Impact of Sulphur and Nitrogen Application on Seed and Xanthotoxin Yield in Ammi mejus L.

Saif Ahmad,Arshad Jamal,Inayat Saleem Fazili,Tanweer Alam,Mather Ali Khan,Kamaluddin,Mohd. Iqbal,Malik Zainul Abdin 韓國作物學會 2007 한국작물학회지 Vol.52 No.2

Field experiments were conducted to determine the physiological and biochemical basis of the interactive effect of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) application on seed and xanthotoxin yield of Ammi majus L. Six treatments were tested (T1 = control-without manure and fertilizers, T2 = manure @ 9 kg plot-1-10~;t~;ha-1,~;T3=A0N50K25P25,~;T4=S40N50K25P25,~;T5=S40N100K25P25~;T6=S20+20N50+50K25P25) ). Nitrate reductase (NR) activity and ATP-sulphurylase activity in the leaves were measured at various phonological stages, as the two enzymes catalyze rate-limiting steps of the assimilatory pathways of nitrate and sulphate, respectively. The activities of these two enzymes were strongly correlated with seed and xanthotoxin yield. The highest nitrate reductase activity, ATP-sulphurylase activity and xanthotoxin yield were achieved with the treatment T4 . Any variation from this treatment decreased the activity of these enzymes, resulting in a reduction of the seed and xanthotoxin yield in Ammi majus L. The higher seed and xanthotoxin yield achieved in Ammi majus L. at treatment T4 could be due to optimization of leaf soluble protein and photosynthetic rate, as these parameters are Influenced by S and N assimilation.

C3a Receptor Inhibition Protects Brain Endothelial Cells Against Oxygen-glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion

Saif Ahmad,Adam Kindelin,Maaz Ahmed,Md Nasrul Hoda,Kanchan Bhatia,Andrew F. Ducruet 한국뇌신경과학회 2019 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.28 No.2

The complement cascade is a central component of innate immunity which plays a critical role in brain inflammation. Complement C3a receptor (C3aR) is a key mediator of post-ischemic cerebral injury, and pharmacological antagonism of the C3a receptor is neuroprotective in stroke. Cerebral ischemia injures brain endothelial cells, causing blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption which further exacerbates ischemic neuronal injury. In this study, we used an in vitro model of ischemia (oxygen glucose deprivation; OGD) to investigate the protective effect of a C3aR antagonist (C3aRA, SB290157) on brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3). Following 24 hours of reperfusion, OGD-induced cell death was assessed by TUNEL and Caspase-3 staining. Western blot and immunocytochemistry were utilized to demonstrate that OGD upregulates inflammatory, oxidative stress and antioxidant markers (ICAM-1, Cox-2, Nox- 2 and MnSOD) in endothelial cells and that C3aRA treatment significantly attenuate these markers. We also found that C3aRA administration restored the expression level of the tight junction protein occludin in endothelial cells following OGD. Interestingly, OGD/reperfusion injury increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and C3aR inhibition significantly reduced the activation of ERK suggesting that endothelial C3aR may act via ERK signaling. Furthermore, exogenous C3a administration stimulates these same inflammatory mechanisms both with and without OGD, and C3aRA suppresses these C3a-mediated responses, supporting an antagonist role for C3aRA. Based on these results, we conclude that C3aRA administration attenuates inflammation, oxidative stress, ERK activation, and protects brain endothelial cells following experimental brain ischemia.

Experimental exergy assessment of ground source heat pump system

Ahmad, Saif Nawaz,Prakasha, Om Techno-Press 2019 Advances in energy research Vol.6 No.2

The principal intention of this experimental work is to confer upon the exergy study of GSHP associated with horizontal earth heat exchanger for space heating. The exergy analysis recognizes the assessment of the tendency of various energy flows and quantifies the extensive impression of inefficiencies in the system and its components. Consequently, this study intends to provide the enlightenment for well interpretation of exergy concept for GSHP. This GSHP system is composed of heat pump cycle, earth heat exchanger cycle and fan coil cycle. All the required data were measured and recorded when the experimental set up run at steady state and average of the measured data were used for exergy investigation purpose. In this study the rate at which exergy destructed at all the subsystems and system has been estimated using the analytical expression. The overall rational exergetic efficiency of the GSHP system was evaluated for estimating its effectiveness. Hence, we draw the exergy flow diagram by using the various calculated results. The result shows that in the whole system the maximum exergy destruction rate component was compressor and minimum exergy flow component was earth heat exchanger. Consequently, compressor and earth heat exchanger need to be pay more attention.

