팔레스타인 시인 무리드 알 바르구티의 시 연구

마흐무드 아흐마드 압둘 가파르 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2008 국제문화연구 Vol.1 No.1

Introduction to the poet The paper started with introducing the poet to the readers as follows: Palestinian poet Mourid Barghouthi was born on the 8Th of July 1944 in Deir Ghassana near Ramallah, Palestsne; He has published 12 books of poetry, the last of which is Muntasaf al-Lail(Midnight), Beirut, 2005. His Collected Works came out in Beirut in 1997. He was awarded the Palestine Award for Poetry (2000). His poems are published in Arabic and international literary magazines. English translations of his poetry were published in Al Ahram Weekly, Banipal, Times Literary Supplement, Pen, and Modern Poetry in Translation. His autobiographical narrative Ra'ytu Ramallah(I Saw Ramallah), 1997, published in several editions in Arabic, won the Naguib Mahfouz Award for Literature (1997) and was translated into several languages; the English translation was published by the American University in Cairo Press as well as by Random House, New York and Bloomsbury, London. Barghouthi participated in numerous conferences and poetry readings and festivals in almost all Arab countries and in several European cities. Reading his poetry Then paper went as far as it could go to reach the deepest point in the poet's fantasy world. As it showed no joy can compare with reading such poems. Finally the conclusion found out the following: - The poet's dictionary is so related to the real life talking words, but even though it never lost its poetic significances. The poet always attempts to express the strangeness of the world as he sees itin words that are not strange at all. he once said: "I want my language to be physical, precise, visual, concrete, daily and normal, just to reveal how abnormal the condition it describes is" - Repeating some sentencessuch as the title of the poem is a theme in Madrid's writings. - Functioning "Irony" is one of the most important features of Madrid's poetry when we want to talk about his work. Most of the time we laugh while we read his poems, but laughing here is just illusion because we really cry a lot with no tears. - Paradox plays a real rule in Madrid's works as well. - Expressing many meanings through a new technique: make things in our world talk, such as Mirror, Gum, Pencil, and so many other things - Time is the theme in each poem. As the poet he once said: since we lost Palestine I have no place, therefore I live in time. Madrid's works are totallydifferent among the Palestinian Poets, because he chose his won way, believed on himself, on his style, and kept going in his won path with no hesitation, he once said: No theory terrorizes me, life is richer than all our ways of writing it and a beautiful poem can turn all literary theories upside down".

The poetic of Place and the Language`s Formation: A study in Al Harafyesh`s Epic by Najyeb Mahfouz

( Mahmud Ahmad Abd Al-ghafar ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2016 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.20 No.3

There is no need to discuss that Najyeb Mahfouz is not just a great novelist but a great poet as well. It is true that he never published an anthology but his poetic style is clear and easy to be found within his novels. From this view point this paper aimed to find out the poetic style in his big novel " Al Harafysh`s Epic". The paper started with defining the concept "poetic", the way of using "place" and "time" in literature. Then it discussed the poetic style at that novel under these headlines: First: the poetic of text structure (the relation between this novel`s structure as an epic with the traditional classic old epics in Greek literature. This novel consists of 10 stories started with the main character "Ashour Al Najy" who came from a very low standard as a child that never knew his real parents struggled to be the strongest person in the area and to run it with justice and belief. After his death, the whole new generation from his family couldn’t be like him until the last story with last grandson "shams Al deen". The structure depended on the mysterious time that always came from the sound of Parisian odes, and mixing the real time with it. Second: the poetic of opposite couples (such as opposing words: epic/very poor and low social level people as in the title for example) Third: the poetic of intensification (every story has been divided into chapters, the beginning of each chapter was always written with a poetic style that look like a poem.) Fourth: the poetic of Parisian odes (the novel depended on the mysterious atmosphere that the Parisian sound brings every time we read that odes in specific chapter, this paper followed these odes and found out their relation with the main characters in every novel. the main ideas on which the text focuses to make the reader aware of themes like; life/ death, reality/ dream, justice/ injustice...etc. Fifth: the poetic of dreams (dreams always had relation with looking for justice in the whole text, from other side; dreams looked like the shadows of meaning for some big events before it happened.)

