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Mechanics behind Breast Cancer Prevention - Focus on Obesity, Exercise and Dietary Fat
Alegre, Melissa Marie,Knowles, McKay Hovis,Robison, Richard A.,O'Neill, Kim Leslie Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4
Cancer prevention is rapidly emerging as a major strategy to reduce cancer mortality. In the field of breast cancer, significant strides have recently been made in the understanding of underlying preventive mechanisms. Currently, three major strategies have been linked to an increase in breast cancer risk: obesity, lack of physical exercise, and high levels of saturated dietary fat. As a result, prevention strategies for breast cancer are usually centered on these lifestyle factors. Unfortunately, there remains controversy regarding epidemiological studies that seek to determine the benefit of these lifestyle changes. We have identified crucial mechanisms that may help clarify these conflicting studies. For example, recent reports with olive oil have demonstrated that it may influence crucial transcription factors and reduce breast tumor aggressiveness by targeting HER2. Similarly, physical exercise reduces sex hormone levels, which may help protect against breast cancer. Obesity promotes tumor cell growth and cell survival through upregulation of leptin and insulin-like growth factors. This review seeks to discuss these underlying mechanisms, and more behind the three major prevention strategies, as a means of understanding how breast cancer can be prevented.
A Low-Voltage High-Performance CMOS Feedforward AGC Circuit for Wideband Wireless Receivers
Juan Pablo Alegre,Belén Calvo,Santiago Celma 한국전자통신연구원 2008 ETRI Journal Vol.30 No.5
Wireless communication systems, such as WLAN or Bluetooth receivers, employ preamble data to estimate the channel characteristics, introducing stringent settling-time constraints. This makes the use of traditional closed-loop feedback automatic gain control (AGC) circuits impractical for these applications. In this paper, a compact feedforward AGC circuit is proposed to obtain a fastsettling response. The AGC has been implemented in a 0.35 μm standard CMOS technology. Supplied at 1.8 V, it operates with a power consumption of 1.6 mW at frequencies as high as 100 MHz, while its gain ranges from 0 dB to 21 dB in 3 dB steps through a digital word. The settling time of the circuit is below 0.25 μs.
Nadia Soledad Alegre,Cecilia Claudia Garcia,Luis Ariel Billordo,Beatriz Ameigeiras,Daniel Poncino,Javier Benavides,Luis Colombato,Alejandra Claudia Cherñavsky 대한간학회 2020 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.26 No.2
Background/Aims: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) modulate T cell responses in diverse diseases. Co-stimulation of T cell activation via TLR9 induces production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), priming of which is critical for differentiation of proinflammatory macrophages. These macrophages have a crucial role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to evaluate the expression of TLR9 protein on T cells and the consequences of TLR9-mediated triggering of these cells in patients with NAFLD. Methods: Our study included 34 patients with simple steatosis, 34 patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, eight patients with NAFLD who met general diagnostic criteria but lacked histological diagnosis, and 51 control subjects. We used a synthetic TLR9 ligand to co-stimulate T cells. We measured TLR9 expression in liver and peripheral T cells and CD69 and IFN-γ as phenotypic markers of T cell activation and differentiation by flow cytometry. Results: TLR9 expression on liver and peripheral T cells was lowest in patients with simple steatosis and was positively associated with anthropometric, biochemical, and histopathological features of NAFLD. In vitro co-stimulation of T cells from patients with simple steatosis induced a limited number of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells. At baseline, these patients showed a low frequency of circulating type 1 CD8+ cells. Conclusions: The positive associations between TLR9 and anthropometric, clinical, and histological features and the crucial role of IFN-γ-in NAFLD suggest that limited TLR9 expression and production of IFN-γ play a protective role in patients with simple steatosi
WBC Analysis Through Image Processing
Christine D. Bandalan,Randy G. Alegre,Angelie C. Allego,Paolo Francisco E. Alonso,Daniel L. Balagosa,Rodrigo C. Talingting Jr 대한전자공학회 2010 ICEIC:International Conference on Electronics, Inf Vol.1 No.1
This study aims to develop a simple, cost effective and efficient neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counter using image processing techniques. To achieve this, a microscope, with a CCD camera mounted on it, is interfaced with the system. The camera provides the live feed from the microscope which is the source of still images that are subjected to the software for assessment. OpenCV library is used in the image processing techniques. The process has two main modules ? cell detection and cell matching. In cell detection, the region of interest (ROI) is extracted and undergoes image matching by means of histogram method. Matching module is subdivided into three ? neutrophil matching, lymphocyte matching and monocyte matching. The result of the matching process is the classification of the detected cell which can be neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte or unclassified. Additionally, the total number of neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes including unclassified cells found per image and on all images are given.