Impact of sulphur and nitrogen application on seed and xanthotoxin yield in Ammi majus L.

Saif Ahmad,Arshad Jamal,Inayat Saleem Fazili,Tanweer Alam,Mather Ali Khan,Kamaluddin,Mohd. Iqbal,Malik Zainul Abdin 한국작물학회 2007 한국작물학회지 Vol.52 No.2

Field experiments were conducted to determine the physiological and biochemical basis of the interactive effect of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) application on seed and xanthotoxin yield of Ammi majus L. Six treatments were tested (T1=control-without manure and fertilizers, T2=manure @ 9 kg plot-1-10 t ha-1, T3=S0N50 K25P25, T4=S40N50K25P25, T5=S40N100K25P25, T6=S20+20N50+50 K25P25). Nitrate reductase (NR) activity and ATP-sulphurylase activity in the leaves were measured at various phenological stages, as the two enzymes catalyze rate-limiting steps of the assimilatory pathways of nitrate and sulphate, respectively. The activities of these two enzymes were strongly correlated with seed and xanthotoxin yield. The highest nitrate reductase activity, ATP-sulphurylase activity and xanthotoxin yield were achieved with the treatment T4. Any variation from this treatment decreased the activity of these enzymes, resulting in a reduction of the seed and xanthotoxin yield in Ammi majus L. The higher seed and xanthotoxin yield achieved in Ammi majus L. at treatment T4 could be due to optimization of leaf soluble protein and photosynthetic rate, as these parameters are influenced by S and N assimilation.

Impact of Sulphur and Nitrogen Application on Seed and Xanthotoxin Yield in Ammi majus L.

Ahmad, Saif,Jamal, Arshad,Fazili, Inayat Saleem,Alam, Tanweer,Khan, Mather Ali,Kamaluddin, Kamaluddin,Iqbal, Mohd,Abdin, Malik Zainul The Korean Society of Crop Science 2007 한국작물학회지 Vol.52 No.2

Field experiments were conducted to determine the physiological and biochemical basis of the interactive effect of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) application on seed and xanthotoxin yield of Ammi majus L. Six treatments were tested ($T_1$ = control-without manure and fertilizers, $T_2$ = manure @ 9 kg $plot^{-1}-10\;t\;ha^{-1},\;T_3=A_0N_{50}K_{25}P_{25},\;T_4=S_{40}N_{50}K_{25}P_{25},\;T_5=S_{40}N_{100}K_{25}P_{25}\;T_6=S_{20+20}N_{50+50}K_{25}P_{25})$). Nitrate reductase (NR) activity and ATP-sulphurylase activity in the leaves were measured at various phonological stages, as the two enzymes catalyze rate-limiting steps of the assimilatory pathways of nitrate and sulphate, respectively. The activities of these two enzymes were strongly correlated with seed and xanthotoxin yield. The highest nitrate reductase activity, ATP-sulphurylase activity and xanthotoxin yield were achieved with the treatment $T_4$. Any variation from this treatment decreased the activity of these enzymes, resulting in a reduction of the seed and xanthotoxin yield in Ammi majus L. The higher seed and xanthotoxin yield achieved in Ammi majus L. at treatment $T_4$ could be due to optimization of leaf soluble protein and photosynthetic rate, as these parameters are Influenced by S and N assimilation.

Compact SEPIC Converter Using a GaN HEMT

Z. Saif,V. Ahmad,G. E. Town 전력전자학회 2015 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

The increasing demand for miniaturization in electronic devices has driven the design of compact power supplies which operate at higher switching frequencies. Gallium-nitride semiconductor switching devices are very promising for increasing the power density and efficiency of switch-mode power converters due to their high switching speed and low on-resistance relative to silicon devices. In this paper we describe a simple SEPIC converter using a normally-off hybrid GaN-on-Si cascode switch. Operating with a switching frequency around 1.5MHz, and with 100W load, the compact circuit was measured to have a conversion efficiency of 94.25%.