The poetic of Place and the Language s Formation: A study in Al Harafyesh;s Epic by Najyeb Mahfouz

Mahmud Ahmad Abd al-Ghafar(م,ح,م,و,د,أ,ح,م,د,ع,ب,د,ا,ل,غ,ف,ا,ر,) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2016 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.20 No.3

There is no need to discuss that Najyeb Mahfouz is not just a great novelist but a great poet as well. It is true that he never published an anthology but his poetic style is clear and easy to be found within his novels. From this view point this paper aimed to find out the poetic style in his big novel Al Harafysh s Epic . The paper started with defining the concept poetic , the way of using place and time in literature. Then it discussed the poetic style at that novel under these headlines: First: the poetic of text structure (the relation between this novel s structure as an epic with the traditional classic old epics in Greek literature. This novel consists of 10 stories started with the main character Ashour Al Najy who came from a very low standard as a child that never knew his real parents struggled to be the strongest person in the area and to run it with justice and belief. After his death, the whole new generation from his family couldn’t be like him until the last story with last grandson shams Al deen . The structure depended on the mysterious time that always came from the sound of Parisian odes, and mixing the real time with it. Second: the poetic of opposite couples (such as opposing words: epic/very poor and low social level people as in the title for example) Third: the poetic of intensification (every story has been divided into chapters, the beginning of each chapter was always written with a poetic style that look like a poem.) Fourth: the poetic of Parisian odes (the novel depended on the mysterious atmosphere that the Parisian sound brings every time we read that odes in specific chapter, this paper followed these odes and found out their relation with the main characters in every novel. the main ideas on which the text focuses to make the reader aware of themes like; life/ death, reality/ dream, justice/ injustice...etc. Fifth: the poetic of dreams (dreams always had relation with looking for justice in the whole text, from other side; dreams looked like the shadows of meaning for some big events before it happened.)

Breast Self Examination Practice and Breast Cancer Risk Perception among Female University Students in Ajman

Al-Sharbatti, Shatha Saed,Shaikh, Rizwana Burhanuddin,Mathew, Elsheba,Al-Biate, Mawahib Abd Salman Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

Breast cancer is the top cancer in women worldwide and its incidence is increasing, particularly in developing countries. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), many cases are first diagnosed in later stages and at younger age compared to those seen in developed countries. Early detection in order to improve breast cancer outcome and survival remains the cornerstone of breast cancer control. Performance of breast self examination is one of the important steps for identifying breast disease at an early stage, by the woman herself. No information has hitherto been available about the frequency of this practice among female university students in UAE or about their breast cancer risk perception and therefore the present study was conducted in Ajman. It was found that 22.7% of the participants practiced BSE but only 3% of them practiced BSE monthly. Marital status but not age as significantly associated with age likelihood. The most frequent reported barriers for BSE were lack of knowledge, considering oneself not at risk and the absence of doctor advice. These factors need to be taken into account in intervention efforts.

Penetration and efficacy of VEGF siRNA using polyelectrolyte complex micelles in a human solid tumor model in-vitro

Al-Abd, A.M.,Lee, S.H.,Kim, S.H.,Cha, J.H.,Park, T.G.,Lee, S.J.,Kuh, H.J. Elsevier Science Publishers 2009 Journal of controlled release Vol.137 No.2