McNerney, M. E.,Lee, K.-M.,Zhou, P.,Molinero, L.,Mashayekhi, M.,Guzior, D.,Sattar, H.,Kuppireddi, S.,Wang, C.-R.,Kumar, V.,Alegre, M.-L. Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2006 American journal of transplantation Vol.6 No.3
<P>To achieve donor-specific immune tolerance to allogeneic organ transplants, it is imperative to understand the cell types involved in acute allograft rejection. In wild-type mice, CD4(+) T cells are necessary and sufficient for acute rejection of cardiac allografts. However, when T-cell responses are suboptimal, such as in mice treated with costimulation-targeting agents or in CD28-deficient mice, and perhaps in transplanted patients taking immunosuppressive drugs, the participation of other lymphocytes such as CD8(+) T cells and NK1.1(+) cells becomes apparent. We found that host NK but not NKT cells were required for cardiac rejection. Ly49G2(+) NK cells suppressed rejection, whereas a subset of NK cells lacking inhibitory Ly49 receptors for donor MHC class I molecules was sufficient to promote rejection. Notably, rejection was independent of the activating receptors Ly49D and NKG2D. Finally, our experiments supported a mechanism by which NK cells promote expansion and effector function of alloreactive T cells. Thus, therapies aimed at specific subsets of NK cells may facilitate transplantation tolerance in settings of impaired T-cell function.</P>
Nematicidal Effect of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) Extracts Against Haemonchus contortus
Jesús Antonio Pineda-Alegría,José E Sánchez,Elsa Ventura-Zapata,Manases González-Cortazar,Liliana Aguilar-Marcelino 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.9
During the previous decades, the indiscriminate use of anthelmintics for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes has generated anthelmintic resistance in different parts of the world. It is necessary to search for new sustainable control alternatives, such as the use of extracts from plants and edible mushrooms. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the nematicidal activity of extracts and fractions of the edible mushroom Lentinula edodes against Haemonchus contortus eggs and infective larvae. The basidiomata of L. edodes ECS-401 were provided by the Tropical Fungi Laboratory of El Colegio de la Frontera Sur and were extracted with ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Fractionation of the most active extract was carried out by open column chromatography. The bioassays were performed in 96-well microtiter plates using 100 eggs/larvae, a final volume of 100 μL, and different concentrations of extracts/fractions (n = 4). Bioassay readings were taken at 48 h for egg hatching inhibition (EHI) and at 24, 48 and 72 h for larval mortality (LM). The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest percentage of EHI (100%). For the LM bioassay, the aqueous extract was the most active (69%), but its fractions did not show larvicidal activity. The chemical profile of the aqueous extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, which showed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and terpenes. L. edodes extracts showed ovicidal and/or larvicidal activity.
Cord Dorsum Potentials Evoked by Electroacupuncture Applied to the Hind Limbs of Rats
Salvador Quiroz-González,Bertha Segura-Alegría,José Carlos Guadarrama-Olmos,Ismael Jiménez-Estrada 사단법인약침학회 2014 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.7 No.1
The longitudinal distribution of the cord dorsum potentials (CDPs) produced by electro- acupuncture (EA) stimulation at acupuncture points (APs) located on the hind limbs of rats was analyzed in this study. Single electrical pulses (0.05 ms, 1 Hz) applied to the bladder (BL) and the gallbladder (GB) APs produced CDPs on several spinal segments and were composed of the following four components: an afferent volley, two negative components (N₁and N₂), and one positive component (P wave). The larger evoked CDPs differed in their rostrocaudal distributions depending on the stimulated AP site, with those evoked by GB32e33 (at L3) and GB36e37 (at L4) being more caudal than those generated by BL58e59 (at L5) and BL37e38 (at L6). The CDPs produced by stimulating nonacupoints (NAPs) showed similar components and rostrocaudal distributions that were smaller in amplitude than those evoked by stimulating APs. The CDPs produced by stimulating NAPs located on a meridian acupuncture area were similar in amplitude and longitudinal distribution to those produced by stimulating APs. Our results suggest that the specificity of EA stimulation for CDPs responses is mainly related to an activa-tion of meridian pathways associated with peripheral nerve routes rather than to a restricted point specificity of APs.
Manases González-Cortázar,José E Sánchez,Magaly Huicochea-Medina,Victor M Hernández-Velázquez,Pedro Mendoza-de-Gives,Alejandro Zamilpa,Ma Eugenia López-Arellano,Jesús Antonio Pineda-Alegría,Liliana Ag 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.3
Sheep haemonchosis is a disease that causes anemia, diarrhea, weight loss, low production, and even death of young animals. This represents a negative economic impact on the livestock sector. For decades, chemicals have been used to control this parasitic disease; however, cases of anthelmintic resistance have increased around the world. For this reason, the search for control alternatives is necessary. Several studies have shown that edible mushrooms of Pleurotus genus have different medicinal properties, including nematicidal activity. In this study, the chromatographic fractionation of the hydroalcoholic extract of fruiting bodies Pleurotus djamor was carried out to identify and isolate the metabolites responsible for nematicidal activity. From the fractionation of the extract, the fraction PdR2 and the subfraction PdB were obtained, which were evaluated against Haemonchus contortus under in vitro conditions. The nematicidal effect of the fraction PdB in gerbils infected artificially with H. contortus was evaluated. Finally, the analysis of the PdB fraction by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance was carried out. The results showed that the PdB had 100% of egg hatching inhibition from 5 mg/mL. Regarding larvicidal activity, it presented >97.2% from 24 h to 20 mg/mL. The in vivo evaluation of the PdB fraction showed a reduction of H. contortus larvae of 92.56%. The compounds present in this fraction were the mixture of allitol and an unidentified terpene in a ratio of 9:1. The PdB fraction is a potential alternative for the control of H. contortus, where allitol and a terpene could be responsible for nematicidal activity.