Risk Factors and Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer in Pakistan

Daniyal, Muhammad,Ahmad, Saeed,Ahmad, Mukhtiar,Asif, Hafiz Muhammad,Akram, Muhammad,Rehman, Saif Ur,Sultana, Sabira Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12

Gastric cancer is the 2nd most common cause of death among all cancers and is the 4th most common cancer in the world. The number of deaths due to gastric cancer is about 800,000 annually. Gastric cancer is more common in men as compared to women and is 3rd most common cancer after colorectal and breast cancers in women. A progressive rise in the incidence rate has been observed in females over the last 5 years. The highest incidence of stomach cancer is in China, South America and Eastern Europe. The incidence of gastric cancer has 20 fold variation worldwide. Global variation is linked by two factors which play important role in developing gastric cancer. One is infection with Helicobacter pylori and the $2^{nd}$ is diet. South Asia is a region with low risk, despite a high prevalence of H.pylori. Gastric carcinoma is common in southern region of India. Gastric cancer is more readily treated if diagnosed early. This study aims to provide awareness about gastric cancer as well as an updated knowledge about risk factors and epidemiology of gastric cancer in Pakistan.

A UML-based Approach towards Test Case Generation and Optimization

Shahid Saleem,Saif U. R. Malik,Bilal Mehboob,Roobaea Alroobaea,Sultan Algarni,Abdullah M. Baqasah,Naveed Ahmad,Muhammad Hasnain 한국인터넷정보학회 2024 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.18 No.3

Software testing is an important phase as it ensures the software quality. The software testing process comprises of three steps: generation, execution, and evaluation of test cases. Literature claims the usage of single and multiple 'Unified Modeling Language' (UML) diagrams to generate test cases. Using multiple UML diagrams increases test case coverage. However, the existing approaches show limitations in test case generation from UML diagrams. Therefore, in this research study, we propose an approach to generate the test cases using UML State Chart Diagram (SCD), Activity Diagram (AD), and Sequence Diagram (SD). The proposed approach transforms UML diagrams into intermediate forms: SCD Graph, AD Graph, and SD Graph respectively. Furthermore, by integrating these three graphs, a System Testing Graph (STG) is formed. Finally, test cases are identified from STG by using a traversal algorithm such as Depth First Search (DFS) that is an optimization method. The results show that the proposed approach is better compared to existing approaches in terms of coverage and performance. Moreover, the generated test cases have the ability to detect faults at the unit level, integration, and system level testing.

Association of CYP2C9 Genetic Variants with Vitiligo

( Abdullateef A. Alzolibani ),( Ahmad Al Robaee ),( Hani Al Shobaili ),( Fahad Al Saif ),( Eman Al Mekhadab ),( Ahmed A. Settin ) 대한피부과학회 2014 Annals of Dermatology Vol.26 No.3

Background: Vitiligo is a depigmenting skin disorder in which genetic factors play an important role. Objective: To examine the association of CYP2C9 *1/*2/*3 gene polymorphism with vitiligo. Methods: In this case controlled study, 95 Saudi patients with vitiligo (50 men and 45 women), with a mean age of 27.3 years, were analyzed. Patients were compared to 86 healthy controls from the same locality (76 men and 10 women), with a mean age of 20.1 years. In all participants, DNA was extracted and processed for characterization of 2C9 *1/*2/*3 gene variants using real timepolymerase chain reaction. Results: Vitiligo patients have a significantly higher CYP2C9 *3 allele carriage rate compared to controls (32.7% versus 4.7%, p=0.00, odds ratio=9.9, 95% confidence interval=3.3∼29.6). On the other hand, frequencies of CYP2C9 *2 genotypes and alleles did not show any significant difference between vitiligo cases and controls. When the frequencies of CYP2C9 genotypes were compared among subgroups of age, gender, family history, and disease patterns, the cases with positive consanguinity had significantly higher frequencies of homozygous genotypes than others (p=0.029). Conclusion: CYP2C9 *3 allele carriage is probably associated with vitiligo susceptibility. (Ann Dermatol 26(3) 343∼348, 2014)

Physiological response of cotton genotypes against NaCI salt stress under solution culture

( Muhammad Ibrahim ),( Muhammad Sajjad Haider ),( Uman Saleem ),( Saif Ur Rehman ),( Kafeel Ahmad ),( Zafar Iqbal Khan ),( Muhammad Aleem Sarwar ) 한국토양비료학회 2011 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.2011 No.-