A polyelectrolyte complex(PEC) micelle-based siRNA delivery system has been developed for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and its antitumor efficacy has been demonstrated using in-vivo animal models. Penetration and distribution through the avascular regions of human solid tumors after extravasation are important issues for antitumor efficacy, especially for macromolecules such as VEGF siRNA PEC micelles. Using an in-vitro solid tumor model, multicellular layers(MCL) culture of human colorectal cancer cells, we evaluated the penetration kinetics and efficacy of VEGF siRNA PEC micelles(PEC-siRNA) in comparison to unmodified siRNA(N-siRNA). The PEC-siRNA showed full penetration (15-17 layers of cells) with a unique punctuated distribution pattern at 48 h following initial accumulation in the top layers and a significant suppression of mRNA and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner after 72 h exposure. Although the initial penetration of N-siRNA was faster than that of PEC-siRNA, N-siRNA showed complete loss of activity due to its instability within 24 h. Our data support the idea that PEC micelle formulation may provide stable penetration tool through the multilayers of cancer cells and ensure the gene silencing effect of VEGF. This study also demonstrated that MCL could serve as a useful in-vitro model to evaluate the dose- and time-dependent profiles of penetration and efficacy of macromolecular delivery systems in human solid tumor avascular regions.

Origin and rearing season of honeybee queens affect some of their physiological and reproductive characteristics

Abd Al-Majeed AL-GHZAWI,Shahera ZAITOUN 한국곤충학회 2008 Entomological Research Vol.38 No.2

Queen honeybees of Apis mellifera ligustica and Apis mellifera syriaca were raised to investigate physiological and reproductive characteristics and to determine the most suitable time for queen rearing under semi-arid conditions in Jordan. The queen rearing season as well as the origin of the queens affected the queens’' weight, acceptance, preoviposition period, volume of the spermatheca, and quantity and quality of sperm in the spermatheca. Italian bees were heavier than Syrian bees at emergence. The introduced queen acceptance rate appeared to be a genetic influence of the queen: A. m. ligustica virgin queens were accepted at a higher rate than were A. m. syriaca queens. There were large seasonal variations in the acceptance rate. Experimental bee colonies accepted their virgin queens during spring with good honey flows at a higher rate compared to the other rearing periods. The greatest mating success was achieved in May and the smallest was during July and August. The preoviposition period was shorter in the Syrian than in the Italian queens, and was longer during summer for both honeybee subspecies. The volume of the spermatheca was smaller in Syrian bees and the spermatheca had lower numbers of spermatozoa compared with Italian bees. Thus, under semi-arid Mediterranean region conditions, it is highly recommended to raise virgin queens in the spring months only to obtain their highest quality.

Pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin after intratumoral injection using a thermosensitive hydrogel in tumor-bearing mice

Al-Abd, Ahmed M.,Hong, Ki-Yun,Song, Soo-Chang,Kuh, Hyo-Jeong Elsevier 2010 Journal of controlled release Vol.142 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A novel, thermosensitive hydrogel, poly(organophosphazene), is an injectable drug delivery system that transforms from sol to gel at body temperature. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a cytotoxic drug used for the treatment of several solid tumors. Due to its acute cardiac toxicity, DOX is a good candidate for local chemo-drug delivery system. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetics of DOX (30mg/kg) when given as an intratumoral injection using poly(organophosphazene) hydrogel in mice with human gastric tumor xenografts. DOX was formulated at 0.6% into a 10% hydrogel, and 40% and 90% of the dose was released in a sustained manner over 5weeks in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The hydrogel mass was well retained over 7weeks, and <I>T</I><SUB>1/2β, tumor</SUB> was 1.8-fold longer than that of the solution, but the 2.2-fold lower <I>C</I><SUB>max, tumor</SUB>, produced a similar AUC<SUB>tumor</SUB> and antitumor effect. However, solution caused a 2-fold higher systemic exposure (AUC<SUB>plasma</SUB>), which resulted in significant mortality due to acute cardiac toxicity. These data indicate that hydrogel formulation may have similar efficacy but lower systemic exposure than aqueous solution. In conclusion, poly(organophosphazene) showed adequate characteristics for local intratumoral delivery of DOX, including dose capacity, local retention, and minimal systemic spill-over. The safety and biocompatibility of poly(organophosphazene) should be further evaluated and its application should be extended to other anticancer agents.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P><ce:figure></ce:figure></P>

