duality theory, our results are immune to both of these problems. We apply our methodology to a sample of Western European countries for the period of 1995-2011 to illustrate our approach.
Peace of Cake? Comparative Analysis of Northern Irish and Korean Peace Processes
Alexandre Haym,David Doherty,Yongho Kim 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2020 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.44 No.1
This article investigates and defines the essential variables in the historical peace processes in Northern Ireland and Korea and sets essential preconditions for future peace negotia tions on the Korean Peninsula. To do so, we conduct a rigor ous examination of all Northern Irish agreements to indicate why past Korean peace processes have failed and to offer alternative policy suggestions. Crucial ingredients for a suc cessful peace process are the structure of each negotiation framework, the inclusion of and concessions by key actors in each negotiation, the respect of core interests of each party, and tangible reduction of tensions.
Des villes tentaculaires aux smart cities: des solitudes de plus en plus interactives et connectées
Alexandre Eyries 고려대학교 응용문화연구소 2015 에피스테메 Vol.0 No.13
In this article I will try first to show that contemporary transformationsof large cities in most democratic societies around the world are notgoing in the direction of increased living together but instead they greatlylimit interactions. Secondly, I will analyze the communication technologyused in smart and connected cities in terms of what Dominique Woltoncalls "interactive loneliness." Dans cet article, je m’efforcerai tout d’abord de montrer que lestransformations contemporaines des grandes villes situées dans les sociétésdémocratiques du monde entier ne vont pas dans le sens d’unaccroissement du vivre-ensemble mais qu’au contraire elles limitentconsidérablement aux interactions. Dans un second temps, j’analyserai lestechnologies de communication utilisées au sein des villes intelligentes etconnectées à l’aune de ce que Dominique Wolton appelle les « solitudesinteractives ».
Alexandre da Trindade Alfaro,Gustavo Graciano Fonseca,Evellin Balbinot,Nilson Evelazio de Souza,Carlos Prentice 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3
A factorial design and response surfacemethodology were used to optimize the extraction processof tilapia skin gelatin (Oreochromis urolepis hornorum). The concentrations of NaOH (0.15%-0.35%) and H2SO4(0.15%-0.35%), the extraction temperature (40°C-60°C),and the extraction time (3-15 h) were independent variables. Response variables were yield (%), viscosity (mPa·s), andgel strength (g). The NaOH (%) and H2SO4 (%) concentrationshad significant influences (p<0.05) on viscosity and gelstrength, while the extraction temperature (oC) and theextraction time (h) showed significant influences (p<0.05)on all dependent variables. Increasing the temperature andextraction time provided higher yields with a reduction inthe gelatin viscosity and gel strength. Tilapia fish skin canbe used as a source for production of gelatin.
Alexandre Eyries 고려대학교 응용문화연구소 2014 에피스테메 Vol.0 No.12
This article aims to show the news of the work and concepts of Henri Meschonnic, at once linguist, sociologist, philosopher and anthropologist whose work is strikingly modern and contribute significantly to the anthropological reflection on the communication process, especially from the consideration of the relationships between orality and sociality.
Alexandre, G.,Limea, L.,Fanchonne, A.,Coppry, O.,Mandonnet, N.,Boval, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.8
Forage diets provide good quality carcasses in sheep but very little is known in tropical goats. An experiment was designed with Creole male goats using grass-based systems to assess carcass yield, scores, cuts and composition. After weaning (84 d, 9.2 kg LW) two modes of forage feeding were compared with two replicates of each. Feeding groups were: PF for animals reared at pasture (n = 62) and IF when reared indoors (n = 60). Given that forage finishing will result in low ADG it appeared necessary to study different fattening lengths. The kids were equally divided into 4 groups: group A (n = 32), 4mo after weaning; group B (n = 32), 4mo after A; group C (n = 30), 3mo after B and group D (n = 28), 2mo after C. The animals grazed (in two sub-flocks) on irrigated tropical pastures managed in a rotational system (28 d of re-growth) at a mean stocking rate of 1,200 kg/ha/yr LW. The IF groups were reared in collective pens on a slatted floor (2 replicates of 7 or 8 kids each). They were fed the same stand of tropical grass (25% DM, 12% CP) as that of pasture that was cut daily and provided ad libitum. The ADG (-10%), the weights of omental fat (-60%) and fat in shoulder (-18%), the ultimate pH of carcass (-12%), the meat colour score (-24%), the ""parameter accounting for redness (12%) and the DM and lipid contents (-4%) were significantly lower (p<0.05) in PF than in IF, while the liver was heavier (+23%, p<0.05). Feeding conditions seemed to be similar, thus, differences could be related to gastrointestinal parasitism in the PF system and hypotheses are discussed. Increasing the fattening duration, resulted in significant difference (p<0.01) in many traits: the weights at slaughter and of carcass increased by 40% and 60% from groups A to D and consequently the weights of body compartments and carcass cuts (1.5 to 2.0 fold more). When the results were presented as percentage of empty body weight and carcass weight, these preliminary results (carcass weight 9kg and yield 53%, muscle proportion 70%) and qualitative parameters (low fat score 2/5, fat proportion 5%), seem to be a good incentive for the sector to develop a niche market to meet consumer lean meat expectations. The indoors system could be implemented where there was low availability of grazing areas or problems of dog attacks.
Effect of Glycosylation on the Biochemical Properties of β-Xylosidases from Aspergillus versicolor
Alexandre Favarin Somera,Marita Gimenez Pereira,Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães,Maria de L.T. de M. Polizeli,Héctor Francisco Terenzi,Rosa Prazeres Melo Furriel,João Atílio Jorge 한국미생물학회 2009 The journal of microbiology Vol.47 No.3
Aspergillus versicolor grown on xylan or xylose produces two β-xylosidases with differences in biochemical properties and degree of glycosylation. We investigated the alterations in the biochemical properties of these β-xylosidases after deglycosylation with Endo-H or PNGase F. After deglycosylation, both enzymes migrated faster in PAGE or SDS-PAGE exhibiting the same Rf. Temperature optimum of xylan-induced and xylose-induced β-xylosidases was 45°C and 40°C, respectively, and 35°C after deglycosylation. The xylan- induced enzyme was more active at acidic pH. After deglycosylation, both enzymes had the same pH optimum of 6.0. Thermal resistance at 55°C showed half-life of 15 min and 9 min for xylose- and xylan-induced enzymes, respectively. After deglycosylation, both enzymes exhibited half-lives of 7.5 min. Native enzymes exhibited different responses to ions, while deglycosylated enzymes exhibited identical responses. Limited proteolysis yielded similar polypeptide profiles for the deglycosylated enzymes, suggesting a common polypeptide core with differential glycosylation apparently responsible for their biochemical and biophysical differences.
Alexandre Oliveira Ferreira,Marília Cravo 대한소화기내시경학회 2014 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.47 No.6
Letter to the editor