The Arabic Poetic Rhythm from the classic line to the modern: Prosodical study

( Abd Al-karim Asad Kahtan ) 한국아랍어아랍문학회 2018 아랍어와 아랍문학 Vol.22 No.2

The research consists of an introduction that includes a brief definition of poetic rhythm and its forms and defines prosody as a system of syllables in the speech movement. It is also a system that is based on different syllables and their suitability and repetition in the poetic line as well as the qasiad (poem). The research also reviewed the development of prosodic structure within the requirement of the development of the Arab poetic discourse. This development occurred via three forms that each form prevailed a certain stage of the stages of the Arab poetic discourse. The first form is the stiff or static form that was materialized by the single metre and monorhymed qasiad (poem). Then, the diversified form that was materialized by the romantic qasiad (pem) characterized by diversification of poetic line, metre and rhyme. The final one is the dynamic form materialized by the modern qasiad (peom) that is based on the poetic line that does not abide by a certain engineering of phonetic structure, semantic structure or visual structure. The research also reviewed the aesthetic impact of prosody through three functions: the function of tension that is based on the principle of contradiction between phonetic structure and semantic structure. The function of (Music disorder) that is based on the suitability of phonetic structure and its repetition. Finally, the function of expression that is based on diversifying prosodic structure according to the requirements of the semantic structure. The research conclusion confirmed that prosodic structure was not stiff or static but evolved within the development of the Arab poetic discourse.

Growth and development of Chrysomya saffranea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in response to different food substrates

Abd Al Galil Fahd Mohammed,Al‐Keridis Lamya Ahmed,AL‐Mekhlafi Fahd A.,Al‐Shuraym Laila A.,Alhag Sadeq K.,Ali El Hadi Mohamed Rania,Wadaan Muhammad A. 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.10

Chrysomya saffranea is an insect that is important in criminal forensics as it plays a large role in decomposition on human cadavers. In this paper, the different developmental stages of C. saffranea flies were studied in the laboratory on different food, such as meat, liver, fat tissue and mixed food, to test whether these media affect the development of their larvae and have an impact on the calculation of the post-mortem interval. Our results indicated a significant growth enhancement among flies that fed on the mixed food (pure fat, meat and liver minced in equal proportions) compared with those that fed on minced (pure fat tissues, pure meat of and minced liver) of buffalo. The present results also confirmed the impact of food on the growth of C. saffranea, as well as the post-mortem interval PMI.

Management of Braula orientalis Örösi (Diptera: Braulidae) in honeybee colonies with tobacco smoke under semiarid conditions

Abd Al-Majeed AL GHZAWI,Shahera ZAITOUN,Hail SHANNAG 한국곤충학회 2009 Entomological Research Vol.39 No.3

In the present study, bee colonies were smoked with tobacco smoke in order to evaluate the monthly changes in the numbers of worker bees, the infestation rates of worker bees and queens with bee lice, and the annual average honey production per colony. In July of each year, 12 colonies were smoked with tobacco smoke; the remaining hives not smoked with tobacco smoke served as the control. The results indicated that the applications of tobacco smoke during July gave rise to an impressive reduction in the Braula infestation rate on workers (below 1.8%) and reduced the amount of bee lice on the queen to zero throughout the 2–3 months following smoke treatment. In the colonies not treated with smoke, the Braula infestation rates on worker bees started to increase in May and continued to increase constantly during the rest of year, reaching maximum infestation rates of 28.2% and 33.8% in December, with an average of 15 and 17 lice per queen in November in the first and second years, respectively. Worker bee populations peaked in April and July of each year in both treatments. The average honey production per colony was significantly higher in the colonies treated with smoke than those that were not for the first and second years. In conclusion, early summer months may be the crucial time to smoke the colonies with tobacco smoke in order to keep bee lice at low levels for the remaining seasons.